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AI in board gamesmeteor
2017-4-7
What’s a board game?
Literally, A board game has two parts: a board, and a game.Sure there’re different boards!
Chess board
Round Table Duel
Where’s the board…?
Why board games?Board games come from the abstraction of real world.
Chess/Go <- Ancient WarsBoard games are foundation of modern video games.
Chainmail -> DND -> Western RPG
History of board games(I)
3500BC - 3000BC: Senet and Backgammon - Oldest known board games2200BC: Go - Ancient Chinese board game800AD: Leaf Game - Earliest card games in China19th Century: Mahjong and Poker - Popular modern card games1933: Monopoly - Fruits of the Great Depression
History of board games(II)
1959: Risk - Modern War Game(Aka American-style board games)1964: Acquire - First Eurogames(Aka German-style board games)1971: Chainmail - Ancestor of DND and West RPG1995: The Settlers of Catan - One of the greatest Eurogames21st Century: Where to go?
Study of Backgammon(I)
Rules2-Players, each has 15 pawns on boardRoll dice to move pawns, which could capture opponent's pawnsMove all of 15 pawns off board to win
MechanicsBetting/WageringRoll/Spin and Move
Study of Backgammon(II)
Expectiminimax TreePerfect, but incomplete informationIntroduce ‘chance node’, takes a weighted averageTree <- Min, Max and Chance NodeMore about Minimax, Alpha-beta pruning and expectiminimax tree.
Future DiscussionSome other games with ‘chance’:
The Settlers of CatanThe Castles of Burgundy
Using ‘chance’ to produce resourcesCould expectiminimax tree be used on the games?
American-style vs German-style(I)
American-style Board Game(also referred to as Ameritrash):Feature a prominent themeEncourage direct conflict between playersHave a significant degree of luck
Some classic titles:RiskTwilight Imperium(Third Edition)Betrayal at House on the Hill
American-style vs German-style(II)
German-style Board Game(Aka Eurogame):Merely mnemonic themeFamily strategyLow randomnessNo player elimination
Some classic titles:Puerto Rico, CarcassonneThrough the Ages, Terra Mystica
American-style vs German-style(III)
How to implement AI for those styles?Ameritrash
All the rules are more or less like BackgammonAI for Risk: Traditional heuristic, MCTS
EuroDifferent mechanics(which may mentioned below) make things different and difficultAI for Catan: MCTS (imperfect -> perfect, without trading)
Popular Card Games(I)
Texas Hold’em (Aka Poker)Betting/Wagering, Player EliminationSet Collection, Bluffing
LandlordAuction/Bidding, Betting/WageringHand Management, Partnerships
Popular Card Games(II)
MahjongHand Management, Set CollectionDraw and Discard Games
BridgeAuction/Bidding, Hand ManagementPartnerships, Trick-taking
Mechanics(I): Auction/Bidding
Auction/BiddingPlace a bid to enhance the position of the game
Typical Games: Modern ArtAuction Types: Traditional/Vickery/English/Dutch
Theory: Auction TheoryResearch on Bidding Hex Game
Mechanics(II): Betting/Wagering
Betting/WageringEncourage or require players to bet money or certain outcomes within the game.
Typical Games: WizardTheory: Gambling and Information Theory
Mechanics(III): Bluffing
BluffingHidden InformationEncourage players to use deception to achieve their aims
Typical Games: Liar’s DiceLibratus and DeepStack
Mechanics(IV): Draw and Discard
Draw and DiscardHands, drawing deck and discard pileDraw and discard to improve your hand towards some objective
Typical Games: Love Letter, RummikubHand Evaluation: A Mahjong example, Mahjong with MCTS and opponent Modeling
Mechanics(V): Hand Management
Hand ManagementReward players for playing the cards in certain sequences or groupsManage your hands means gaining the most value out of available cards under given circumstance
Typical Games: Agricola
Mechanics(VI): Partnerships
PartnershipsOffer players a set of rules for alliances and teamsOften able to win as a team, or penalties are enforced for not respecting alliances
Typical Games: Tichu, Codenames
Mechanics(VII): Player Elimination
Player EliminationMultiple-player games(>2) when a player can be eliminated from the game and play continues without the eliminated player.Doesn’t include 2-player-only games where the goal is to defeat the opponent, e.g, Chess
Typical Games: SanguoSha
Mechanics(VIII): Set Collection
Set CollectionEncourage players to collect a set of items
Typical Games: Ticket to Ride
Mechanics(IX): Trick-taking
Trick-takingEach player plays in turn order one card(or, in some games, a series, such as a pair or straight) from their hands face up onto the table; the group of cards played is named a ‘trick’. Winner captures all cards of the trick
Typical Games: Hearts
Tea break: Spyfall
Family and Party Games(I)
SpyfallSetup: Same place, each player except the spy knows where it is, while the spy knows nothingPlay: QA/Call for voting/Guess(spy)/VoteWinning condition
Spy: guess the correct place, or survive at lastOthers: figure out the spy
Family and Party Games(II)
The Werewolves of Miller’s HollowWerewolves: Pretend to be villagers and kill all the villager at nightVillager: Figure out all the werewolvesSpecial abilities
Family and Party Games(III)
DixitUsing phrases to describe picturesPretend to be the original picture which matches the phrase bestGuess
HowTo?NLPDeduction
Hidden informationBluffingGANPlayer portait
Thank you!