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Agriculture and Rural Transformation: Highlights of an innovation systems approach to a complex problem Monty P. Jones FARA Executive Secretary Expert Group Meeting on Agriculture and Rural Transformation 23-25 April, 2007 ECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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8/6/2019 Agriculture and Rura

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/agriculture-and-rura 1/22

Agriculture and Rural Transformation:

Highlights of an innovation systems approach

to a complex problem

Monty P. JonesFARA Executive Secretary

Expert Group Meeting on Agriculture andRural Transformation

23-25 April, 2007

ECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

8/6/2019 Agriculture and Rura

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CAADP: the African response 

Four PillarsFour Pillars

Pillar 1Pillar 1

land & water mgtland & water mgt

Pillar 3Pillar 3

Increasing foodIncreasing food

supply & reducingsupply & reducing

hunger hunger 

Pillar 4Pillar 4

Agricultural research, technology dissemination & adoptionAgricultural research, technology dissemination & adoption

•Integrated natural resource management • Adoptive management of appropriate germplasm•Development of sustainable market chains

•Policies for sustainable agriculture

Pillar 2Pillar 2

Rural infrastructure &Rural infrastructure &

trade-related capacitiestrade-related capacities

for market accessfor market access

Fostering Agricultural Transformation for Food Security,

Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Africa

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The framework for African agricultural

productivity (FAAP)Endorsed by the 7th Ordinary Session of the

 Assembly of Heads of States & Governments

calling on African member states and RECsto realign agricultural productivity programs to FAAP  

CAADP

C

AADP

6%

g

rowt

6%

g

row

t

4

4

Prioritize activities with highestPrioritize activities with highest

potential topotential to

impact productivity:impact productivity:

- Capacity weaknessCapacity weakness

- Insufficient end-user involvementInsufficient end-user involvement

- Ineffective farmer support systemsIneffective farmer support systems- Systematic fragmentation amongSystematic fragmentation among

innovation systems elementsinnovation systems elements

- Fragmented external supportFragmented external support

- Inadequate investment in ARDInadequate investment in ARD

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FAAP:

promoting African agricultural innovation

farmer farmer 

1. Evolution & reform of agricultural1. Evolution & reform of agriculturalinstitutions & servicesinstitutions & services

   3 .    A    l    i  g 

   n  e   d

    &   c  o  o   r   d

    i   n   a   t

  e   d     f    i   n   a   n

  c    i   a    l 

   s   u   p   p  o   r   t

   3 .    A    l    i  g 

   n  e   d

    &   c  o  o   r   d

    i   n   a   t

  e   d     f    i   n   a   n

  c    i   a    l    s   u

   p   p  o   r   t

2    .  I    n   c   r   e   a   s   i    n    g    t    h   e    s   c   

a   l    e    o   f     A   f    r   i    c   a   ’    s    

2    .  I    n   c   r   e   a   s   i    n    g    t    h   e    s   c   a   

l    e    o   f     A   f    r   i    c   a   ’    s    

i    n   v   e   s   t    m   

e   n   t     

i    n   v   e   s   t    m   

e   n   t     

Extension, research, training & educationExtension, research, training & education

A   f    r   i    

c   a   n    c   o  

u   n   t    r   i    e   s   ,   p   

r   i    v   a   t    e    s  e   c   t    o  

r    

A   f    r   i    

c   a   n    c   o  

u   n   t    r   i    e   s   ,   p   

r   i    v   a   t    e    s  e   c   t    o  

r    

    D  e   v

  e    l  o

   p   m  e   n   t    a  g 

  e   n  c    i  e   s ,      i

   n   t    ’    l 

    D  e   v

  e    l  o

   p   m  e   n   t    a  g 

  e   n  c    i  e   s ,      i

   n   t    ’    l 

    f    i   n   a   n

  c    i   n  g 

     i   n   s   t    i   t   u

   t    i  o   n   s

    f    i   n   a   n

  c    i   n  g 

     i   n   s   t    i   t   u

   t    i  o   n   s

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FAAP interventions

African UnionAfrican Union

MinisterialMinisterial

meetingmeeting

National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)- Response to market conditions and economic fluctuationsResponse to market conditions and economic fluctuations- Knowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanismsKnowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanisms

- Stakeholder participation in decision makingStakeholder participation in decision making

SubregionalSubregional

(e.g. WAAPP of West Africa & MAPP of Southern Africa)(e.g. WAAPP of West Africa & MAPP of Southern Africa)-use of pluralistic modeluse of pluralistic model

- use principles of subsidiarityuse principles of subsidiarity- cost sharing to achieve economies of scalecost sharing to achieve economies of scale

- coordinated advocacycoordinated advocacy

Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)-Advocacy for investments

-Partnership building

-Exchange of info & learning

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The sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Programmemaryluck36@)yahoo.com

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The key to increasing impact of African agricultureThe key to increasing impact of African agriculture

…lies in institutional innovations and new

agricultural R/D approaches that address

shortcomings of current approaches

Thus, the SSA-CP aims to improve

livelihoods of Africans by promoting

effective partnerships to generate,

adopt and scale up/out appropriate

innovations through a new paradigm –

Integrated Agricultural Research for

Development (IAR4D)

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Why FARA is concerned about approach to ARDWhy FARA is concerned about approach to ARD

• Are largely prescriptive—donot provide for adequateparticipation of all actors to ensurerelevance & foster learning

• Reductionist—not integrated, yetcontext is holistic/ systems

• Not adequately linked with marketsand policy

• Have had some impact but it hasnot matched potential (islands of success)

Traditional R&D approaches are linear:

FARA has responded tocalls for R4D approaches

that overcomeshortcomings of currentapproaches

IAR4D based on

innovation systems:systems approach,iterative/ learning,

 participatory, entirevalue chains

Research Extension Farmer/end user  

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Innovation platformsInnovation platforms

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Stakeholder priority commodities / sector  

African Union

• The Food Security Summit in 2006 requested the AfricanUnion Commission (AUC) to take oversight for thepromotion and protection of;

• rice, legumes, maize, cotton, oil palm, beef , dairy,poultry and fisheries products as strategiccommodities at the continental level,

• while cassava, sorghum and millet were classified assub-regional commodities.

• Focused attention will also be given to products of 

particular national importance 

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DONATA portfolio: A NEPAD flagship technology

Includes:Includes:

• NERICA riceNERICA rice www.warda.orgwww.warda.org

• Tissue culture bananaTissue culture banana www.ahbfi.orgwww.ahbfi.org && www.kari.orgwww.kari.org

• Improved cassavaImproved cassava www.iita.orgwww.iita.org

• IR-Maize for striga infested areasIR-Maize for striga infested areas www.cimmyt.orgwww.cimmyt.org &&www.aftechfound.orgwww.aftechfound.org 

• High-beta carotene sweet potatoHigh-beta carotene sweet potato www.cip.orgwww.cip.org

• TC Sweet PotatoTC Sweet Potato

• Pigeon PeaPigeon Pea

• INRM ToolsINRM Tools

• Dry land pitting (Dry land pitting (African farmer–innovationsAfrican farmer–innovations

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DONATA commodity based technologiesto be scaled-up and out beginning 2007

• ASARECA

– Crops: maize and orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP)– Countries:

Maize = Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, DRC (Phase 1); Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Sudan (Phase 2)

– OFSP = Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi (Phase1);

Ethiopia (Phase 2)

• CORAF/WECARD– Crops: cassava and maize– Countries:

Coastal region - Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire andGuinea.Central African region - Cameroon, Republic of Congo andCentral Africa RepublicSahel region - Senegal, Mali and Burkina Faso

• SADC-FANR (preliminary recommendations)

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DONATA Proposed Strategy 

Field level

• Innovation Platforms for Technology Adoption—IPTAs

 – researchers, extension or advisory services, policy makers, civil society organizations(CSOs) in agriculture ie farmer organizations, private sector or agric-business, NGOs(active involvement of relevant stakeholders)

• Technology Dissemination Pathways

 – Farmer collective action (FCA) – Farmer-to-farmer learning

 – Market led Technology adoption (MTA)

