Agricultural EngineeringAgriscience Applications

By: Johnny M. Jessup

FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher

Safety AwarenessSafety is being prepared since almost

50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery & equipment.

Safety is developing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury.

Safety Awareness The #1 key to shop

safety is the people who use the shop.

Workers should always…. Be trained in proper

tool operations. Pass a safety test

before using the shop.

Principles for SafetyKeep the shop in an orderly manner to

prevent tripping and related injuries.Remove unnecessary hazards such

as oily rags.Minimize danger by making certain all

machines have safety shields to place prior to an during operation.

Principles for SafetyWear appropriate protective clothing

& devices. Safety glasses & goggles prevent eye

injury from dust and flying objects. Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection

should items be dropped or fall on the feet. Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing

loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels).

Safety Color CodingNational organizations worked together.Code was published by the….

American Society of Agricultural Engineers Safety Committee of the American

Vocational Association Color coding alerts people to dangers &

hazards, provides information to help one react quickly in an emergency.

Basic ColorsRed

Identifies areas of danger. Used on safety switches & fire

extinguishers. Danger

Basic ColorsOrange

Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs. Warning

Basic ColorsYellow

Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that adjust or control machines.

Caution

Basic ColorsBlue

Used on signs such as “Out of order” to identify broken shop equipment that does not work properly.

Information

Basic ColorsGreen

Indicates the presence of first aid and safety equipment.

Safety

Fire Hazards in the Agricultural

Mechanics Shop

The Fire TriangleFuel

Any combustible material that will burn

Examples: Oily rags Saw dust Paper

The Fire TriangleHeat

Most materials will burn if they are made hot enough.

The Fire TriangleOxygen

Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn.

The Fire Triangle

Fire PreventionTake away one of the components of

the fuel triangle and fire will not start or will stop if it has started.

Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire prevention technique.

Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of fire.

Fire ExtinguishersKnow the kind of fire extinguisher that is

used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire. Class A is used for ordinary combustibles. Class B is used for flammable liquids. Class C is used for electrical equipment. Class D is used for combustible metals.

DCBA

Fire Extinguishers Know the placement of

fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for them if a fire occurs.

Should be hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur.

Using Fire Extinguishers Know how to use the fire extinguisher.

Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever. The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward

the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.

Smothering a Fire Best used on a

person whose clothes are on fire.

Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen off to the fire.

Planning Agricultural Engineering Projects

Instruments for Simple Designs Sharp Lead Pencil

Needed for the highest quality scale drawing. Protractor

Used for drawing & measuring angles. Good Eraser

Helps makes corrections without distorting the image.

12 inch Ruler Works for basic drawing.

Compass Used for drawing circles & arches.

Instruments for Detailed Designs

Drawing Board Used for attaching the drawing paper.

Masking Tape Used to secure the drawing paper to the

drawing board.T-Square

Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.

Instruments for Detailed Designs Right Triangle

30o x 60o x 40o

Used to draw vertical lines.

Scale Instrument with all increments shortened

according to proportion. Two Types

Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler. Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.

Basics of DrawingSketch

Rough drawing that is not to scale. Sketches do not have dimensions

included.Pictorial Drawing

Shows all three sides dimensions at once. All three views (front, side (end), and top

are in view.

A Pictorial Drawing

A. Top view

B. Side or End view

C. Front view

Basics of Drawing Scale drawing

Represents an object in exact proportion. Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself. Examples: ¼” = 1’

Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object.

2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object. (2 divided by ¼ = 8)

The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn.

Determining MaterialsBill of Materials

Complete list and description of all materials needed to construct a project.

Abbreviations are often used. BF= Board foot LF= Linear foot

Determining Board Feet Determining board feet for small pieces.

BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches)

144

Determining board feet for large pieces.

BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet) 12

Determining Board Feet How many board feet are in a board

4” x 6” x 24”?

BF = 4” x 6” x 24” = 576” = 1 BF 144 144

How many board feet are in a board 1” x 12” x 8’?

BF = 1” x 12” x 8’ = 96 = 8 BF 12 12

Basic Construction Projects Tips

Wood ProjectsFastest way to fasten wood is by

nailing. Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred

tools for driving nails.Screws hold better than nails and are

driven quickly with power screwdrivers. Flathead screw is the one most used

in woodworking.

Wood Projects Bolts are particularly useful for

fastening wood at high stress points. Gluing is the strongest method of

fastening wood. Often used along with nails, screws, etc. Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps.

Dowel pins are round wood pins sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.

Metal Projects Steel

Most commonly used metal in agricultural mechanics.

Marking Steel Presents a special

problem as pencil marks do not show up well.

Soapstone Soft, gray rock. Cut into thin pieces

resembling pencils. Shows up well on

most metals.

Cutting Metal Hack Saw

Hand tool most often used for cutting metal.

Especially useful for cutting thin conduit.

Metal Cutting Band Saw & Power Hacksaws May be used for large

projects.

Careers

CareersAttracts students interested in

operation, maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural equipment.

Varied careers in Production support such as Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler, Agriculture Safety Engineer.

CareersCareers also in horticulture such as

irrigation engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture Equipment designer.

Education varies with the type of Agriscience mechanics career chosen and working conditions.

Broad field includes agricultural processing.

CareersElectricians design & wire agricultural

equipment structures.

Careers Use of engineering

equipment like levels & tripods to survey, layoff, and construct terraces.

Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.

Careers Diesel mechanics are

in demand because….. Of the large amounts of

diesel powered equipment.

Builders of structures & equipment.

Designed By:Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor

Hobbton High School