AIDS Objectives: AIDS Objectives: Be able to describe the Be able to describe the definition of AIDS. definition of AIDS. Be able to describe three facts Be able to describe three facts about the epidemiology ( about the epidemiology ( the the spread, growth and development of disease) spread, growth and development of disease) of AIDS. of AIDS. Be able to describe how AIDS is Be able to describe how AIDS is contracted or passed on from one contracted or passed on from one person to another. person to another.
Transcript
AIDS Objectives:AIDS Objectives:
Be able to describe the definition Be able to describe the definition of AIDS.of AIDS.
Be able to describe three facts Be able to describe three facts about the epidemiology (about the epidemiology (the spread, the spread, growth and development of disease) of AIDS.growth and development of disease) of AIDS.
Be able to describe how AIDS is Be able to describe how AIDS is contracted or passed on from one contracted or passed on from one person to another.person to another.
Since 1981, more than 60 million Since 1981, more than 60 million people have become infected with people have become infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Today, more than 42 million Virus). Today, more than 42 million people live with HIV or AIDS.people live with HIV or AIDS.
About 5 million new cases were About 5 million new cases were diagnosed in 2002.diagnosed in 2002.
AIDS Continued:AIDS Continued:
Women are becoming increasingly Women are becoming increasingly affected by this virus, and they affected by this virus, and they account for at least 50% of new account for at least 50% of new cases.cases.
In the U.S., as of 2002, more than In the U.S., as of 2002, more than 866,575 men, women and children 866,575 men, women and children have been diagnosed with AIDS. have been diagnosed with AIDS. At least 501,669 have died.At least 501,669 have died.
How HIV Is Transmitted: How HIV Is Transmitted:
Infected body fluids (for example: Infected body fluids (for example: semen, vaginal secretions, blood)semen, vaginal secretions, blood)
Mucous membranes of the genital Mucous membranes of the genital organs and the anus provide the organs and the anus provide the easiest route of entry.easiest route of entry.
If there is a break in the mucous If there is a break in the mucous membranes (during intercourse), membranes (during intercourse), the virus enters and begins to the virus enters and begins to multiply.multiply.
HIV Transmission HIV Transmission Continued:Continued:
After initial infection, HIV multiples After initial infection, HIV multiples rapidly, invading the bloodstream rapidly, invading the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid. and cerebrospinal fluid.
It destroys helper T-lymphocytes, It destroys helper T-lymphocytes, thus weakening the body’s thus weakening the body’s resistance to disease.resistance to disease.
The virus alters the genetic The virus alters the genetic structure of the cells it attacks.structure of the cells it attacks.
IT IS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!!!IT IS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!!!
HIV Transmission HIV Transmission Continued:Continued:
If you engage in high-risk behaviors, If you engage in high-risk behaviors, which means unprotected sex, you can which means unprotected sex, you can contract AIDS.contract AIDS.
Sex with multiple partners is also Sex with multiple partners is also considered a high-risk behavior.considered a high-risk behavior.
Saliva is not a high-risk body fluid Saliva is not a high-risk body fluid unless blood is present.unless blood is present.
HIV can be found in saliva so use HIV can be found in saliva so use caution when engaging in deep, wet caution when engaging in deep, wet kissing.kissing.
HIV Transmission HIV Transmission Continued:Continued:
Mother’s milk is contagious only if it Mother’s milk is contagious only if it is mixed with blood.is mixed with blood.
Receiving a blood transfusion prior Receiving a blood transfusion prior to 1985 could have given you AIDS.to 1985 could have given you AIDS.
Sharing HIV-contaminated needles Sharing HIV-contaminated needles and syringes can give you AIDS.and syringes can give you AIDS.
1 in 3 children have contracted AIDS 1 in 3 children have contracted AIDS from their mother while in the from their mother while in the womb.womb.
Women and AIDSWomen and AIDS
Women are 4 to 10 times more Women are 4 to 10 times more likely than men to contract HIV likely than men to contract HIV through unprotected sex with an through unprotected sex with an infected partner.infected partner.
Women most at risk are ethnic Women most at risk are ethnic minorities and the economically minorities and the economically disadvantaged.disadvantaged.
Women and AIDS Women and AIDS Continued:Continued:
Women of color account for 76% of Women of color account for 76% of AIDS cases among women, though AIDS cases among women, though they comprise less than 25% of all they comprise less than 25% of all U.S. women.U.S. women.
AIDS is the leading cause of death AIDS is the leading cause of death among African-American women among African-American women age 25 to 44.age 25 to 44.
Women and AIDS Women and AIDS Continued…Continued…
AIDS is a fourth leading cause of AIDS is a fourth leading cause of death among all American women death among all American women age 25 to 44.age 25 to 44.
AIDS is one of the top ten leading AIDS is one of the top ten leading causes of death for ages 15 to 64 causes of death for ages 15 to 64 in the U.S.in the U.S.
Why Do You Think Women of Why Do You Think Women of Color Have Higher Incidence of Color Have Higher Incidence of AIDS?AIDS?
Less incomeLess income Less social supportLess social support Less health and social service Less health and social service
systemssystems Inadequate treatment for women Inadequate treatment for women
addictsaddicts Lack of access to childcare and Lack of access to childcare and
health care leads to increased stress health care leads to increased stress and possibly less self-protectionand possibly less self-protection
Symptoms of HIV DiseaseSymptoms of HIV Disease
A person can be symptom free for many A person can be symptom free for many years after initial infection.years after initial infection.
