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Air Ground Integration (AGI)

& Capabilities Brief1-211th ARB / 2-211th GSAB

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Agenda• Task Organization• Aerial vs. Ground

Perspective • Attack / Recon Aircraft• Air-Ground Integration

• Air Assault Mission Planning

• General Support Aviation• MEDEVAC/CASEVAC• Questions

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Aerial vs. Ground Perspective

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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A Marines Perspective

What you see…

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Aviator’s Perspective

What we see…

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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3-227 th AHBAttack / Recon

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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AH-64D Apache Longbow

Cruise Airspeed ~ 110 KnotsCombat Radius ~ 250 KmFlight Time ~ 3 Hours

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Weapon Systems

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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LRF/D: Laser Range Finder / Designator

LST: Laser Spot Tracker

FLIR: Forward Looking Infrared

DTV: Day TVDVO: Direct View Optics

TADS: Target Acquisition / Designation System AN/ASQ-170

Copilot/Gunner Sight Systems

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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1-211th ARB

1-211th ARB

Callsign Example: PIRATE 13/14

AH-64D Apache – General Information

Night Capabilities:Night Vision Goggle (NVG) equippedIR Laser Pointer – Low, High, or PulseForward Looking Infra-red (FLIR) a.k.a. Thermal

Standard Weapons Load:3 x HELLFIRE Laser Guided Missiles (K2A, M, N)19 x 2.75 in. Folding Fin Aerial Rockets:

-12x Point Detonating High Explosive-4x IR illumination-3x Flechette (1179 “darts”)

330 x 30mm High Explosive Dual Purpose

Total Aloft Time: ~ 3 hoursMission Time: ~ 2 hours

UNCLASSIFIED PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

The Apache Longbow is a very capable attack platform. But like any airframe, it has limitations. Make sure you understand the distances from which weapons can be employed and distance sensors can be used for reconnaissance. It is important to understand the different munitions and what they provide. On request, the Apache can deliver visual or IR illumination over an objective – up to three minutes, per rocket.

Some aircraft are equipped with the FCR (Fire Control Radar), which can be used to quickly find and target enemy tanks, ADA, and other ground vehicles.

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Operations must be integrated so air and ground forces can simultaneously work in the operational environment to achieve a common objective. Integration maximizes combat power through synergy of both forces. The synchronization of aviation operations into the ground commander’s scheme of maneuver may also require integration of other services or coalition partners. It may also require integration of attack reconnaissance, assault, and cargo helicopters.

FM 3-04.126, Attack Reconnaissance Helicopter Operations

Air-Ground Integration - Defined

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Effective integration of Air and Ground assets is required to successfully conduct combined arms operations. Each element (air and ground) brings unique capabilities and limitations to the brigade commander. Integration starts at home station with implementation of effective SOP’s, habitual relation-ships, and air-ground team training. It continues through planning, preparation, and execution of the operation.

FM 3-20.971, Brigade Reconnaissance Troop

Air-Ground Integration – How To

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Aviation Planning Considerations

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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AGI in the Planning Process• AGI, or Air to Ground Integration, is how the ground

and air elements “get on the same page.”• Plan for aviation on appropriate missions (CCAs,

MEDEVAC, CASEVAC) – be familiar with the Air Mission Request (AMR) Process.

• Plan and predict timing of the decisive point and/or key goals that need to be accomplished

• Give specific task and purpose (update frequently)• Plan can not always be exclusively dependent upon

aviation• Understand aviation limitations, by airframe• Exchange of common maneuver graphics

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Graphic Control Measures

A-4

A-2

A-1

A-3

B-2

B-1

B-3

B-4

D-1

C-3

C-1

C-2

D-2

PL Longstreet

PL

Gru

ber

Aircraft (Interdict/Isolate)

Objective

2KM by 2KM TRP

TCP 1TCP

2

TCP 3

1 2

3 4

Are common graphics being shared?

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Key Hole CAS

A

B

C

D E

IP

AH-6

4

AH-6

4

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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CCA• CCA, or Close Combat Attack, is defined as a coordinated attack

by Army Aircraft against targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces.

