March 4, 2016 | 1

Valuing Water in Rankine Cycle Power Generation

Suresh Jambunathan, Director of Business DevelopmentVeolia North America

Cell: 630-335-4544E-mail: Suresh.Jambunathan@veolia.com

March 4th, 2016

Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)10 W. 33rd St; Herman Hall Chicago, IL 60616

March 4, 2016 | 2

Learning Outcomes & today’s Agenda

• Optimize lifecycle value by carefully contemplating the cooling section of a Steam Rankine power

generation cycle.

• Choose between Air Cooled Condensers and a Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC) by comparing the

cost of water versus the value of incremental power generated with a WSAC.

AGENDA

• Introduction to Veolia

• ACC Vs. WSAC :

• Fundamental thermodynamics

• Performance

Economics

• Project Development

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Who is Veolia? We profitably recycle resources for people & planet

In the USA:

We serve 500+ communities

#1 District Energy (DE) portfolio in the USA

Sales > $2- billion/yr

Employees 10,000+

Chilled water production & distribution

Energy efficient buildings

Biogas-to-energy production

Combined heat and power (CHP)

Household hazardous waste (HHW) recovery & disposal

Steam & hot water production & distribution

Wastewater treatment

Drinking water

Digester plant

3-core businesses with global footprint

sales > $28 billion

employees > 180,000

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Focus on your core & we will optimize your utility chore

Customer Technology

Vendor Packages

FEED

Design, Project Management

Procurement SupportCore Template Build

Concept to completion and beyond

UTILITIES

• Power

• Thermal Energy delivered as

steam

hot water

thermal oil

refrigerant

• Water – surface & sub-surface

• Wastewater treatment: anaerobic & aerobic

Peer Performance Services (consulting services)

Concessions

Energy Management (EM)

Performance contracts

O&M

DBOO

DBOOM

Gen. IndustryFederal Municipal Universities Hospitals Petrochemicals Oil & Gas Industrial

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Selected headlines

• Global warming is a problem …. Unless you live above the Arctic Circle.

• Hotter & drier weather with more intense rainfall

• Impact of water used in thermo-electric power generation ?

• “Clean” versus “dirty” power

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Basics: Steam Rankine cycle is proven power generation technology

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/upasana_panigrahi/thermodynamics-of-power-plant

Choice of condenser? Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) or Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)

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Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) vs. Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)

http://www.niagarablower.com

PARAMETER ACC WSAC

Turbine Power Less More

Cooling Water No Yes

Footprint 4X X

Parasitic power 3X X

Weight 3X X

Installed CapEx higher lower

ACC WSAC

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Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) vs. Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)

ACC

Thermodynamics

WSAC

PARAMETER ACC WSAC

Cooling

water?

No Yes

Exit air

Humidity

Unchanged Increased

Steam

temperature

approaches

Dry bulb

temp

Wet bulb

temp

Exhaust

steam

pressure

Higher Lower

Vacuum Weaker Stronger

Power Lower Higher

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ACC vs. WSAC: condenser vacuum impacts power generated

PARAMETER UNIT VALUE COMMENT PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

Dry bulb temp, Tdb F 100 OK PARAMETER UNIT ACC WSAC

Wet bulb temp, Tw b F 50 OK STG: Power MW 9.1 11.2

Air: Approach to Tdb F 40 ACC only Parasitic Power MW (0.5) (0.2)

CW: Approach to Tw b F 10 WSAC System: Net Power MW 8.6 11.0

STG: Inlet throttle steam

Flow Kpph 100 Make-up water, M gpm - 217

psig 750 513 F, Tsat ∆T or LMTD F 18 10

Temperature F 750 OK

Isentropic Eff; ήisen % 75%

Gear-Gen Eff; ήgear-gen % 95% typical

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Power (ACC vs. WSAC) tracks Bulb temperature (dry vs. wet) difference

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WSAC: more power, but needs make-up water to vaporize away heat

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Economics: simplified assumptions: sensitivities

INPUT UNIT VALUE COMMENT OUTPUT UNIT VALUECost of water $/Kgal $3 assumed Value of power $/yr $703,230

Value of Power $/MWh $55 assumed less Cost of water $/yr $286,382

Operational gain / loss $/yr $416,848

System availability % 95% assumed Make-up water MMGpy 95.5Incremental electricity MWh/yr 12,786

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Economics: Operational net zero: value of power cancels cost of water

ACC operationally profitable above the line

WSAC operationally profitable below the line

INPUT UNIT VALUE COMMENT OUTPUT UNIT VALUECost of water $/Kgal $3 assumed Value of power $/yr $703,230

Value of Power $/MWh $55 assumed less Cost of water $/yr $286,382

Operational gain / loss $/yr $416,848

System availability % 95% assumed Make-up water MMGpy 95.5Incremental electricity MWh/yr 12,786

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Project development: common sense and diligence

1. Set objectives & gather data

2. Conceptualize alternate configurations: technical & economic appraisal

3. Project development

Technical: Configuration, engineering, procurement, construction

Legal: Structure of contracting entities (LLC, S or C Corp etc…)

Commercial: Contracts for fuel, power, O&M, grants & incentives

Environmental: Permits

Financial: Financial models, equity & debt

Risks & Mitigants: Project Execution Plan (PEP)

We optimize utility services from “plain” O&M to full spectrum Design-Build-Own-Operate & Maintain.

We provide services spanning concept development (FEL1) to post-project (FEL5) Operations & Maintenance.

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Suresh Jambunathan, Director of Business DevelopmentVeolia North America

Cell: 630-335-4544E-mail: Suresh.Jambunathan@veolia.com

Questions?