Agored Cyrmu Health and Safety

Entry 3

Day One

Content

Responsibilities First Aid Personal Protective Equipment Handling Equipment and Substances

Ice Breaker:- What does H&S mean to You?

Health and Safety is EVERYONES Responsibility!

Under the Health and Safety at work Act, everyone has a duty to know and follow safe ways of working.

It is a employers responsibility to: Provide a safe working environment Make sure you know about safe working practices Provide training and make sure you can do your job Assess the risks involved with your job Talk to you about health and safety issues

It is YOUR responsibility to:

Follow safe working practices Take part in training Know what to do in an emergency Use tools and equipment in the right way Make sure colleagues are not put in any danger by your

actions Stay alert for health and safety hazards Report hazards and accidents to your line manager

Working together is the best way to make sure safety is a priority

for everyone!!!!!

Be “Positive” about Safety

Having the right attitude to health and safety can help stop accidents and keep everyone safe!!

BE ALERTLook out for hazards that others might miss. If you see

a hazard make it safe or report it immediately.

THINK FIRST!!!!Always take time to think, look around and consider

any risks before starting a job.

DON’T TAKE SHORT CUTS!!The safe way is always the right way. Trying to do a

job too quickly or without care can result in accidents.

FOLLOW SAFE METHODS OF WORKAlways take part in H&S training and follow what you

have learnt. Follow all instructions that have been provided by your line manager/supervisor.

Be Positive… cont

Personal Protective Equipment

Suitable PPE is provided to everyone.

You must:-

Store appropriately to prevent damageWear it Do not lose or misuse itReport any defects

Safe use of work equipment

Follow the manufacturers safety instructions for any equipment you use.

Make sure its in good condition Report and label faulty equipment so no-one else can use it Only use equipment you have be trained and authorised to use Store equipment appropriately and securely Wear the right clothing. No loose clothing or jewellery that

could get caught Wear appropriate footwear for the job you are doing

Vehicle Safety

You are responsible while driving at work Seatbelts must be worn On the spot vehicle checks will be carried out You will follow Road Traffic Legislation Your company will ensure the vehicles are maintained in

a safe condition with the relevant MOT and servicing checks

DO NOT use a mobile phone whilst driving

An Introduction to Manual Handling

What is Manual Handling?

• Manual Handling involves the transporting or supporting of loads.

• This includes lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving.

• The Load can be inanimate, or a person or animal.

14

Consequences of Poor

Manual Handling…• Acute injuries - normally lead to leave

from work and a period of rest, while the injury heals.

• Chronic injuries – Build up over a long period of time, and are usually irreversible.

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Kinds of accident causing over-three-day injury 2001/02

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Types of over-three-day injury…

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Sprain/strain often Sprain/strain often chronic others all chronic others all

acute…acute…

Location of over-three-day injuries…

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Reasons for a back injury

• Awkward or abnormal posture

• Poor body mechanics

• Declining physical fitness

• Stress

• Overeating and smoking

• Person is usually unprepared

• Sometimes Footwear?

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Costs of a Back Injury…

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EMPLOYERSick Pay

OvertimeAgency Staff

Recruitment & InductionBad Publicity

Poor Staff MoraleInvestigation

Court & Legal FeesCompensation

Insurance

EMPLOYEEPain & Suffering

Medication & Alternative Therapy

Loss of EarningsRestrictions on ActivitiesLegal Costs of Accident

Investigations

Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992

Consists of 8 regulations 1 Citation and commencement 2 Interpretation 3 Dis-application of Regulations –

(These Regulations shall not apply to or in relation to the master or crew of a sea-going ship or to the employer of such persons in respect of the normal ship-board activities of a ship's crew under the direction of the master.)

4 Duty of Employers…21

Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992

Regulation 4 (Duties of Employers) is broken down into 5 Sections:

4(1)(a) Avoidance of Manual Handling

4(1)(b)(i) Assessment of Risk

4(1)(b)(ii) Reducing the Risk of Injury

4(1)(b)(iii) The load - providing additional information

4(2) Reviewing the Assessment.22

Manual Handling Operations Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992

5 Duty of Employees – Each employee while at work shall make full and proper use of any system of work provided for use by his employer

6 Exemption certificates - Secretary of State for Defence may, in the interests of national security, by a certificate in writing exempt any of the home forces

7 Extension outside Great Britain 8 Repeals and revocations.

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Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Healthy BackHealthy Back

24

?

25

26

SpineThree main

functions To protect the

spinal cord To allow

movement. To support the

upper body

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Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Cervical – Neck, Greek ‘Round’ 7 bones

Thoracic – Upper Back 12 bones

Lumbar – Lower back 5 bones

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Disks

Vertebra

Vertebrae 33 bones –

the top 24 are separated by discs

Each vertebrae has 4 joints which enables movement

Vertebrae are larger towards the bottom of the spine29

Transverse Processes

Anchor Points for Muscles

30

31

Thoracic ‘Upper Back’

Not very flexible, attached to the Ribcage - a Solid Structure

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Lumbar region - Larger Vertebrae

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Disc

Vertebra

AnnulusNucleus

Annulus – Tough fibrous outer, holds discs in place. Can wear / crack over time or with repetitive strain & injury.

