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Agriculture and Rural Transformation:
Highlights of an innovation systems approach
to a complex problem
Monty P. JonesFARA Executive Secretary
Expert Group Meeting on Agriculture andRural Transformation
23-25 April, 2007
ECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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CAADP: the African response
Four PillarsFour Pillars
Pillar 1Pillar 1
land & water mgtland & water mgt
Pillar 3Pillar 3
Increasing foodIncreasing food
supply & reducingsupply & reducing
hunger hunger
Pillar 4Pillar 4
Agricultural research, technology dissemination & adoptionAgricultural research, technology dissemination & adoption
•Integrated natural resource management • Adoptive management of appropriate germplasm•Development of sustainable market chains
•Policies for sustainable agriculture
Pillar 2Pillar 2
Rural infrastructure &Rural infrastructure &
trade-related capacitiestrade-related capacities
for market accessfor market access
Fostering Agricultural Transformation for Food Security,
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Africa
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The framework for African agricultural
productivity (FAAP)Endorsed by the 7th Ordinary Session of the
Assembly of Heads of States & Governments
calling on African member states and RECsto realign agricultural productivity programs to FAAP
CAADP
C
AADP
6%
g
rowt
6%
g
row
t
4
4
Prioritize activities with highestPrioritize activities with highest
potential topotential to
impact productivity:impact productivity:
- Capacity weaknessCapacity weakness
- Insufficient end-user involvementInsufficient end-user involvement
- Ineffective farmer support systemsIneffective farmer support systems- Systematic fragmentation amongSystematic fragmentation among
innovation systems elementsinnovation systems elements
- Fragmented external supportFragmented external support
- Inadequate investment in ARDInadequate investment in ARD
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FAAP:
promoting African agricultural innovation
farmer farmer
1. Evolution & reform of agricultural1. Evolution & reform of agriculturalinstitutions & servicesinstitutions & services
3 . A l i g
n e d
& c o o r d
i n a t
e d f i n a n
c i a l
s u p p o r t
3 . A l i g
n e d
& c o o r d
i n a t
e d f i n a n
c i a l s u
p p o r t
2 . I n c r e a s i n g t h e s c
a l e o f A f r i c a ’ s
2 . I n c r e a s i n g t h e s c a
l e o f A f r i c a ’ s
i n v e s t m
e n t
i n v e s t m
e n t
Extension, research, training & educationExtension, research, training & education
A f r i
c a n c o
u n t r i e s , p
r i v a t e s e c t o
r
A f r i
c a n c o
u n t r i e s , p
r i v a t e s e c t o
r
D e v
e l o
p m e n t a g
e n c i e s , i
n t ’ l
D e v
e l o
p m e n t a g
e n c i e s , i
n t ’ l
f i n a n
c i n g
i n s t i t u
t i o n s
f i n a n
c i n g
i n s t i t u
t i o n s
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FAAP interventions
African UnionAfrican Union
MinisterialMinisterial
meetingmeeting
National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)National (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategies)- Response to market conditions and economic fluctuationsResponse to market conditions and economic fluctuations- Knowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanismsKnowledge sharing, synergies & feedback mechanisms
- Stakeholder participation in decision makingStakeholder participation in decision making
SubregionalSubregional
(e.g. WAAPP of West Africa & MAPP of Southern Africa)(e.g. WAAPP of West Africa & MAPP of Southern Africa)-use of pluralistic modeluse of pluralistic model
- use principles of subsidiarityuse principles of subsidiarity- cost sharing to achieve economies of scalecost sharing to achieve economies of scale
- coordinated advocacycoordinated advocacy
Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)Regional (e.g. FARA regional initiatives)-Advocacy for investments
-Partnership building
-Exchange of info & learning
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The sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Programmemaryluck36@)yahoo.com
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The key to increasing impact of African agricultureThe key to increasing impact of African agriculture
…lies in institutional innovations and new
agricultural R/D approaches that address
shortcomings of current approaches
Thus, the SSA-CP aims to improve
livelihoods of Africans by promoting
effective partnerships to generate,
adopt and scale up/out appropriate
innovations through a new paradigm –
Integrated Agricultural Research for
Development (IAR4D)
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Why FARA is concerned about approach to ARDWhy FARA is concerned about approach to ARD
• Are largely prescriptive—donot provide for adequateparticipation of all actors to ensurerelevance & foster learning
• Reductionist—not integrated, yetcontext is holistic/ systems
• Not adequately linked with marketsand policy
• Have had some impact but it hasnot matched potential (islands of success)
Traditional R&D approaches are linear:
FARA has responded tocalls for R4D approaches
that overcomeshortcomings of currentapproaches
IAR4D based on
innovation systems:systems approach,iterative/ learning,
participatory, entirevalue chains
Research Extension Farmer/end user
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Innovation platformsInnovation platforms
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Stakeholder priority commodities / sector
African Union
• The Food Security Summit in 2006 requested the AfricanUnion Commission (AUC) to take oversight for thepromotion and protection of;
• rice, legumes, maize, cotton, oil palm, beef , dairy,poultry and fisheries products as strategiccommodities at the continental level,
• while cassava, sorghum and millet were classified assub-regional commodities.