 – Participatory Market Chain approach

• Participatory approaches and Learning tools

 – Participatory Development Approach (PDA) – Participatory Varietal Selection/Participatory Gender User Analysis

(PVS/PRIGA)

 – Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR)

 – Farmer Field Schools

 – Demonstration plots (limited participatory opportunities)

8/6/2019 Agriculture and Rura

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Capacity: NARS ASSESSMENT REPORT

The assessment recommended a combination of strategic options for:

1. improving the impact of African agriculturalresearch, including adoption of holistic andinclusive innovation systems concepts

2. supporting African NARS to make institutionalchanges and strengthen their systems skills

3. creating new directions and mechanisms tostrengthen capacities of NARS in agriculturalscience and research management.

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Strengthening Capacity for Agricultural Research and

Development in Africa (SCARDA) Program Components

Needs analysis; development of 

programme activities; M&E and

communication strategies.

Component 1:Strengthening

competencies and

capacity in agricultural

research management.

Component 2:Strengthening capacity

for professional

development in

agricultural research and

development.

Output 1:Detailed capacity

strengthening

programme.

Output 2:Improved agricultural

research

management systemsand competencies.

Output 3:Improved capacities

of NARS institutions,

scientists andextension agents.

Output 4:Adoption of the

innovation systems

approach to underpinARD.

6 month Inception PhaseThree year Implementation Phase

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BASIC

strengthening capacity to build capacity

LearningmethodsTeaching materials

Case

Studies

African

Universities

(Set priorities

andagendas)

Agricultural

Research Centers

Non-

African

Partner

Improved

teaching,

learning &

institutions

Case

Studies

Case

Studies

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Regional Agricultural Information and Learning System

(RAILS)

• In response to one of the FARA functions aimed at…

 Accelerating sharing and exchange of agricultural knowledge and technologies, and strengthening of 

stakeholders ICT/M capacities

 AARINENA: North African countries AARINENA: North African countries

ASARECAASARECA

 CORAF/WECARDCORAF/WECARD

SADC-FANR SADC-FANR 

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National

focal

National

focal

po

int

po

int

National focal National focal 

 point  point 

N      a     t     i      o    

n     a    

l     

N      a     t     i      o    

n     a    

l     focal

focal

  p     o    

i     n     t     

  p     o    

i     n     t     

 ASARECA: ASARECA:

RAIN RAIN 

 C      O     

R     A     F     

 C      O     

R     A     F     

Northern

Northern

Afr

ica

Afr

ica

SADC/ SADC/ FANR FANR 

Global knowledgeGlobal knowledge

throughthrough

information andinformation and

learninglearning

National focal National focal 

 point  point 

RAILS regional perspective

SRO AISSRO AIS FARA-FARA-

RAILSRAILS

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African Biotechnology and Biosafety Initiative: Stakeholder 

Consultation Results cont’d 

Stakeholders view:

• FARA should play a catalytic role at the regional level,adding value to on-going national and sub-regional levelinitiatives and minimize duplication

• FARA should facilitate:

 – African agricultural biotechnology and biosafety strategy

 – Harmonising biosafety frameworks

 – Information Communication

 –Participation of African delegates in international biotechnologyand biosafety negotiations and treaties

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ABBI Partnerships and linkages

Linkage with the AU-NEPADPanel of Experts and DREA &

HRST biotechnology andbiosafety Steering Committees

Linkage with SROs/RECsbiotechnology and biosafetyinitiatives

Partnership with AfricaBiofortified Sorghum (ABS)project for nutritionalenhancement

Partnership with Public Researchand Regulatory Initiative (PRRI)

Coordinator of the SIST plantbiotechnology thematic group

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Gender and Agricultural Development

• Many African economies are in the hands of women

• Yet, women receive less than 10% of agricultural

extension/advisory service delivery

• Estimates in Kenya suggests that providing the same

level of access to farm inputs and education to women

farmers as men, will result in 20% yield increase

• The focus therefore should be reforms that promotes

excellence and growth in African agriculture

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Conclusion

Gender, excellence and growth underpinned by

innovation systems approach are key missing

potentials in agriculture and rural development.


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