Aims and Objectives

Aim

•To be able to describe the operation of an injection system within an internal combustion engine

Objectives

•Be able to describe the operation of an injection system within an internal combustion engine•Be able to recognize a single point injection system and a multi-point injection system•Identify how fuel and air is atomized within a fuel injection system

Fuel Injection Systems

The role of the Injectors

The injector delivers a finely atomized spray of fuel into the inlet port

The injectors also vary the amount of fuel delivered to suit the engines conditions The spray is obtained by passing fuel (that is pressurised) through the nozzle of the injector

It is located in the inlet manifold near the cylinder head intake port

Fuel Injection Systems

Injectors

The opening of the injector is controlled by the vehicles ECU

The injector is supplied with the battery voltage via a relay, the earth circuit is controlled by the ECU

When the circuit is completed by the ECU a solenoid operates, the injector valve opens, fuel is then able to be sprayed into the inlet manifold

The valve moves roughly 1.5-10 milliseconds. This is known an injector duration or opening time

The ECU will make amendments to the duration depending on engine temperature, loading air temperature and battery voltage

Fuel Injection Systems

Fuel Atomisation

During fuelling of a cylinder the fuel is pressurised which causes the fuel to become a vapour, allowing it to burn easily (compared to the fuel being delivered to the cylinder in liquid form)

Fuel Injection Systems

Question

How is fuel atomized in injector fuelling systems?

Fuel Injection Systems

Simultaneously and Sequential

Simultaneous injectors will operate all (or groups of injectors) at the same timeSequential will operate independently and open at close at different times (determined by the ECU)

Fuel Injection Systems

Single point injection system

Single point injection or throttle body injection system uses a single injector to spray fuel in the air intake side of the throttle butterfly (where the carburettor is situated)

Fuel Injection Systems

Single point injection system

Fuel Injection Systems

Gives poor atomization of the fuel

Does not give precise control of the air/fuel ratio to meet emission regulations

However, it is easier to control electronically than a carburettor

The fuel pressure is less then that of a multi point injection system (usually 1 bar)

Multi point injection system

Individual injectors are used for each cylinder

An injector is positioned near the inlet valve of each cylinder

This system was originally used on diesel engines but is also now widely used on petrol engines

Fuel Injection Systems

Multi point injection system

The multi point injection system is the most common type of fuelling system that is used on modern vehicles today

This is mainly due to the fact that this injection system can be controlled easily by the vehicles ECU

Furthermore, this type of fuelling system provides a better method of burning the fuel without much wastage. Compared with other fuelling systems

Fuel Injection Systems

Question

Name three advantageous of a single point injection system ?

Name three advantageous of a multi-point injection system ?

Fuel Injection Systems

Types of injectors

Pintle Type Injector

Original injector design

Offers good atomization of fuel

Prone to deposit build up on the Pintle valve (deposits can reduce the amount of fuel flow, and therefore the vehicle will run leaner than recommended

Fuel Injection Systems

Hole type injector

Was introduced on later engine models, initially to reduce the reduce concerns with injector depositsFuel is delivered through holes drilled in a director plate at the injector tip. Offers good fuel atomization and gives better resistance to deposit build-up.

Fuel Injection Systems

High and low resistance injector windings

Two different types of injector windings are usedThis is dependant on the type of drive circuit used,And is also dependant of weather an external resistor is being used.

Fuel Injection Systems

Low resistance injector windings

Range between 2-3Ώ at 21.1 ◦C

Used with an external resistor in a voltage controlled circuit

High Resistance circuits

Range around 13.8Ώ at 21.1 ◦C

Do not require the use of an external resistor in a voltage controlled driver circuit.

Question

What resistance should you expect a high resistance circuit to operate at ?

Fuel Injection Systems

Injector driver circuits

Fuel Injection Systems

Summary – have we ?

Fuel Injection Systems

Been able to describe the operation of an injection system within an internal combustion engine

Been able to recognize a single point injection system and a multi-point injection system

Identified how fuel and air is atomized within a fuel injection system