Nucleus – Soft core acts as shock absorber, takes 80% of Force 34

Slipped

Prolapsed

No nerve supply to discs, so you don’t feel anything until it’s too late!

Weak Blood supply = Lack of Oxygen = Poor Healing

Vertebrae bones can slip with Annulus and become a serious injury!

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36

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Vertebra

Spinal Nerves

Spinal CordL

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Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back

• Posture– Maintain an upright posture– Try to keep the natural curves– Use thigh and buttock muscles – don’t

bend your back

• Weight– Try to control your weight, excess weight

causes unnecessary pressure on the joints

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Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back

• Bed– We spend a large amount of time in bed,

so make sure your mattress supports your back

• Car– The seat should be firm and should

support the curves of your spine

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Tips for a Healthy BackTips for a Healthy Back

• Home/Work– Avoid bending over surfaces & try to store

frequently used items at a suitable height

• Keep Fit and Flexible

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KINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTING

The study of

mechanical, nervous

and physiological

factors

Invented by Tom

McClurg Anderson

(1951) - Human Kinetics

and Analysis, Body

Movements. London:

Heinemann.42

KINETIC LIFTINGKINETIC LIFTING

Kinetic lifting shows you how to lift

correctly “ Lifting Techniques”

Does not rely on brute force

Relies on proper technique, assessment

of weight and the function of the handling

operation

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Load Close to the Body

Load Close to the Body

FulcrumFulcrum

Load close to the body will produce a 3 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber

area

Load close to the body will produce a 3 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber

area

20kg20kg

60kg60kg

Principles of Weight RatiosPrinciples of

Weight Ratios

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45

Load Away from the Body

Load Away from the Body

Load away from the body will produce a

10 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber area

Load away from the body will produce a

10 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber area

20kg20kg

200kg200kg

Principles of Weight RatiosPrinciples of

Weight Ratios

Safe Manual Handling Safe Manual Handling TechniqueTechnique

Safe Manual Handling Techniques is characterised as:

A 6 point lift which consists of a set of Base Movements

They are...

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Safe Manual Handling Safe Manual Handling Techniques – 6 Point LiftTechniques – 6 Point Lift

1} Look at the Load :

2} Foot position

3} Bend Knees / Back Straight

4} Test Load / Take a Firm Grip

5} Lift with Legs / Load Close

6} Put Down with Equal Care.

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Size and ShapeSize and ShapeSize and ShapeSize and Shape

1} Look at the Load1} Look at the Load

Potential instabilityPotential instability

Possible area to gripPossible area to grip

If you think you cannot manage the load: GET HELP

If you think you cannot manage the load: GET HELP

Look for written indicators, weight, content…

Look for written indicators, weight, content…

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• Do Not Lift ANYTHING that you are not Capable of…!!!!!

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2} Foot Position2} Foot Position

The optimum position, Feet hip width apart with one foot ahead

The optimum position, Feet hip width apart with one foot ahead

The leading foot must feel the most

Comfortable

The leading foot must feel the most

Comfortable

Leading foot along side of load

foot facing the direction of travel

Leading foot along side of load

foot facing the direction of travel

Your centre of balance as close to the load as

comfortably as possible

Your centre of balance as close to the load as

comfortably as possible50

3} Bend Knees / Back Straight3} Bend Knees / Back Straight

Relax the knees Relax the knees

Front foot flat on the floor

Front foot flat on the floor

Heal of the rear foot raised

Heal of the rear foot raised

Adjust your body weight through your

feet

Adjust your body weight through your

feet

Avoid leaning excessively forward

for extra balance

Avoid leaning excessively forward

for extra balance

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4} Test Load/Take a Firm Grip4} Test Load/Take a Firm Grip

Use a “ Diagonal grip Use a “ Diagonal grip “ “ if possibleif possible

Diagonal grip provides support for

the load

Diagonal grip provides support for

the load

Draw the load towards the body

Draw the load towards the body

Positioning of Hands Feet at the start of

the lift is very important.

Positioning of Hands Feet at the start of

the lift is very important.