• CCA communications are IAW current J-Fire, J-Brevity manuals – the ground element interfacing with aircraft should be familiar with the J-Fire Manual (FM 3-09.32) – especially brevity terms and danger close distances.

• Army Attack helicopters not considered a CAS platform – CCA is “Friendly Centric” and CAS is “Target Centric”

• Army attack provides CCA and can provide recon / ISR as necessary.

• Due to enhanced SA, habitual relationship with Army Ground Forces, Army CCA does not necessarily require terminal control from JTAC or FAC.

• Army prefers CCA method. Aircrews can conduct 5 OR 9 Line when supporting JTAC/FAC , or when customer is not familiar with CCA procedures. Army prefers the CCA 5 Line over the CAS 9 Line.

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ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Aircraft Check-In

(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)

1. Establish Initial Contact – (Ground unit in contact), this is (aircraft call sign)

2. Aircraft Team Composition and Location: ______________

3. Munitions Available: ______________________________

4. Night Vision Capability and Type: ____________________

5. Station Time: _____________________________________

6. Current Task and Purpose: __________________________

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Aircraft Check-In

“Tiger 22 this is Pirate 15. 2 x AH-64Ds currently vicinity of CP 12. We

have 300 rounds of 30mm, 2 full pods of rockets with PD, Flechette, and

IR Illum, and 3 Hellfire missiles. We are IR Laser and NVG equipped.

Our laser codes as briefed. We have 45 minutes of station time. Request

current grid, SITREP, aviation advisories and current task and purpose.

Please advise of any other assets in the vicinity, i.e. ARTY, CAS, UAS.”

What A Ground Unit Should Hear from the Aircraft

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Ground Commander SITREP

(Ground Commander to Aircraft)

1. Callsign and Composition – (Ground unit in contact), this is (aircraft call sign)

2. Friendly Location and Markings: ______________

3. Enemy Location or Last Known Contact: ______________________________

4. Mission (Task and Purpose): ____________________

5. Scheme of Maneuver: ___________________________ (update if needed)

6. Clearance of Fires: ________________________ (update if needed)

7. Indirect Fires and Unmanned Aerial Systems: __________________________

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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CCA 5-Line • CCA 5-Line Briefing is a FRAGO given from Ground to Air

• Transmission of the CCA 5-line is Clearance to Fire

• When Danger Close, Ground Commander must accept increased risk by Verbally stating “ Cleared Danger Close” with Ground Commanders Initials.

• Danger Close may be preplanned. In the event of Danger Close, it is highly recommended for ground elements to get in a defensive, prone position.

• Given in Remarks Section – Line 5

• Additional Restrictions are passed in line 5

• CCA 5-line should be passed to Air Mission Commander (AMC) as early as possible to formulate an attack plan.

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Ground Commander SITREP

“Pirate 15 this is Tiger 22. No change to previous grid provided. I am located in the 3rd vehicle in a 5 gun truck convoy. We are currently at CP14 moving south to CP19 along MSR Copper. My lead and trail vehicle are marked by VS-17 panels. We have had negative enemy contact along the route. We are approaching a previous ambush site at CP16. Conduct route recon ahead of my convoy IOT identify possible ambush locations along the route. I am the clearance of fires authority and have negative IDF or UAS systems in support of this convoy.”

What Aircraft Should Hear from the Ground Unit

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Danger Close / RED

PREPARED BY 1-211th ARB TACOPS MARCH 2014

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Questions?UNCLASSIFIED

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Air Assault Mission PlanningUNCLASSIFIED

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Air Assault

Air assault operations are the movement of assault forces using the firepower, mobility, and total integration of helicopter assets to engage and destroy enemy forces or seize and hold key terrain. Air assaults allow friendly forces to strike over extended distances and terrain to attack the enemy when and where it is most vulnerable.

FM 3-04.113

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AGENDA

• WHY DO WE DO AIR ASSAULTS?

• HOW DO WE DO AIR ASSAULTS?

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To strike over extended distances andobstacles with fast and flexibleprecision.

Can land to the X or the Y.

WHY AIR ASSAULTS?

