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START PREP
6.3 BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR
TEXTBOOK PAGE 241
THEN START READING SECTION
NOTES BEGIN AT 10.00
AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD05 DECEMBER 2013
6.3 BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR
AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD`S NOTES05 DECEMBER 2013
KEY IDEATHE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY
RESULTED IN THE GROWTH OF BIG BUSINESS AND PROMPTED LABORERS TO FORM UNIONS TO BETTER THEIR
LIVES.
WHY IT MATTERS NOWMANY OF THE STRATEGIES USED TODAY IN INDUSTRY AND IN THE LABOR MOVEMEMNT, SICH AS
CONSOLIDATION AND THE STRIKE, HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN THE LATE
19TH CENTURY.
INTRODUCTION
ANDREW CARNEGIE
BORN IN SCOTLAND
HIS PARENTS WERE
PENNILESS + MOVED TO THE USA
CARNEGIE ROSE
FROM RAGS TO RICHES
BECAME A MODEL OF THE AMERICAN SUCCESS
STORY
OBJECTIVE 1:IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS STRATEGIES THAT
CONTRIBUTED TO THE SUCCESS OF BUSINESS
TYCOONS SUCH AS ANDREW CARNEGIE
CARNEGIE ENTERED THE
STEEL BUSINESS
CARNEGIE USED MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
MADE BETTER
PRODUCTS FOR CHEAPER
NEW MACHINERY AND
TECHNIQUES
ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
TRACKED EVERY PENNY
ENCOURAGED COMPETITION
AMONG EMPLOYEES
CARNEGIE USED BUSINESS
STRATEGIES
CARNEGIE TRIED TO CONTROL STEEL
INDUSTRY
(1) VERTICAL INTEGRATION
BOUGHT OUT SUPPLIERS
(2) HORIZONTAL INTEGRATIONBUY OUT
COMPETITORS
CARNEGIE PRODUCED LARGEST PORTION OF
NATION`S STEEL
OBJECTIVE 2:EXPLAIN SOCIAL
DARWINISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIETY.
CARNEGIE EXPLAINED
SUCCESS DOWN TO HARD WORK
PHILOSOPHERS BELIEVED
DOWN TO SOCIAL DARWINISM
UNRESTRAINED COMPETITION WILL ENSURE
SURVIVAL OF FITTEST
BUT BUSINESSMEN TRIED TO CONTROL COMPETITION
MERGERS ARE WHEN ONE COMPANY BUYS OUT
ANOTHER
MERGERS LED TO
MONOPOLIES
MONOPOLIES CONTROLLED PRODUCTION,
WAGES + PRICES
OTHERS FAVORED TRUST
AGREEMENTS
LIKE JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
PARTICIPANTS TURNED STOCK OVER
TO TRUSTEES
TRUSTEES: PEOPLE WHO RAN SEPERATE
COMPANIES AS ONE LARGE ORGANIZATION
TRUSTS WERE NOT LEGALMERGERS
USING TRUSTS, ROCKEFELLER GAINED TOTAL CONTROL OF OIL
INDUSTRY
THEN ROCKEFELLER LOWERED WAGES + RAISED OIL PRICES
CRITICS CALLED HIM A ROBBER
BARON
SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
MADE TRUSTS ILLEGAL
BUT FOUND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO
ELIMINATE TRUSTS
THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES BOTH CARNEGIE + ROCKEFELLER DONATED
MILIONS TO CHARITY
OBJECTIVE 3:SUMMARIZE THE EMERGENCE AND
GROWTH OF UNIONS.
EXPLOITATION + UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS DREW
WORKERS TOGETHER
SEVEN DAY WORK WEEK, LOW PAY
NO VACATIONS, INJURIES COMMON
WORKERS JOINED TOGETHER IN A NATIONWIDE LABOR
MOVEMENT
CRAFT: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR (AFL) LED BY SAMUEL
GOMPERS
INDUSTRY: AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION LED BY
EUGENE V. DEBS
SOCIETY: INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
OF THE WORLD
OBJECTIVE 4:EXPLAIN THE VIOLENT
REACTIONS OF INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT TO
UNION STRIKES.
INDUSTRY + GOVERNMENT
RESPONDED FORCEFULLY TO UNIONS
VIOLENCE TURNED PUBLIC AGAINST LABOR
MOVEMENT
THE MORE POWERFUL THE UNIONS BECAME, THE MORE EMPLOYERS CAME TO
FEAR THEM
INDUSTRY DID ALL THEY COULD TO STIFLE
THE UNIONS