AGREE ON FORM-LINKED SOLUTIONS TOWARDS THE FUTUREDevelopment in arcitect!re a" can#e$ te perception o% arcitect" an$ $e"i#ner" &it re#ar$" to $e"i#n tra$ition an$ innovation' Te lin(a#e )et&een t&o e*i"tin# concept" i" no& )ein# re#ar$e$ an$ con"i$ere$ a" part o% a pro#re""ive an$ creative proce""' Ti" "+"tem o% tin(in# a" )een m!c in%l!ence$ even )+ non-arcitect!ral &riter" "!c a" Toma" K!n an$ Geor#e K!)ler' Livin# at te "ame perio$, )ot &riter" ave pro$!ce$ teir mo"t important &or(" &ic are te -Te Str!ct!re o% Scienti%ic Revol!tion". an$ -Te Sape o% Time. re"pectivel+' Even to!# )ot &riter" a$$re"" $i%%erent perception on $e"i#n $evelopment, te+ ave $eepl+ $i"co!r"e$ an$ a$$re""e$ te pro%o!n$ a"pect" an$ relation"ip o% tra$ition, innovationan$ can#e' In te article, Toma" K!n a" %oc!"e$ on te concept o% -/ara$i#m.' To!#, te a!tor o% te article a" a""e""e$ i" &or( an$ a" )een certain tat neiter o% K!n0" (e+ concept" an$ $e%inition o% para$i#m i" clearl+ $e%ine$, t!" va#!e an$ can lea$ to mi"!n$er"tan$in#' To clearl+ interpret i" i$ea, Mar#aret Ma"terman, &rote in er paper namel+ -Te Nat!re o% /ara$i#m, tat "e a" %o!n$ t&ent+ one $i%%erent !"eo% term in K!n0" &or( an$ it can )e cate#ori1e$ into tree )a"ic i$ea %rom te mo"t a)"tract to te mo"t concrete' Fir"t o% ti" i" te mo"t a)"tract, &erein te !"a#e o% /ara$i#m can )e $e%ine$ a" a "et o% )elie% or a m+t' At te ne*t level, te !"a#e o% para$i#m i" $e%ine$ a" a "et o% political in"tit!tion" or a 2!$icial $eci"ion' La"tl+, te mo"t concrete o% all, te para$i#m &a" !"e$ a" an act!al &or( or even a "et o% tool"'Tran"%ormation in perception an$ innovation i" one o% te emer#in# $evelopment" in arcitect!ral teorie"' Accor$in# to Toma" K!n, a "cienti"t an$ a pilo"oper, "cienti"t" ave %aile$ to !n$er"tan$ te $evelopment o% a teor+' He ar#!e" tat &e cannot "tart %rom notin#, in"tea$ a mo$el a" a re%erence or a "o!rce tat can )e $evelopin# into anoter con$ition' He oppo"e$ tat a revol!tionar+ "cience $oe" not $epen$ on te teor+ alone )!t al"o &it accor$ance o% mo$el", "cienti%ic accompli"ment" in "ome %orm o% e*periment" tat "erve$ a" in"piration in $i"coverin# teorie"'Intelater part o% tearticle, K!n"tarte$to!"etetermpara$i#m!n$erarti%act or con"tr!ct para$i#m"' In ti" pa"e, "cienti%ic re"earcer" &o "areacommon intellect!al %rame&or( calle$ a para$i#m or a $i"ciplinar+ matri*' He0" tr+in# toen#a#e!"in"olvin#p!11le"tro&n!p)+anomalie")et&een&at tepara$i#mpre$ict" an$ &at i" e*po"e$ )+ "t!$+ or e*perimentation' U"!all+, te anomalie" arere"olve$ eiter )+ incremental can#e" to te para$i#m or )+ %in$in# o)"ervational orinve"ti#ationalerror' Ti" i" to re%er not onl+ to te e*i"tin# "cienti%ic acievement a"$e"cri)e$, )!t to te &ole #ro!p o% meto$", pro)lem", teoretical pilo"op+,metap+"ical a""!mption", concept", an$ eval!ative principle" tat are pre"ent to "ome$e#ree or oter in an e*emplar' In te relation to te principle, te !"e o% "!c mo$el"are applie$ to )e a)le to prove te "+"tem' He al"o trie" to involve te $i"ciplinar+matri* tat i" %i*e$, permittin# te emer#in# #eneration o% p!11le-"ol!tion", &erea" in arevol!tion o% "cience, te $i"ciplinar+ matri* #o tro!