• Focused attention will also be given to products of
particular national importance
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DONATA portfolio: A NEPAD flagship technology
Includes:Includes:
• NERICA riceNERICA rice www.warda.orgwww.warda.org
• Tissue culture bananaTissue culture banana www.ahbfi.orgwww.ahbfi.org && www.kari.orgwww.kari.org
• Improved cassavaImproved cassava www.iita.orgwww.iita.org
• IR-Maize for striga infested areasIR-Maize for striga infested areas www.cimmyt.orgwww.cimmyt.org &&www.aftechfound.orgwww.aftechfound.org
• High-beta carotene sweet potatoHigh-beta carotene sweet potato www.cip.orgwww.cip.org
• TC Sweet PotatoTC Sweet Potato
• Pigeon PeaPigeon Pea
• INRM ToolsINRM Tools
• Dry land pitting (Dry land pitting (African farmer–innovationsAfrican farmer–innovations
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DONATA commodity based technologiesto be scaled-up and out beginning 2007
• ASARECA
– Crops: maize and orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP)– Countries:
Maize = Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, DRC (Phase 1); Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Sudan (Phase 2)
– OFSP = Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi (Phase1);
Ethiopia (Phase 2)
• CORAF/WECARD– Crops: cassava and maize– Countries:
Coastal region - Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire andGuinea.Central African region - Cameroon, Republic of Congo andCentral Africa RepublicSahel region - Senegal, Mali and Burkina Faso
• SADC-FANR (preliminary recommendations)
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DONATA Proposed Strategy
Field level
• Innovation Platforms for Technology Adoption—IPTAs
– researchers, extension or advisory services, policy makers, civil society organizations(CSOs) in agriculture ie farmer organizations, private sector or agric-business, NGOs(active involvement of relevant stakeholders)
• Technology Dissemination Pathways
– Farmer collective action (FCA) – Farmer-to-farmer learning
– Market led Technology adoption (MTA)
– Participatory Market Chain approach
• Participatory approaches and Learning tools
– Participatory Development Approach (PDA) – Participatory Varietal Selection/Participatory Gender User Analysis
(PVS/PRIGA)
– Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR)
– Farmer Field Schools
– Demonstration plots (limited participatory opportunities)
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Capacity: NARS ASSESSMENT REPORT
The assessment recommended a combination of strategic options for:
1. improving the impact of African agriculturalresearch, including adoption of holistic andinclusive innovation systems concepts
2. supporting African NARS to make institutionalchanges and strengthen their systems skills
3. creating new directions and mechanisms tostrengthen capacities of NARS in agriculturalscience and research management.
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Strengthening Capacity for Agricultural Research and
Development in Africa (SCARDA) Program Components
Needs analysis; development of
programme activities; M&E and
communication strategies.
Component 1:Strengthening
competencies and
capacity in agricultural
research management.
Component 2:Strengthening capacity
for professional
development in
agricultural research and
development.
Output 1:Detailed capacity
strengthening
programme.
Output 2:Improved agricultural
research
management systemsand competencies.
Output 3:Improved capacities
of NARS institutions,
scientists andextension agents.
Output 4:Adoption of the
innovation systems
approach to underpinARD.
6 month Inception PhaseThree year Implementation Phase
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BASIC
strengthening capacity to build capacity
LearningmethodsTeaching materials
Case
Studies
African
Universities
(Set priorities
andagendas)
Agricultural
Research Centers
Non-
African
Partner
Improved
teaching,
learning &
institutions
Case
Studies
Case
Studies
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Regional Agricultural Information and Learning System
(RAILS)
• In response to one of the FARA functions aimed at…
Accelerating sharing and exchange of agricultural knowledge and technologies, and strengthening of
stakeholders ICT/M capacities
AARINENA: North African countries AARINENA: North African countries
ASARECAASARECA
CORAF/WECARDCORAF/WECARD
SADC-FANR SADC-FANR
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National
focal
National
focal
po
int
po
int
National focal National focal
point point
N a t i o
n a
l
N a t i o
n a
l focal
focal
p o
i n t
p o
i n t
ASARECA: ASARECA:
RAIN RAIN
C O
R A F
C O
R A F
Northern
Northern
Afr
ica
Afr
ica
SADC/ SADC/ FANR FANR
Global knowledgeGlobal knowledge
throughthrough
information andinformation and
learninglearning
National focal National focal
point point
RAILS regional perspective
SRO AISSRO AIS FARA-FARA-
RAILSRAILS
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African Biotechnology and Biosafety Initiative: Stakeholder
Consultation Results cont’d
Stakeholders view:
• FARA should play a catalytic role at the regional level,adding value to on-going national and sub-regional levelinitiatives and minimize duplication
• FARA should facilitate:
– African agricultural biotechnology and biosafety strategy
– Harmonising biosafety frameworks
– Information Communication
–Participation of African delegates in international biotechnologyand biosafety negotiations and treaties
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ABBI Partnerships and linkages
Linkage with the AU-NEPADPanel of Experts and DREA &
HRST biotechnology andbiosafety Steering Committees
Linkage with SROs/RECsbiotechnology and biosafetyinitiatives
Partnership with AfricaBiofortified Sorghum (ABS)project for nutritionalenhancement
Partnership with Public Researchand Regulatory Initiative (PRRI)
Coordinator of the SIST plantbiotechnology thematic group
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Gender and Agricultural Development
• Many African economies are in the hands of women
• Yet, women receive less than 10% of agricultural
extension/advisory service delivery
• Estimates in Kenya suggests that providing the same
level of access to farm inputs and education to women
farmers as men, will result in 20% yield increase
• The focus therefore should be reforms that promotes
excellence and growth in African agriculture