Advantages• Ability to Bypass Obstacles• Add Flexibility/Surprise to an

Operation• Time Sensitive Targets (TSTs)

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Bypass Defenses and ObstaclesThe ability to circumvent enemy defenses and obstacles; allows the ground commander to reach areas not allowed by ground means of travel.

IED

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Flexibility/SurpriseForces the enemy to react to decisions made by the ground commander; the notion the ground commander is or can be “everywhere at once.”

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Time Sensitive Targets (TST) / MissionsProvides the ability to land to a precise place at a precise time.

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The Reverse Planning Sequence. Successful air assault execution is based on a careful analysis of METT-TC and detailed, precise reverse planning. Five basic plans that comprise the reverse planning sequence are developed for each air assault operation.

Five basic plans are:

(1) The ground tactical plan (GTP). (Ground Element Plan of Attack after Landing)

(2) The landing plan. (Where the Helicopters are going to land)(3) The air movement plan. (How the Helicopters go from base to landing

zone)(4) The loading plan. (How you are going to get on/off the helicopter)(5) The staging plan. (Planning, Preparations)

How do we do air assaults?

32

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AIR ASSAULT PLANNINGTHE FIVE AIR ASSAULT PLANS

Planning in this Sequence

AVN

GND

PZSP

STAGINGLOADINGAIR MVMNTLANDINGGND TAC PLAN

1

RP

LZ

LZ

OBJ

PZ

ACT IONS ON THE OBJBASIS FOR OTHER PLANSDEFINES ATK ROLES

LZ SELECTIONOVERWATCH PLANPATHFINDER USEA/C FLOW INTO LZ

AIR MOVE TABLEFLT ROUTESA2C2 PLANATK A/C RT RECON ARMED ESCORT

PZ SELECTIONPZ ORGANIZATIONBUMP PLAN

MARSHALL PLANPZ CONTROL

Execute in this Sequence33

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Agility is the ability of friendly forces to react faster than the enemy and is a prerequisite for seizing and holding the initiative. It is as much a mental as a physical quality.

34

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Questions?

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General Support AviationUNCLASSIFIED

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General Support Aviation Planning

Mission Configurations:– Seats in (UH): 11 personnel – Seats out (UH): 16-20 personnel– Seats in (CH): 33 personnel (CH-47F has 2 Additional Crew Seats) – CASEVAC Aircraft: (UH) 3 litters and 1 ambulatory or as many ambulatory as

seats are available on board (CH) 12 Litter, 24 Litter With Litter Kit Installed

– All flights will have 1 x AVN O/C and 1 x Ground O/C on board

PZ/LZ Selection (Supported unit responsibility)– Size – Planning dimensions: (FM 90-4)

• UH-60 – 50 meters• CH-47 – 80 meters

Sling Load Operations:– UH-60 A Max Weight 8,000 lbs– UH-60 L/M Max Weight 9,000 lbs– CH-47 Max Weight 26,000 lbs (Multiple Hook Loads)

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CH-47F Capabilities

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39

Typical Missions

• Air Assault• Resupply• Air Movement• Sling Loads• Downed aircraft recovery (DART)• Gun Raids (105 and 155mm Howitzers)• High Altitude Ops and Rescue

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• Weights– Max gross: 50,000 lbs – Basic Weight: approx 31,000 lbs – Mission Weight: approx 33,000 lbs w/fuel, msn equip– Lifting Capability: 17,000 lbs

40

Lift CapabilitiesUNCLASSIFIED

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41

External Loading

• Three hooks provide versatile loading capability for diverse missions– Center Hook: Max 26,000 lbs– Forward and Aft Hook: Max 17,000 lbs each– Tandem Loads: Max 25,000 lbs

• Bottom Line: 17,000 lbs of total lift capacity in the hot desert environment.

• Customer is responsible for rigging and certifying the load.

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42

External LoadingUNCLASSIFIED

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43

Internal Loading

• Carry 3x AF 463L Pallets or Skids (4’wide, 8’long, 52” high) weighing no more than 7500 pounds each.