# variation", in or$er to allo& tere"!lt o% te more "erio!" incon"i"tent p!11le" tat $i"t!r)e$ te prece$in# perio$ o%normal "cience' Ti" "tr!ct!re con"tit!te" te %!n$amental a""!mption" o% te $i"ciplinea)o!t o& re"earc in tat manner "o!l$ )e con$!cte$ a" &ell a" &at con"tit!te" a#oo$"cienti%ic e*planation'We )elieveto K!n&erein e "tate$ tatte "en"eo%para$i#m a" a $i"ciplinar+ matri* i" le"" %!n$amental tat te "en"e o% para$i#m i" 2!"te*emplar' E*emplar &ic i" )a"icall+ $e%ine" )+ e*ample te element" in te%rame&or( tat con"tit!te" te $i"ciplinar+ matri*'Te pro)lemi", can K!n0" para$i#m" elp !" to !n$er"tan$ "cienti%ic$evelopment3 We concl!$e tat K!n a$ !"e$ te &or$ /ara$i#m at lea"t t&ent+-"i*$i%%erent &a+"'K!n trie$ to "impli%+ or ma(e clear ti" in i" a$$en$!m an$ tal(e$ o% a$i"ciplinar+ matri*'Te matri* al"o implicate$ a""!rance to a metap+"ical mo$el, one&ic come" %rom "omeplace oter tan $irect o)"ervation o% te !manit+'A "econ$4!alit+ o% a matri* tat &a" $i"c!""e$ clearl+ i" "are$ val!e" "!c a" to"e !"e$ tocritic pre$iction"'Tir$l+, K!n "ai$ tat te para$i#m a" comm!nal e*ample &a" temo"t ori#inal an$lea"t !n$er"too$a"pect o% i")oo(' He"!)"tit!te"te&or$5e*emplar"0 in te a$$en$!m, an$ e*plain" tem a" "ort o% "!pport e*ample or i""!e"tat a "t!$ent learn" in or$er to #o on an$ ma(e %!rter relation"ip", )eca!"e e can"ee a ne& pro)lem a" li(e a pro)lem alrea$+ enco!ntere$' E*emplar" #ive "t!$ent"temean"to!n$er"tan$a-time-te"te$an$#ro!p-licen"e$&a+o% "eein#.' Te$i"ciplinar+ matri*, a(a para$i#m, i" te total o% a $i"cipline, o% a "cienti%ic comm!nit+'We can "ee tat K!n0" $i"ciplinar+ matri* ma(e" "en"e to lin(e$ "ol!tion" in tecom)ination o% tra$itionan$ innovation,a" te para$i#m or $i"ciplinar+ matri*, K!nre2ecte$ te &a+ revol!tion &a" perceive$, e claim" tat normal "cience i" "!cce""%!lin ma(in# $evelopment i% tere i" a "tron# commitment or en#a#ement in te relevant"cienti%ic comm!nit+, teir "are" teoretical )elie%", val!e", in"tr!ment" an$tecni4!e", an$ even metap+"ic"' It i" li(e o& te Intram!ro", Manila a$apt" to tepre"ent' Ho&it emer#eit"arcitect!retro!#te$eca$e' 6ein#te&alle$cit+,Intram!ro" i" (no&n %or te cla""ic arcitect!ral %eat!re" o% it" "tr!ct!re"' 6ein# omeo% te m!"e!m", cla""ical c!rce" an$ re"ta!rant", Intram!ro" i" (no&n a" one o% teerita#e "ite" i% te co!ntr+' Te &alle$ cit+ contin!e" to $evelop )!t "till carrie" &it itte "tor+ o% te pa"t' Havin# mo$ern )!il$in# &it incorporatin# te cla""ical %eat!re"tat elp it )len$ &it te "!rro!n$in#"' It i" one o% te )e"t e*ample" in K!n0" &a+ o%"eein#revol!tionorinnovation&ereinit a#ree"tat inor$ertoavea"!cce""%!linnovation, one m!"t loo( or ta(e con"i$eration &at i" in te pa"t or te tra$ition a" it i"te one &o "ape$ an$ mol$e$ &at