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Aim: How can we describe the different layers of the Earth?
Do Now: How are Ogre’s like onions?
1. From the clip, identify the inner layers of the earth.
2. What is the outer core made of? How is it important?
3. Describe how the peach resembles the inner layers of the earth.
How are the inner layers of the earth like a peach!
Only about 7.5 miles into the earth’s crust which can
be up to 25 miles deep under the continents.
How far into the crust have we gone?
Activity I – Parts of Earth’s Interior•Each pair of students will
receive two envelopes: one containing reading
passages and the other containing statements that describe the different parts
of Earth’s interior. •Use the reading passages
to determine which statement represents the correct layer. Be sure to record your answers on
your worksheet.
The Crust (Lithosphere)
Layer Things to know What it is made of…
Crust - Lithosphere
Lithosphere
Thinnest of all layers – we live here Composed of the crust and rigid mantle
(upper most portion) Divided into lithospheric plates Continental Crust – granite rock - thick Oceanic Crust – basalt - thin
Oxygen and Silicon
The Mantle(Asthenosphere and Stiffer Mantle)
Layer Things to know What it is made of…
Mantle
Asthenosphere
(Plastic Mantle)
Molten rock, more fluid like (taffy) Convection currents - moves crustal plates
Iron, magnesium and silicon
Stiffer Mantle(Lower Mantle)
More rigid rock (less fluid)
The Core(Inner and Outer)
Layer Things to knowWhat it is made of…
Core – Inner and Outer
Outer Core
Liquid layer
Creates the earths magnetic field (constant motion due to earths rotation)
Iron and
nickel
(Composition that is similar to meteorites)
Inner Core
Solid layer
Summary
1. How do we differentiate between the inner and outer core?
2. How can we describe the different layers of the Earth?
3. Why is having a liquid iron core important to the Earth?
Earth’s Crust (Lithosphere) What is below Earth’s surface? Like a hard-boiled egg, Earth has three basic layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. Each layer is separated due to the differences in their density. The shell of the egg represents the crust. The crust is the thin, outer layer of Earth that we live on. It is made of a rocky material and is abundant in oxygen and silicon. The crust forms the lithosphere. The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the rigid mantle (upper portion of the mantle). Like a cracked eggshell, the crust is divided into lithospheric plates of oceanic crust and continental crust. Beneath the oceans, the oceanic crust is from 5 to 10 km thick. Beneath the continents, the continental crust is from 32 to 70 km thick. The continental crust is mostly made of granitic rocks and the oceanic crust is mostly made of basaltic rocks. The thickest part of the crust is beneath the mountains.
Ear
th’s
Man
tle
(Ast
he
no
sph
ere
and
Sti
ffer
Man
tle)
T
he l
ayer
of
Ear
th b
enea
th t
he c
rust
is
calle
d th
e m
ant
le.
The
Ear
th’s
man
tle i
s co
mpo
sed
of t
he a
sthe
nosp
here
and
th
e st
iffe
r m
antle
(lo
wer
por
tion
of t
he m
antle
). T
he a
sthe
nosp
here
is
com
pose
d of
mol
ten
ro
ck a
nd
is m
ore
flu
id-l
ike
whe
re i
t flo
ws
like
a v
ery
thic
k liq
uid
upo
n w
hic
h
Ear
th’s
lith
osp
heric
pla
tes
mov
e. F
or e
xam
ple
it m
oves
lik
e t
affy
or
silly
put
ty.
Con
vect
ion
curr
ents
for
m w
ithin
the
ast
heno
sphe
re l
aye
r w
hich
h
elps
m
ove
thes
e cr
ust
al
plat
es.
The
st
iffer
m
antle
is
co
mpo
sed
of m
ore
rigid
ro
ck a
nd i
s le
ss f
luid
lik
e. E
arth
’s m
antle
ra
nges
fr
om
abou
t 1,
800
to
2,
900
ki
lom
eter
s th
ick.
T
he
man
tle
cont
ains
hig
h am
ount
s o
f iro
n, m
agne
sium
, an
d si
licon
. M
ore
than
tw
o-th
irds
of
the
mas
s of
Ea
rth
is in
th
e m
antle
.
Earth’s Core (Inner and Outer) The inner-most region of the Earth is the core. Through observations of meteorites, scientists infer that the composition of the core is made mostly of iron and nickel. The core has two parts: outer core and the inner core. The outer core is liquid and is about 2,250 kilometers thick. The Earth’s magnetic field is inferred to be controlled by the liquid outer core due to its constant spinning motion, which is a result of the earth’s rotation. The inner core is solid with a radius of about 1,300 kilometers thick. This is the hotter layer with temperature beyond 6,000ºC.
Thinnest of all layers – we live here
Composed of the crust and rigid mantle
Divided into lithospheric plates
Continental Crust – granite rock - thick
Oceanic Crust – basalt - thin
Oxygen and Silicon
Molten rock, more fluid like (taffy)
Convection currents – moves crustal plates
More rigid rock (less fluid)
Iron, magnesium, and silicon
Liquid layer
Creates the Earth’s magnetic field (constant motion due to Earth’s rotation)
Solid Layer
Iron and Nickel