AGRICHEMICAL POISONS
i. Organo phosphorous comp
ii. Chlorinate compounds eg ddt. endriniii. Coal-tar product naphthalene.iv. Herbicide -paraquetv. Metallic compounds aluminium, zinc
phosphide
Aryl phosphates
Alkyl phosphates
ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS
i. Aryl phosphates ii.Alkyl phosphates
A. ALKYL Phosphates . Malathion
. Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
. Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide (OMPA)
B. ARYL Phosphates
i. Parathion (Folidol)
ii. Diazinon (Tik-20)
Mode of Action: Poisoning occurs from
a. Inhalation
b. Ingestion
c. Absorption through unbroken skin
Powerful inhibitors of cholinesterase
1.Myoneural junctions
2.Synapses of ganglions
Accumulation of Ach, hyperexcitation of
1. Voluntary Muscles
2. Involuntary muscles
Signs & Symptoms:
The effects are
a.Muscarine like
b.Nicotine like
c.On CNS
MUSCARINE LIKE EFFECTS
i. Respiratory System:
a. Tightness & wheeze in chest.
b. Excessive secretion, pain in chest, dyspnoea, cough, pulmonary oedema, froth from the mouth and nose
c. Symptoms like asthma
ii. GIT:
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia abdominal cramps, diarrhea
iii. Sweat, lacrimal & salivary glands: Increased secretions
iv. Heart: Bradycardiav. Pupils: Miosisvi. Urinary Bladder: Frequency of
micturation, involuntary micturation
SLUD
The prominent symptoms are SLUD
i. Salivation
ii. Lacrimation
iii. Urination
iv. Dafaecation
II. NICOTINE LIKE EFFECTS
i. Striated muscles: Easy fatigue,
cramps, weakness of muscles of
respiration with dyspnoea & cyanosis
ii. Sympathetic ganglia: pallor,increased
BP
iii. ON CNS
i. Irritability
ii. Restlessness
iii. Fibrillary tremors
iv. Mental confusions & coma
v. Coma with depression of circulatory &
respiratory centres
Chromogenic tears
Red tears may be shed due to
accumulation of porphyrin in
lacrimal glands
TREATMENT1. Decontamination:
Dr. & paramedical staff should wear rubber gloves.
a. The pt is removed from the area & remove all contaminated clothes.
b. The exposed areas are washed with water, soap or mild alkaline sol.
c. Stomach should be washed with or without KMno4
2.Care of Airways
i. Foot end of the patient is raised
ii. Aspiration of secretions
iii. Sometime tracheostomy
iv. Artificial respiration if required
a. Atropine blocks the peripheral
(muscarinic) action of the excessive
acetyl choline but central neuromuscular
actions are unaffected. It is administered
2mg I/v or I/m every 15-30 minutes till
signs of atropinisation occurs. Maximum
dose 12 mg.
3. Antidotes
b. Cholinesterase Reactivators:
Oxime compounds, protopam
(Pralidoxime chloride), pralidoxine
iodide & PAM (Pyridine Aldoxy
methiodate).. Dose 1-2 gm I/v, 25-50mg/
kg for children.
4. Diuretic
5. Barbiturates,Dizepam
PM appearance
. Kerosine like smell
. Demylination of ascending and
descending spinal tracts,degene-
-ration of motor horn cells
MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT
i. They resist putrefaction & can be detected in exhumed body.
ii. They are used as pesticides vermicides, rodenticides, so easily available & used for suicide.
iii. Accidental cases occur in workers, working infield, handling with sprayed fruit.
ii. CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS
• They are synthetised from dichloropropene (DD). The important poisons in this group are D.D.T, endrin, gammexane, dieldrin.
Endrin:
• Most toxic
• Chlorinated
• Called ‘plant penicillin’
Structure of Endrin
Signs and Symptoms
Toxic effects are due to inhalation,skin contamination,ingestion.•Salivation•Vomiting,abdo pain•Tremors,convulsions•Dysponea•Fine white froth
PARAQUAT (Gramoxone)
Sprayed on unwanted weeds Inactivated when in contact with
soil Signs/symptoms: Irritant to all epithelial tissues Eroded lips,mouth,esop. Blood stained vomiting & stools Liver damage
ALMUNIUM PHOSPHIDE: Pesticide/rodenticide Used in dowry deaths Toxic effects are due to liberation of
phosphine gas when Al.phosphide
comes in contact with gastric juice