no& e*i"t", +o! 2!"t a$$ anoter %eat!re to it tean$ root o% &ere it came %rom i" "till tere "omeo& "till relevant to &at e*i"t )e%ore'Accor$in# to 7o+ce 6ro$"(+, a contin!in# element or teor+ %ollo&" te )eavior o% acertain principle &ere it lea$" to can#e in perception, )elie%" an$ (no&le$#e, a%ter!n$er#oin# can#e", te contin!in# element "top" &erein $i"contin!it+ ta(e" place' In$e"i#nin#an$plannin#in Arcitect!re,proce""i"am!"t e"peciall+iti"a)roa$%iel$' /ara$i#m"pla+ an importantrole in comin# !p &it$e"i#n"ol!tion"%orarcitect!re'Oter prominent arcitect" li(e Le 8or)!"ier, /ilip 7on"on, Mie" 9an $er Roe,Eero Saarinen an$ oter" e*ploite$ tra$itional perception a" te+ !tili1e$ teircompo"ition" in )!il$in# "tr!ct!re"' So ten I, po"itivel+ corre"pon$ on teir )elie%" a"te+ appl+ tra$itional i$ea" in mo$ellin# a )!il$in# &ere te+ "o&e$ alle#iance' Forin"tance, Le 8or)!"ier !"e$ /alla$ian prece$ent", )e"i$e", te Mo$!lor' Mie" van $erRoe &a" in %avo!r o% /alla$ian centri"m an$ oter neo-cla""ical e*pre""ion" o% "taticor$er' Wile /ilip 7on"on, Eero Saarinen an$ oter" al"o contri)!te$ e*emplar" tat%ollo&e$ te t&o ma"ter", %irml+ e"ta)li"in# te no& %amiliar International St+le' T!",te"e &ell-(no&n arcitect", a" &e o)"erve$,applie$ ne& per"pective" an$ i$ea" increatin# tra$itional "tr!ct!re" %or !" to vi"!ali1e ne& appearance" an$ e*pre""ion"'Tere%ore, &e certainl+ a#ree tat com)inin# tra$ition an$ innovation &o!l$ )e acreative proce"" tat &o!l$ contri)!te a lot in o!r %!t!re' Some arcitect" no&a$a+"contin!all+ to appl+ "!c meto$ "o&in# te com)ination o% tra$itional an$ innovativearcitect!re'For in"tance, Arc' Franci"coMano"a,&o!"e"ti""imilar meto$o% arcitect!re'From i" Filipino in"pire$ arcitect!ral $e"i#n",e "o&" tat com)inin# tra$itional an$innovative arcitect!re can )rin# a )ri#t %!t!reontearcitect!ral$e"i#n" inte/ilippine"'Inconcl!"ion, ti"meto$pro$!ce"$i%%erentan$ne&e*pre""ionino!r vi"ion' T!", ti"meto$ i" con"i$ere$ a" te a)"tract o% te pa"tan$ (no&n a" te mo"t "!cce""%!l incontemporar+ arcitect!re' 6+ loo(in# at te%i#!re" on te le%t, "trate#icall+ incorporatin# tetra$itional arcitect!re &it te mo$ern "t+lecan )e e""ential to a certain arcitect!ral "t+le'One#reat e*amplei"teinnovation%romtetra$itionaltukodor $ia#onal "tr!t" to teMano"a0" "i#nat!re an#le$ &in$o&"' An#le$&in$o&" are #reat a$aptation to te tropicalenvironment %or it $enie" e*ce""ive "!nli#t an$eat +et "till promote" a $ecent amo!nt o%$a+li#t' An#le$&in$o&"areimplemente$onmo"t o% Mano"a0" pro2ect" li(e te :lan# Lanean$te8ampanillaLane&ic)otpro2ect"mo$ern"t+le arcitect!re'Wea#reetat K!na$apte$$i"ciplinar+matri*&ic"a+"tat tra$itionan$innovationa"it"common#ro!n$, commoni$ea&ill revolve$tolin(e$"ol!tion"'Figure 1: Traditional tukod used on early Philippine architectureFigure 2: Manosa reinvented the tukod for windows as diagonal struts and applied it tohis signature angled windows to prevent directed sunlight on coming inTra$itional