• Pallets require Forklift support during upload

• Floor loaded cargo requires increased manpower and ground time requirements.

• Able to load vehicles.

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44

Internal Loading

Approx 66 passengers w/ out seat belts(Record is ~120+ passengers)

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45

Planning Considerations

• Chinooks can DESTROY equipment on PZs and LZs.– Winds in excess of 150 MPH

• Company size Chinook Air Assaults are force multipliers.

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46

“You Call, We Haul”UNCLASSIFIED

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MEDEVAC / CASEVAC

Force Multiplier:• Allows Maneuver Commander to Continue

Mission • Preserves our Greatest Assets• Builds Confidence

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CASEVAC – The movement of casualties to initial medical treatment facilities and movement of casualties to MTFs in the combat zone. It does not include en route care by medical personnel and implies that nonmedical assets are being used to move casualties.

MEDEVAC – Timely, efficient movement and en route care by medical personnel of the wounded, injured, and ill persons, from the battlefield and other locations to medical treatment facilities (MTFs). The term MEDEVAC refers to both ground and air evacuation assets.

Capabilities

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If calling for MEDEVAC, the standard format is the 10 Line, formerly 9 Line MEDEVAC. An example is provided on the next slide. In order to launch, the first 5 lines are needed – the rest can be provided en route to pick up.

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MEDEVAC RequestUNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

1 - Location of Pickup (Encrypt the coordinates) 2 - Frequency, Call sign, and Suffix (if used) NOTE: Callsign and suffix may be transmitted in the clear

3 - # of Patients by Precedence A – Urgent B – Surgery C – Priority D – Routine E – Convenience

4 - Special Equipment Required A – None B – Hoist C – Extraction equipment D – Ventilator

5 - # of Patients by Type L + # of patients (Litter) A + # of patients (Ambulatory)

6 - Security of Pickup Site N – No enemy in area P – Possible enemy in area, use caution E – Enemy in area, approach with caution X – Enemy in area, armed escort required

7 - Method of Marking Pickup Site A – Panels B – Pyrotechnic signal C – Smoke signal D – None E – Other

8 - Patient Nationality and Status A – US military B – US citizen C – Non-US military D – Non-US citizen E – Enemy prisoner of war

9 - CBRN Contamination C – Chemical B – Biological R – Radiological N – Nuclear

10 – MIST:Mechanism of InjuryInjury SustainedVital SignsTreatment Given

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Pick-up Zone Selection• Suitable

– Clear of obstructions– Area not likely for ambush– Hard packed dirt, gravel, or

pavement– Clear of vehicles and

personnel (to include ground guides)

• Not Suitable– Contains debris (commo wire,

engineer tape, loose equipment)

– Wires in vicinity– Unstaked VS-17 panels– Contains obstacles (ie.

Towers, light poles)– Not cleared of possible IEDs – Personnel marking PZ– Loose dirt (brownout

conditions)– Vicinity of a road turn (IED

target areas)

7 Paces

14 Paces

14 Paces

XTOUCHDOWN

Direction of Wind

Direction of Landing

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PZ Effects

Suitable PZ Unsuitable PZ

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UNCLASSIFIED

Questions?

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1-211th ARB / 2-211th GSAB

1-211th ARB

AH-64D Apache – General Information

Night Capabilities:Night Vision Goggle (NVG) equippedIR Laser Pointer – Low, High, or PulseForward Looking Infra-red (FLIR) a.k.a. Thermal

Standard Weapons Load:3 x HELLFIRE Laser Guided Missiles (K2A, M, N)19 x 2.75 in. Folding Fin Aerial Rockets:

-12x Point Detonating High Explosive-4x IR illumination-3x Flechette (1179 “darts”)

330 x 30mm High Explosive Dual Purpose

Total Aloft Time: ~ 3 hoursMission Time: ~ 2 hours

UNCLASSIFIED

UH-60L Blackhawk – General Information

Night Capabilities: NVG equipped, with door gunner laser

Air Assault Capabilities:11 x combat ready troops4,000 lb of cargo (40 deg Celsius)

2-211th GSAB

Callsign: MUSTANG

Callsign: PIRATE