Air Liquide Data Book

8/9/2019 Air Liquide Data Book

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Data Book

www.us.airliquide.com


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Industrial& Specialty Gas

Data Book


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CONTENTS

Absolute Temperature Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–36

Air Pressure Drop in Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Ambient Vaporizer Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Ammonia and Dissociated Ammonia Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Area Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Argon Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Carbon Dioxide Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Carbon Dioxide Cylinder Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Carbon Monoxide Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9CGA Valve Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases (Volume) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases (Weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Combustion Requirements of Typical Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Compressed Gas Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-75Densities at Various Saturation Pressures (O2, N2, Ar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Density Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Dewpoint to PPM/Percent Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22–24DURA-LINE Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Electric Vaporizer Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Energy Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Flammability Characteristics of Common Gases and Liquids . . . . . . 27–29Flash From Saturated Pressurized Liquids Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Gas Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Gas Turbine Capacity Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–58Generic Vessel Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Helium Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7High Pressure Aluminum Cylinder Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41High Pressure Steel Cylinder Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41How to Purge With Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-55

Hydrogen Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Krypton Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Length Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Medical Cylinder Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Metered Gas Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32


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CONTENTS

Methanol and Dissociated Methanol Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Minimum Safe Distance for Liquid Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Minimum Safe Distance for Liquid Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Minimum Safe Distance for Liquid Petroleum Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Miscellaneous Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Neon Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Nitrogen Refrigeration Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Oxygen Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ozone Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Physical Properties (English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Physical Properties (Metric) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Power Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Pressure Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Pressure, Temperature and Density Relationship Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Propylene Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Purging Efciency Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Refrigeration Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Refrigeration Values for Expendable Refrigerants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19SCFH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Specic Energy Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Steam Table (Saturation:Pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62–64Steam Table (Saturation:Temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59–61

Superheated Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–70Tonnage Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Tonnage Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Tube Trailer Volume Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Typical CO 2 Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Typical Liquid Customer Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Vapor Release Liquid Hydrogen Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Velocity Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 VGL Parts Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Volume Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Weight Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Xenon Conversion Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8


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INTRODUCTION

This book is designed to provide a convenient source of information

for anyone who works with or studies industrial gases. It is publishedby Air Liquide America, a subsidiary of Air Liquide, the world’s largestindustrial gas company. Through Air Liquide America, Air Liquidemarkets tonnage and merchant gases to industrial, commercial, andpublic facilities throughout North America. Air Liquide is active in morethan 60 countries around the world.

The data is based on sources using standard industry references. It isbelieved to be accurate, but is recommended for use as a guidelineonly. More detailed information can be obtained by contacting your

Air Liquide America representative.

Put Safety First!

In handling industrial gases or working in environments where they arepresent, beware of confined spaces where there is a limited oxygensupply. Conned spaces that may present a danger include:

• Tanks on railroad cars and highway vehicles, storage tanks,mixing tanks

• Air separation cold boxes and similar insulated cavities, silos,

furnace boxes, combustion chambers, etc.• Pits and deep depressions, sewers, etc.

• Reaction kettles, stills, receivers, steam drums

• Acetylene generators and gas holders

In situations where atmospheric air is not provided or where breathingequipment is not available, you should follow the Tank Procedures of

Air Liquide America or other organizations.

All data set forth herein is provided for general information only and is based on generally accepted tests and on published datafrom standard technical reference works. The accuracy orcompleteness of any such information, test, or data is notwarranted in any way.


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O X Y G E N C O N V E R S I O N D A T A

N I T R O G E N C O N V E R S I O N D A T A


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A R G O N C O N V E R S I O N D A T A

N E O N C O N V E R S I O N D A T A


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H E L I U M C O N V E R

S I O N D A T A

H Y D R O G E N C O N V E R S I O N D A T A


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O Z O N E C O N V E R S I O N D A T A

C A R B O N M O N O X I D E C O N V E R S I O N

D A T A


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C A R B O N D I O X I D E C O N V E R S I O N D A T A

P R O P Y L E N E C O N V E R S I O N D A T A


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M E T H A N O L A N D

D I S S O C I A T E D M E T H A N O L C O N V E R S I O N D A T A

A M M O N I A A N D D

I S S O C I A T E D A M M O N I A C O N V E R S I O N D A T A


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T O N N A G E C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S *


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1 0 0

9 0

8 0

7 0

6 0

5 0

4 0

3 0

2 0

1 0

1 0 0

9 0

8 0

7 0

6 0

5 0

4 0

3 0

2 0

1 0

S c f / M o ( m i l l i o n s )

T o n s

P e r

D a y

N i t r o g e n

O x y g e n

T O N N A G E C O N V E R S I O N C H A R T


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A R E A C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S

V O L U M E C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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L E N G T H C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S

W E I G H T C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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D E N S I T Y C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S

P R E S S U R E C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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E N E R G Y C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S

S P E C I F I C E N E R G

Y C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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P O W E R C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S

R E F R I G E R A T I O N

C O N V E R S I O N F A C

T O R S


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R E F R I G E R A T I O N

V A L U E S T O + 4 0 º F F O R E X P E N D A B L E R E F R I G E R A N T S

N I T R O G E N R E F R I G E R A T I O N C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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V E L O C I T Y C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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M I S C E L L A N E O U S C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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D E W P O I N T T O P P M C O N V E R S I O N T A B L E


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P H Y S I C A L P R O P E R T I E S ( E N G L I S H )


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F L A M M A B I L I T Y C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

O F C O M M O N G A S E S A N D L I Q U I D S


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C O M B U S T I O N C O N S T A N T S O F H Y D

R O C A R B O N G A S E S ( W E I G H T )


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C O M B U S T I O N C O N S T A N T S O F H Y D

R O C A R B O N G A S E S ( V O L U M E )

