AimAim: How did society : How did society fix the abuses of big fix the abuses of big business?business?Do NowDo NowRead pages 450-451Read pages 450-451Turn in your HomeworkTurn in your HomeworkLook at the HW Board for the Look at the HW Board for the assignment.assignment.

ObjectiveObjective By the end of the lesson, you, By the end of the lesson, you,

red-blooded American student, red-blooded American student, should be able to:should be able to:

Identify the social reform Identify the social reform movements that developed movements that developed during the late 1800s.during the late 1800s.

Let’s DiscussLet’s Discuss In 2007, what are the names of In 2007, what are the names of

some social reform organizations some social reform organizations that help many Americans?that help many Americans?

Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

5-Cent Lodgings

Men’s Lodgings

Women’s Lodgings

Dumbbell Tenement PlanTenement House Act of 1879, NYC

Lower East Side Immigrant Family

Another Struggling Immigrant Family

6. 6. The Search For The Search For JusticeJustice The rise of big business caused The rise of big business caused

concern not only among farmers and concern not only among farmers and workers, but also among other groups workers, but also among other groups of Americans.of Americans.

Many Americans began to speak out Many Americans began to speak out for reform.for reform.

1)1) What does the word reform mean?What does the word reform mean?2)2) Why do you think people wanted Why do you think people wanted

reform in big business?reform in big business?

6.1 6.1 Religion and Religion and ReformReform In the late 1800s, many reform-minded leaders In the late 1800s, many reform-minded leaders

began to improve people’s living conditions.began to improve people’s living conditions. Churches were important in aiding and assisting Churches were important in aiding and assisting

the poor by setting up kindergartens and the poor by setting up kindergartens and nurseries.nurseries.

Two new groups established during the growth Two new groups established during the growth of big business were the Young Men’s Catholic of big business were the Young Men’s Catholic Association (YMCA) and Young Women’s Association (YMCA) and Young Women’s Catholic Association (YWCA).Catholic Association (YWCA).

The first Salvation Army opened in Philadelphia, The first Salvation Army opened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1880. Soon after, other missions Pennsylvania in 1880. Soon after, other missions were opening around the United States.were opening around the United States.

3) What were some of the groups 3) What were some of the groups that tried to improve living that tried to improve living conditions during the late 1800s?conditions during the late 1800s?

4) Which group of children were 4) Which group of children were aided by these groups?aided by these groups?

YMCA/YWCA LogosYMCA/YWCA Logos

6.2 6.2 Settlement HousesSettlement Houses Reformers also founded settlement houses.Reformers also founded settlement houses. A settlement house was a place where people who lived in A settlement house was a place where people who lived in

slums could go to school, receive medical care, get help in slums could go to school, receive medical care, get help in finding jobs and learn English.finding jobs and learn English.

The first settlement house opened in New York in 1886. The first settlement house opened in New York in 1886. Soon after settlement houses opened in Chicago, Pittsburgh, Soon after settlement houses opened in Chicago, Pittsburgh,

Boston and other large cities.Boston and other large cities. The most famous settlement house is Hull House. Hull House The most famous settlement house is Hull House. Hull House

opened in Chicago in 1889. The founder of Hull House is Jane opened in Chicago in 1889. The founder of Hull House is Jane Addams.Addams.

Jane Edna Hunter opened the Working Girls Home Association Jane Edna Hunter opened the Working Girls Home Association in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of this settlement house was in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of this settlement house was founded to help Black women find jobs in the cities of the founded to help Black women find jobs in the cities of the United States.United States.

Lillian ward founded the Henry Street Settlement House in Lillian ward founded the Henry Street Settlement House in New York City. This settlement house was interested in giving New York City. This settlement house was interested in giving medical care to the neediest New Yorkers.medical care to the neediest New Yorkers.

5) What were the purposes of settlement 5) What were the purposes of settlement houses?houses?

6) Which settlement house was founded 6) Which settlement house was founded by:by:

a)a) Jane Addams?Jane Addams?b)b) Jane Edna Hunter?Jane Edna Hunter?c)c) Lillian Wald?Lillian Wald?7) For the answers to number six, what 7) For the answers to number six, what

were the purposes of the three were the purposes of the three women’s settlement houses?women’s settlement houses?

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Jane Addams: Twenty Jane Addams: Twenty Years at Hull HouseYears at Hull House

Jane Edna HunterJane Edna Hunter

Lillian Wald-Henry Lillian Wald-Henry Street Settlement Street Settlement HouseHouse

6.3 6.3 Literature of Literature of ProtestProtest Some of the literature written during the age of Big Some of the literature written during the age of Big

Business were written to protest the problems of Big Business were written to protest the problems of Big Business during the late 1800s and to urge reform.Business during the late 1800s and to urge reform.

Henry George wrote Henry George wrote Progress and Poverty Progress and Poverty in 1879. He in 1879. He wanted a single tax placed on people that owned land.wanted a single tax placed on people that owned land.

Edward Bellamy wrote Edward Bellamy wrote Looking BackwardLooking Backward in 1888. This in 1888. This book described a utopian America in the year 2000. In book described a utopian America in the year 2000. In the book, profit making is set aside with a society that the book, profit making is set aside with a society that shared its wealth.shared its wealth.

Jacob Riis published Jacob Riis published How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives in 1890. in 1890. Riis took pictures of people living in poverty in New York Riis took pictures of people living in poverty in New York City.City.

Stephen Crane wrote Stephen Crane wrote Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote Wealth Against Wealth Against

CommonwealthCommonwealth which directly attacked the Standard Oil which directly attacked the Standard Oil Trust of John Rockefeller.Trust of John Rockefeller.

Henry GeorgeHenry George

Progress and PovertyProgress and Poverty

Edward Bellamy: Edward Bellamy: Looking BackwardLooking Backward

Stephen Crane: Stephen Crane: Maggie: A Girl of the Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsStreets

Stephen Crane Maggie: A Girl of the Streets

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Blind Beggar, 1888

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Drinkers quenching their thirst at The Morgue, 1890s Basement Saloon, NYC

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

A Struggling Immigrant Family, NYC, c.1890s

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis: How the Other Half LivesItalian Rag Picker, Little Italy, NYC, c. 1890s

8) What were some important 8) What were some important books that encouraged reform?books that encouraged reform?

Review QuestionsReview Questions

1)1) How did religion influence the How did religion influence the reform movement of the late reform movement of the late 1800s?1800s?

2)2) Who founded Hull House?Who founded Hull House?

3)3) Who wrote about the problems Who wrote about the problems created by big business in the late created by big business in the late 1800s?1800s?