Remember to te

st the lo

ad

Remember to te

st the lo

ad

““Test the Load”Test the Load”““Test the Load”Test the Load”

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5} Lift with Legs KeepLoad Close5} Lift with Legs KeepLoad Close

As you lift use the Headlock movementAs you lift use the

Headlock movement

Gently raising the head and tucking in the ChinGently raising the head and tucking in the Chin

This movement straightens the neck, raises the chest and

shoulders

This movement straightens the neck, raises the chest and

shoulders

Bring the load as close to the body as possibleBring the load as close to the body as possible

6} Put Down with Care6} Put Down with Care

The load should be kept as close to the body as

possible

The load should be kept as close to the body as

possible

Use a staggered foot position for stabilityUse a staggered foot position for stability

If lowering to the floor, avoid looking down

If lowering to the floor, avoid looking down

Avoid twisting the trunk or over

stretching

Avoid twisting the trunk or over

stretching

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Team HandlingTeam Handling

Manual Handling Operations Regulations Manual Handling Operations Regulations

• Two person team, 1/3 the sum of individuals

• Three person team, 1/2 the sum of individuals

• Similar build and physical capability.

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HSE GuidelinesHSE Guidelines

56Carrying weights for up to 10m only

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ConclusionConclusion• Manual Handling involves the transporting or

supporting of loads• Acute & Chronic Injuries can Occur• You MUST Obey Regulations• Use Kinetic Lifting Technique• Look after your back

58©©NC Hughes NC Hughes 20102010

Health and SafetyDay Two

Content

Risk Assessment Training Housekeeping Reporting Accidents, incidents & Near Misses

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

Risk assessments are a way to identify risks so that steps can be taken to prevent accidents and injuries

You must sign to confirm you have read and understood the risk assessments that apply to you and your work.

Risk Assessments

Not ALL risk assessments will be written down!!

You will also assess risks when you are on a job to ensure you can do it safely.

• Protection of the Body

• Protection of the Mind

• Illness resulting from Materials, Processes or procedures used in the work place…

SafetySafety

The Protection of People

from Physical Injury…

WelfareWelfare• The provision of facilities to maintain the

Health and Wellbeing of individuals in the workplace…

HazardHazard

• A condition, activity or practice with the potential to cause damage, injury or other loss.

- The Potential to cause Harm…

RiskRisk

• The Likelihood of Harm Occurring…

AccidentAccident

• Any unplanned event that results in injury or ill health of people

• Or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or the environment

• Or a loss of a business opportunity

Reasonably PracticableReasonably Practicable

• The degree of Risk must be balanced against the cost to combat it…

Management of Health & Safety Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999at Work Regulations 1999

• Every employee shall use any machinery, equipment provided to him by his employer in accordance with any training that has been provided to him by the employer.

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Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

• Identify significant Risks• Identify suitable measures that need to be

taken to comply with strategy provisions• Appropriate to the nature of the work • Remain valid for a reasonable amount of

time…

5 Steps to Risk Assessment5 Steps to Risk Assessment

1. Identify Hazards

2. Who might be harmed & How?

3. Evaluate the Risks

4. Record Findings

5. Review Regularly

Types of Hazards Types of Hazards

PHYSICAL

BIOLOGICAL

CHEMICAL

ERGONOMIC

Who might be Harmed?Who might be Harmed?

• Employees

• Non-Employees

- Visitors

- Contractors

- Members of the Public

Who might be Harmed?Who might be Harmed?

• Young People• New or Expectant Mothers• Home or Travelling Workers• Disabled Individuals• Lone Workers• Maintenance Workers

Risk Assessment Risk Assessment

• A careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

•Employers must avoid all hazardous manual handling activities where it is reasonably practical to do so.

If it is not practical to do so, they must make a suitable and sufficient risk assessment.

They must take appropriate action to reduce the risk to the lowest level reasonably practicable.

Control MeasuresControl Measures

• Eliminate• Reduce / Replace• Isolate• Control • PPE• Discipline

(ERIC Prevents Death)

ConclusionConclusion

• Follow Rules & Regulations• Keep up to date with current legislation• Take reasonable care for the health & safety

of yourselves and others• Cooperate with your employer & others• Do not misuse or interfere with safety

provisions.• Follow your employers Risk Assessments &

Guidelines

Training

All staff will have general training in:-

InductionH&SEmergency proceduresSpecific training when necessary i.e asbestos

awareness, BBV etcUse of work equipment

Reporting Accidents, Incidents & Near Misses Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences

Regulations

Any accidents, incidents or near misses must be reported to H&S as well as your line manager.

If we don’t know about it, we can’t do anything about it!!

Good Housekeeping

Store Things Safely!!!

When you have finished with tools/equipment put it away in the right place

Don’t leave work materials lying around in public areas, in stairs, walkways or in front of doors

Keep substances in the proper labelled containers Don’t overload shelving or cupboards

Good Housekeeping

Help keep your workplace tidy

Wipe up spills immediately using the right equipment for the job and the correct PPE

Clean up clutter and keep work surfaces and your vehicles tidy. This is to ensure materials and equipment is stored securely and prevents any damages

It is your responsibility to keep your vehicles in a safe and tidy manner.

Everyone’s goal is to……….