Chapter 4  Near East  (today's Middle East region)

-locate the following on a map: Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Persepolis Akkad, Sumer, Elam, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Mediterranean Sea.-describe the evolution of cuneiform.-describe the form and function of a ZIGGURAT-identify the major gods of the Mesopotamian pantheon and summarize the Epic of Gilgamesh.

-compare Akkad and Sumer.-discuss the nature of the two steles illustrated in the chapter: the Stele of Naramsin and the Law Code of Hammurabi.-discuss the combination of naturalism and stylization in Mesopotamian art.-discuss the combination of human with animal form in ancient Near Eastern art.-describe the iconography of the Stele of Naramsin.-describe the relationship of form and function in the Lamassu.-compare the Assyrian and Persian Empires.-describe the Persian column-explain the political meaning of the bull capitals at Persepolis and of the lions in the reliefs of Assurnasirpal II.-understand the relationship of Persepolis to other regions/cultures

8000-5500 BC  Early Neolithic

Walls of Jericho (present day Palestine) 8000-7000 BC

Catal Huyuk - (present day Turkey- 6500-5700BC) 

3600-2100 BC  SumerianUruk and Sumer (present day Iraq)   5000 bc- 2100bc

3300-2300 bc Sumerian - Votive Figures from Eshunna (present day Tel Asmar- Iraq) 2200 BabylonRule of Hammurabi 1792-1750 bc 2300- 2184  AkkadianStele Of Naramsin

4.1         Neolithic plastered skull, Jericho, c. 7000 B.C.

4.2         Çatal Hüyük , Turkey, c. 6500 - 5700 B.C.

4.3        

Sculpted vase, Uruk, c. 3500 - 3000 B.C.

4.4         The White Temple on its ziggurat, Uruk, c. 3500 - 3000 B.C.

4.6         Cylinder impression and seal from Uruk, c. 3500 - 3000 B.C.

4.7        Clay tablet with cuneiform text, probably from Jemdet Nasr, Iraq, c. 3000 B.C

4.8         Group of statues from the Abu Temple, Tell Asmar, c. 2700 - 2500 B.C.

4.9      Lyre soundbox, from the Tomb of Queen Puabi, Ur, c. 2685 B.C.

4.10       Head of  Akkadian Ruler ( Iraq), c. 2250 B.C.

4.11      Victory Stele of Naram Sin, c. 2300 - 2200 B.C.

4.12       Head of Gudea, Lagash, c. 2150 B.C.

       Gudea with temple plan, Lagash, Iraq, c. 2150 B.C.

Nanna Ziggurat , Ur c 2100-2050 bc

4.15       Stele inscribed with the Law Code of Hammurabi, c. 1792 - 1750 B.C

Lion Gate (Royal Gate), Hattusas, Boghazköy, Turkey, c. 1400 B.C.

King Assurnasirpal II hunting lions, Nimrud, Iraq, c. 883 - 859 B.C

 Lamassu, from the gateway, Sargon II's palace at Dur Sharrukin(now Khorsabad, Iraq), c. 720 B.C.

Ishtar Gate (reconstructed), Babylon, c. 575 B.C.

PERSIAN EMPIRE Achaemenian

Beaker, Susa, capital of Elam (now in Iran), c. 5000 - 4000 B.C

Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius, Persepolis (in modern Iran), c. 500 B.C.

Bull capital, Persepolis, c. 500 B.C.

Royal guards, relief on the stairway to the Audience Hall of Darius, Persepolis.