para$i#m"areli(epa"t, +o!cannot #oon&ittepre"ent an$%!t!re&ito!t (no&in# te pa"t' Same #oe" &it te tra$ition' At "ome point, +o! &ill nee$ toloo( at te "tan$ar$ a$ )a"i" i% te pa"t para$i#m"; Tra$ition in te oter an$, &en+o! #et a para$i#m %rom te tra$ition an$ #et a para$i#m %rom innovation 5ne&0 i$ea"tenpro)lem"olvin#an$"ol!tion"&ill appearnat!rall+an$it &ill pro$!cem!ltiplei$ea"' Innovation &ill al&a+" )e in%l!ence$ )+ tra$ition' -Te ne& para$i#m retain" m!c o% &at &a" !"e%!l in te ol$ one, )!t "et" it&itin a )roa$er an$ more incl!"ive %rame&or(.' 7!"t loo(in# at contemporar+arcitect!re, o& arcitect" $e"i#ne$ teir )!il$in#" &a" in%l!ence$ )+ te le#en$rie"'Ho& teir &in$o&" loo( li(e an$ o& teir plan" are or#ani1e$'DISAGREE ON FORM-LINKED SOLUTIONS TOWARDS THE FUTURETe F!t!re< Te -"olve-it-all. mi"conception o% Innovation" an$ Tra$ition" -The best way to predict the future is to design it.. Ti" i" a "tatement %rom te mo$erni"t arcitect, 6!c(min"ter F!ller' He i" a "!cce""%!l planner in te conte*t o% a$$in# $e%inition an$ at te "ame time, re$e%inin# te e""ence o% arcitect!re, )ot in "apin# man an$ te "ociet+ tro!# %orm-lin(e$ "ol!tion" tat innovate i" approac in$e"i#nin# "pace"' Form-lin(e$ "ol!tion" are )a"icall+ innovative an$ %orm-)a"e$ i$ea" tat aim" to "olve pro)lem" an$ i""!e" tat ari"e" in te mo$ern conte*t' Te concept o% "!c "ol!tion" emplo+" can#e on te "tr!ct!re o% te "ol!tion it"el% in or$er to provi$e a ne& per"pective in a$$re""in# ne& pro)lem"' Several teorie" an$ propo"ition" ave )een $evelope$ in or$er to $e%ine an$ "cr!tini1e te concept o% innovation an$ it" implication" to&ar$" %o"terin# comm!nal an$ "ocietal "ta)ilit+' Ho&ever "everal ar#!ment" are critical eno!# to pro$!ce ontolo#ical "tatement" tat "arpl+ in%l!ence" te perception o% innovation in te )!ilt environment' On te oter an$, te role o% tra$ition i" inar#!a)l+ a critical $eterminant in in$icatin# te approac o% te "ol!tion in te conte*t o% te "en"itivit+ an$ pre"ervin# te c!lt!re an$ genus loci o% te place' It i" a con"i$eration e"peciall+ on innovation re#ar$in# in$!"triali1ation, &ere tra$ition &ill al&a+" )e a%%ecte$' Te relation"ip )et&een tra$ition an$ innovation are vital component" tat &ill $etermine te "tr!ct!re o% te %!t!re' Toma" K!n an$ Geor#e K!)ler, amon# oter pilo"oper" an$ teori"t, ave ma$e an impactin ti" pro"pect' Te+ ave "et te pioneerin# $e%inition o% &at it ta(e" %or an innovation to appen' 6!t re#ar$le"" o% teir cre$i)ilit+, $oe" tra$ition an$ innovation reall+ #ive" )irt o% a "!"taina)le %!t!re or it0" 2!"t a %allacio!" mi"conception in or$er to ma(e an e*c!"a)le acco!nt to create "ometin# ne& an$ prove te $e"i#ner0" pro%icienc+ in i" %iel$ o% e*perti"e3 Doe" innovation in$!ce "en"itivit+ to te tra$ition3 I" te %!t!re reall+ $e%ine$ )+ te"e t&o component"3 Toma" K!n, a pilo"oper $!rin# te mo$ern perio$, a" ma$e a controver"+ in i" )oo(, The Structure of Scientific Revolution' He claim" tat innovation" are pro$!ce$ tro!