It takes an average of 8 to 10 years for It takes an average of 8 to 10 years for the virus to cause the slow, degenerative the virus to cause the slow, degenerative changes in the immune system.changes in the immune system.
During this time, the person may During this time, the person may experience a large number of infections, experience a large number of infections, such as: colds, sore throats, fever, such as: colds, sore throats, fever, tiredness, nausea, and night sweats.tiredness, nausea, and night sweats.
Treatment of AIDS:Treatment of AIDS: Medications are protease Medications are protease
inhibitors: Amprenavir, Ritonavir inhibitors: Amprenavir, Ritonavir and Saquinavir.and Saquinavir.
These drugs resemble protein These drugs resemble protein chains that the HIV protease chains that the HIV protease normally cuts. They block HIV normally cuts. They block HIV protease enzymes from cutting the protease enzymes from cutting the protein chains needed to produce protein chains needed to produce new viruses.new viruses.
Treatments of AIDS Treatments of AIDS Continued:Continued:
Other medications include antiviral Other medications include antiviral treatments such as AZT. treatments such as AZT.
Although these drugs provide new Although these drugs provide new hope for AIDS, we are long way hope for AIDS, we are long way from a cure.from a cure.
Staying Safe in an Staying Safe in an Unsafe Sexual World:Unsafe Sexual World:
Avoid casual sexual partners.Avoid casual sexual partners. Try to have long-term, mutually Try to have long-term, mutually
monogamous relationships.monogamous relationships. Avoid unprotected sex.Avoid unprotected sex. Do not be afraid to ask intimate Do not be afraid to ask intimate
questions about your partner’s questions about your partner’s sexual past.sexual past.
Never share needles, razors, tattoo Never share needles, razors, tattoo instruments, and body-piercing instruments, and body-piercing instruments.instruments.
Staying Safe Continued:Staying Safe Continued:
Avoid using drugs that dull your Avoid using drugs that dull your senses and affect your ability to senses and affect your ability to make responsible decisions.make responsible decisions.
Wash your hands before and after Wash your hands before and after sexual encounters.sexual encounters.
Be sure medical professionals wear Be sure medical professionals wear gloves and wash hands to prevent gloves and wash hands to prevent cross-transmission.cross-transmission.
Staying Safe Continued:Staying Safe Continued:
With new partners, try to get an With new partners, try to get an HIV test together.HIV test together.
Remember, this could be a life or Remember, this could be a life or death situation.death situation.
Make sure to get as much sexual Make sure to get as much sexual history so you can make an history so you can make an informed decision.informed decision.
AIDS Around the WorldAIDS Around the World
AIDS is decreasing in the U.S., but in AIDS is decreasing in the U.S., but in other regions of the world, it is not.other regions of the world, it is not.
By the year 2003, an estimated 34 to 46 By the year 2003, an estimated 34 to 46 million people in the world were million people in the world were infected with HIV. That’s 1 out of every infected with HIV. That’s 1 out of every 100 men, women, and children.100 men, women, and children.
This means that every day in 2003, an This means that every day in 2003, an estimated 14,000 people were newly estimated 14,000 people were newly infected with HIV.infected with HIV.
AIDS Around the World AIDS Around the World Continued:Continued:
In South Africa, 1 in every 5 people is In South Africa, 1 in every 5 people is now infected.now infected.
Almost 39% of the population in Almost 39% of the population in Botswana and Swaziland is now living Botswana and Swaziland is now living with HIV.with HIV.
About 30% of the people living with HIV About 30% of the people living with HIV worldwide live in Southern Africa, an worldwide live in Southern Africa, an area that is home to just 2% of the area that is home to just 2% of the world’s populationworld’s population
South Africa has 5.3 million people living South Africa has 5.3 million people living with AIDS, more than any other country.with AIDS, more than any other country.
Latin America and the Latin America and the Caribbean:Caribbean:
About 2 million people living with About 2 million people living with HIVHIV
The epidemic was mainly spread The epidemic was mainly spread through heterosexual intercourse, through heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use and men having injecting drug use and men having sex with men.sex with men.
Haiti was worse hit with 60% of Haiti was worse hit with 60% of adults infected.adults infected.
Europe and Central Asia:Europe and Central Asia:
About 1.5 million living with the About 1.5 million living with the AIDS virus AIDS virus
In other parts of Asia, 7.4 million are In other parts of Asia, 7.4 million are living with AIDS virus.living with AIDS virus.
Thailand and Cambodia have Thailand and Cambodia have controlled the spread of HIV by controlled the spread of HIV by providing condom use among sex providing condom use among sex workers.workers.
An estimated 4.5 million have been An estimated 4.5 million have been infected with HIV in India.infected with HIV in India.
Testing for HIV AntibodiesTesting for HIV Antibodies
A blood test known as ELISA can A blood test known as ELISA can detect HIV virus. detect HIV virus.
A more expensive and precise test is A more expensive and precise test is known as the Western blot.known as the Western blot.
There are also mouth swab tests. There are also mouth swab tests. Many cities have anonymous and free Many cities have anonymous and free
testing.testing. All these tests detect antibodies for All these tests detect antibodies for
the disease that would indicate HIV the disease that would indicate HIV presence.presence.
Summary:Summary:
AIDS is still a very dangerous and AIDS is still a very dangerous and very contagious disease.very contagious disease.
Always make sure to protect Always make sure to protect yourself from sexual fluid yourself from sexual fluid exchange by using condoms.exchange by using condoms.
