AIDS•Caused by HIV Virus•Diminishes function of immune system•Susceptible to infections•Treat with Anti-Viral Drugs•Deadly

Influenza (Flu)•Contagious Respiratory Illness•Fever/Chills•Vomiting/Diarrhea•Body Aches/Fatigue•Cold Symptoms•Recover within 2 weeks if no complications

Common Cold•Over 200 cold viruses•Coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, runny nose, sore throat•Recover within 1 week

Polio•Affects nerves•Can lead to paralysis•Have vaccination for it•Wiped out in many countries

Chicken Pox•Childhood disease•Shingles is adult version•Itchy, fluid-filled blisters that will scab over•Have vaccine for it•Very contagious before you know you have it

Smallpox•The first vaccine•U.S. stopped giving vaccine in 1972, stopped by 1980 worldwide•Virus wiped out worldwide in 1977•Causes raised pink skin rash that turns into sores, then crusts over•Threat of use in biological warfare

Yellow Fever•Spread by Mosquitos (Vector!)•South America/ Africa•Causes Liver or Kidney Failure•Have vaccine

Viral Meningitis•Infection of fluid around brain and spinal cord•Viral is less severe than bacterial•Spread through person-to-person contact or mosquito•May have a stiff neck

West Nile Virus•Mosquito bites infected bird, mosquito acts as vector, bites human and transfers disease•Prognosis is good

Warts•Growths on the skin•Caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)•Transmission from person to person is uncommon•Can treat with over-the-counter meds – except for face or genital warts•Gardasil Vaccine is used for prevention of warts and cervical cancer caused by HPV in women

Ebola•Causes Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever•In Africa, where health care is not good•Death within 2 weeks from massive blood loss

Rabies•Spread by infected animal (dog, bat, raccoon, fox, skunk)•Saliva is passed when animal bites human•Virus passes to brain, causes inflammation•Drooling, Convulsions, Foaming at mouth•Death within week•Is a vaccine that must be given right after bite

Mononucleosis•“Kissing Disease”•Passed through sharing saliva•Swollen lymph nodes (neck), fatigue, white on tonsils, sore throat, fever, enlarged SPLEEN•Must avoid physical contact in activity

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Syphilis•Sexually transmitted•Painless sores, skin rash•3 Stages – 3rd stage spreads to heart, bones, brain, nervous system, skin•Treated with penicillin

Leprosy•Skin lesions•Stuffy nose•Nerve Damage•Disfigurement•Treat with antibiotics

Tetanus•Get the vaccine!•Spore gets into body through wound and releases bacteria •Bacteria create poison that blocks nerve signals from spinal cord to muscles•Lockjaw•Arching from back spasms

Legionnaires’ Disease•Lung inflammation caused by inhaling legionella bacteria•Fever, chills, muscle aches, & cough•Bacteria grow in water towers

Tuberculosis•Contagious bacterial infection of lungs•Inhale droplets from infected person•Cough up mucus or blood•Fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats

Plague•Bubonic, Pneumonic, Septicemic•Rodents carry disease•Flea acts as VECTOR to transfer to humans•Blood seeps into tissues turning them black!

Food Poisoning•From Salmonella or E. coli bacteria•From improper handling, storage, or washing of foods; or undercooked food•Severe diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramping, fever, chills

Peptic Ulcers•From H. pylori bacteria in stomach•Burning pain in stomach, nausea, vomiting, blood in stools, weight loss

Lyme Disease•Bacteria come from mice or deer•Ticks act as vector to pass the bacteria to humans•Characteristic “BULL’S EYE” rash•Itching, joint inflammation, stiff neck, flu-like symptoms

Bacterial Meningitis•Infection of fluid around brain & spinal cord•3 types of bacteria•Treat with antibiotics!•Very serious – can lead to brain damage or death•Stiff neck, headache, fever

Athletes’ footParasitic fungal infection of the skin. Causes scaling, flaking and itch. Transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot ( showers or locker rooms)

malariaCaused by a parasitic amoeba, It involves high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia.

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mesotheliomaCancer (usually in the lungs) caused by exposure to asbestos fibers (mutagen)Inhaled asbestos fibers cause irritation and inflammation to the surrounding lung tissue where they get lodged. Local irritation and inflammation leads to the production of various body chemical substances which create changes to the lung cells.

Genetic and EnvironmentalHeart Disease– Some genetic causes– Some lifestyle causes (diet, cigarettes)

Many Cancers– Some genetic (inherited)– Some due to random mutations– Some the result of carcinogens, lifestyle

Asthma– Inflammation of bronchi in lungs– Aggravated by environmental conditions

Allergies– Immune system over-reacts to allergens in environment– Pollens, drug, food

Top half of Page 26 Conditions Conducive to Disease

Internal External(within the organism) (in the environment)

Eating habits dirty living conditionsMalnourishment poor hygieneStress poor

sanitation—sewage/garbageFailure to immunize improperly prepared foodLack of sleep mold spores

population density

Bottom half of 26How do we limit the spread of microbial infections?Immunizations – many are required by law for

admission to school and some health/food workersSanitation systems: water treatment, sewage, garbage

pickupControl of vectors: mosquito control/monitoring,

regulations about dumpingStandards for preparing food and maintaining public

eating spaces