# te anomalie" tat lie" on te pre"ent para$i#m' I% &e0ll %ollo& te po"t!late o% imper%ection" o% ever+ "ol!tion an$ it" ina)ilit+ to provi$e all te an"&er", &e can "a+ tat innovation" &ill al&a+" )e perpet!al an$ in$e%inite in it" pa"e, t!" elpin# to "olve e*i"tin# pro)lem" an$ at te "ame time, pro$!ce ne& pro)lem"' In K!n0" point o% vie&, te main mi"conception tat planner" an$ "cienti"t come" into, i" te total reliance on teorie" an$ not cr!ciall+ loo(in# on it" ori#in" an$ %ail!re to $evelop concrete analo#ie"' Ti" intellect!al $epen$ence lea$" to va#!e innovation" an$ pro$!ce" more con%lict"' Form-lin(e$ "ol!tion" o!t o% $epen$ence on teorie" &ill never )e "en"i)le eno!# to e%%icientl+ "olve te pre"ent i""!e"' I% &e nee$ to #o )ac( to o!r ori#in", ten &e can ave an a""!mption on te concept o% tra$ition a" o!r prime "o!rce o% innovation' Tra$ition i" te concept o% ori#inalit+ an$ pec!liarit+ o% a certain comm!nit+ tat "et" it apart %rom oter comm!nitie"' It i" o%ten caracteri1e$ )+ a $i"tinct c!lt!re an$ it i" "ape$ )+ te "it!ation" tat te comm!nit+ #et" involve$ over time' I% te"e tra$ition" &ill )e te )a"i"o% o!r mo$el, tere i" a #reater pro)a)ilit+ tat innovation" an$ %orm-lin(e$ "ol!tion" &o!l$ ave it" more tan#i)le "o!rce o% cre$i)ilit+' Moreover, #iven te $i%%erent p+"ical "ite an$ con$itional $i%%erence", te"e tra$ition" &o!l$ al"o ave certain circ!m"tance" =$!rin# to"e time"> tat "peci%icall+ "ape$ te %rame&or( o% te tra$ition it"el%' I% &e &o!l$ never )e certain o% to"e circ!m"tance", ten &e &ill never ave a per%ect analo#+ to $evelop t!", &e &ill never ave te mo"t concrete "ol!tion" to ever+ pro)lem"' I% ti" concept ol$" tr!e to ever+tin#, ten innovation" an$ con%lict" &ill )e perpet!al an$ the future will never become the future that we might expect.One e*ample i" te pre"ent "it!ation o% Intram!ro"'8ent!r+-ol$ &all" ma+ not ave $ilapi$ate$ $!e to pre"ervation )+ te a$mini"tration )!t it $oe"n0t elp to te prevalence o% !r)an "pra&l in"i$e te i"toric $i"trict' Te innovation tat a" )een $one to$a+ i" te renovation an$ retro%ittin# o% te neo-i"panic )!il$in#" in"i$e intram!ro"' On te oter an$, ti" priorit+ a" le%t te a$mini"tration to i#nore te !r)an re"i$ential conte*t an$ te i"toric inte#rit+ o% intram!ro"' 6ein# "en"i)le to tra$ition $oe" not totall+ incorporate a "en"i)le "ol!tion' Te $i"trict0" "it!ation onl+ concern" te tan#i)le an$ concrete e*emplar" )+ &ic te vie&er" an$ !"er" )ene%it", !"in# te pla"ter" an$ oter arcitect!ral "(in" to $evelop a %ra!$ %ronta#e to ma(e i"toric $i"trict, i"toric' F!rtermore, anoter concept ave in%l!ence$ on o!r perception on innovation' Te concept o% K!)leron innovation lie" on it" $+namic mo$el o% can#e an$ mo$i%ication o% %orm' He interpret" tat innovation i" $!e to can#e in pattern, t!" pro$!cin# a ne& one' Ti" i" $evelope$ tro!# $ri%t, noi"e, an$?or inter%erence' In K!)ler0" point o% vie& , mo$i%+in# "ometin# &ill event!all+ can#e it0" "tr!ct!ral con%i#!ration to!# it $oe"n0t remove te %act tat te ori#in0" core i" "till tere' Ti" propo"ition &a" oppo"e$ )+ 7o+ce 6ro$"(+, &o "tate" tat innovation i" te #ra$!al revealin# a" "ta+in# clo"e in revealin# te real pattern , an$ not nece""aril+ creatin# a ne& pattern , &ic $i"place" te ol$' Over time, "e $evelope$ a concept &ic oppo"e$ K!)ler0" point o% vie&' Se tran"late$ K!)ler0" opinion into te i$ea o% contin!it+ an$ $i"contin!it+' For 6ro$"(+, contin!it+ an$ $i"contin!it+ are nat!ral penomena tat occ!rin te )!ilt an$ nat!ral environment' Ever+ pro)lem tri##er" te nee$ %or a ne& "ol!tion tat in te lon# r!n , &ill pro$!ce %!t!re con%lict"' In ti" lo#ical "en"e, te concept o% caine$ reaction pro$!ce" "ocietal in"ta)ilit+' One e*ample on ti" concept i" )e"t ill!"trate$ on te con"ec!tive pattern" on Marco"ian 6r!tali"m arcitect!ral "t+le an$ te 9ernac!lar Filipino concept )+ oter arcitect" "!c a" Mano"a' D!rin# te @ABC", 6r!tali"t )!il$in#" $ominate" te /ilippine", creatin# a "tron# caracter on te nationalconte*t' Ti" innovation "olve" te concern on te lac( o% i$entit+ o% Filipino arcitect!re' S!c arcitect!ral "t+le tat &a" applie$ on convention center" al"o $evelope$ a "en"e o% "ocial involvement o% Filipino" on te Glo)al /lat%orm , #ainin# m!ltiple inve"tor" $!rin# tat time' 6!t i$entit+ i" not 2!"t te pro)lem $!rin# tat time' On te DCt cent!r+, 8limate can#e )e#an to "pro!t a" an alarm %or $e"i#ner" an$ planner" ali(e to alter teir pro#rammatic "ol!tion to&ar$" arcitect!ral innovation' Ti" ne& pro)lem $i"contin!e$ te !"e o% )r!tali"t arcitect!re )!t it $oe"n0t$i"place te importance an$ te contri)!tion o% te ra& concrete )!il$in#" to&ar$" arcitect!ral $i"tinction an$ innovation' Until to$a+, vernac!lar an$ "!"taina)le arcitect!re i" "till prevalent "ince te i""!e on climate can#e i" not +et re"olve$' I% &e tr+ to %ollo& 7o+ce 6ro$"(+0" concept o% can#e' Te tr!e e""ence o% arcitect!ral pattern i" adaptation. Re#ar$le"" o% &at &e &ant to $o a" $e"i#ner", &e0ll al&a+" $e"i#n to a$apt an$ to re"pon$ to te nee$" o% te !"er" an$ )roa$l+, o% te "ociet+' In a n!t"ell, innovation an$ tra$ition "i#ni%icantl+ contri)!te to te $evelopment o% "ol!tion to te pro)lem" in te "ociet+ )!t on te conte*t o% %!t!re, te"e t&o component" al"o pla+ a role in pro$!cin# ne& pro)lem", t!" provi$in# !" a $i%%erent variation o% -%!t!re.' I% te %!t!re tat &e are pertainin# i" avin# te Utopian i$eolo#+ o% a per%ect "ociet+, it &ill never come tr!e' Ti" concept ol$" tr!e on all tin#", #iven te caine$ reaction" amon# "it!ation" tat pro$!ce$ te pre"ent "ociet+' Em)racin# te "ocietal con$ition an$ te !n$erl+in# pro)lem" i" te (e+ in or$er to appreciate te %!t!re' Te %!t!re tat &e "o!l$ e*pect m!"t not )e "ometin# tat0" %ree %rom pro)lem )!t rater, it "o!l$ )e "ometin# &ere innovation, tra$ition , an$ c!lt!re &ill learn to live to#eter, perpet!all+ re"olvin# te nat!ral $i"or$er tat e*i"t"'