C O M B U S T I O N R E Q U I R E M E N T S O F T Y P I C A L F U E L S


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M E T E R E D G A S C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S


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G A S C O N V E R S I O

N F A C T O R S


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CompressedAir at

60 ° F &14.7 psia

60 ° F &100 psig

Air pressure drop in pounds per square inchper 100 feet of Schedule 40 pipe

for air at 100 psig and 60 ° F

12345

68

10

1520

2530354045

5060708090

100125150175200

225250

275300325

350375400425450

475500550600650

700750800850900

950

1,0001,1001,2001,300

1,4001,5001,6001,8002,000

0.1280.2560.3840.1530.641

0.7691.0251.282

1.9222.563

3.2043.8454.4865.1265.767

6.4087.6908.97110.2511.53

12.8216.0219.2222.4325.63

28.8432.04

35.2438.4541.65

44.8748.0651.2654.4757.67

60.8864.0870.4976.9083.30

89.7196.12102.5108.9115.3

121.8

128.2141153.8166.6

179.4192.2205.1203.7256.3

1/4"

0.0830.2850.6051.041.58

2.233.895.96

13.022.8

2-1/2"

0.0190.023

0.0290.0440.0620.0830.107

0.1340.164

0.1910.2320.270

0.3130.3560.4020.4520.507

0.5620.6230.7490.8871.04

1.191.361.561.741.95

2.18

2.402.893.444.01

4.655.316.047.659.44

3/8"

0.0180.0640.1330.2260.343

0.4080.8481.26

2.734.76

7.3410.514.218.423.1

3"

0.0210.0280.036

0.0450.055

0.6660.0780.090

0.1040.1190.1340.1510.168

0.1870.2060.2480.2930.342

0.3950.4510.5130.5760.642

0.715

0.7880.9481.131.32

1.521.741.972.503.06

1/2"

0.0200.0420.0710.106

0.1480.2550.356

0.3341.43

2.213.154.245.496.90

8.4912.216.521.427.0

3/4"

0.027

0.0370.0620.094

0.2010.345

0.5260.7481.001.301.62

1.992.853.834.966.25

7.6911.917.023.130.0

1"

0.0190.029

0.0620.102

0.1560.2190.2930.3790.474

0.5780.8191.101.431.80

2.213.394.876.608.54

10.813.3

16.019.022.3

25.829.633.637.9

1-1/4"

0.026

0.0390.0550.0730.0950.116

0.1490.2000.2700.3500.437

0.5340.8251.171.582.05

2.593.18

3.834.565.32

6.177.058.029.0110.2

11.312.515.118.021.1

24.327.931.835.940.2

1-1/2"

0.0190.0260.0350.0440.555

0.0670.0940.1260.1620.203

0.2470.3800.5370.7270.937

1.191.45

1.752.072.42

2.803.203.644.094.59

5.095.616.798.049.43

10.912.614.216.018.0

20.0

22.126.731.837.3

2"

0.0190.0270.0360.0460.058

0.0700.1070.1510.2050.264

0.3310.404

0.4840.5730.673

0.7760.887

1.001.131.26

1.401.551.872.212.60

3.003.443.904.404.91

5.47

6.067.298.6310.1

11.813.515.319.323.9

AIR PRESSURE DROP IN PIPE


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Absolute Zero

Helium Boils

Hydrogen Boils

Neon Boils C r y o g e n

i c R e g

i o n

Nitrogen Boils

Argon Boils

Oxygen Boils

Krypton Boils

Xenon Boils

Coldest on Earth

CO 2 SublimesBitter Cold WeatherCelsius = FahrenheitFahrenheit Zero

Water Freezes

Human Body

Water Boils

K = ° C + 273.15 ° C = 5/9 ( ° F – 32 ° )

KelvinK

Celsius° C

373.15

310.15

273.15

255.37233.15

227.59194.68

180.38

165.04

119.81

90.18

87.28

77.36

27.09

20.27

4.22

0

100 °

37 °

0 °

–17.78°

–40 °

–45.56 °

–78.47 °

–92.77 °

–108.11 °

–153.34 °

–182.97 °

–185.87 °

–195.79 °

–246.06 °

–252.88 °

–268.93 °

–273.15 °

ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE CHART


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Absolute Zero

Helium Boils

Hydrogen Boils

Neon Boils

Nitrogen Boils

Argon Boils

Oxygen Boils

Krypton Boils

Xenon BoilsColdest on Earth

CO 2 SublimesBitter Cold WeatherCelsius = FahrenheitFahrenheit ZeroWater Freezes

Human Body

Water Boils

° F = 32 ° +( ° C x 9/5) ° R = ° F + 459.67

Fahrenheit° F

Rankin° R

212 °

98.6 °

32 °

0 °

–40

–50 °

–109.25 °

–135°

–162.59 °

–244.01 °

–297.35 °

–302.57 °

–320.42 °

–410.90 °

–423.19 °

–452.08 °

–459.67°

671.67 °

556.27 °

491.67 °

459.67 °

419.67 °

409.67 °

350.42 °

324.67°

297.08 °

215.66 °

162.32 °

157.10 °

139.25 °

48.77 °

36.48 °

7.59 °

0°

C r y o g e n

i c R e g

i o n

ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE CHART


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D E N S I T I E S A T V A

R I O U S S A T U R A T I O

N P R E S S U R E S


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Pressure Over Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon

Compared with Temperature at Which Liquids Boil

Density–Temperature Relationshipsfor Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0- 3 2 0

- 3 0 0

-2 8 0

-2 6 0

-2 4 0

-2 2 0

-2 0 0

-1 8 0

- 3 2 0

- 3 0 0

-2 8 0

-2 6 0

-2 4 0

-2 2 0

-2 0 0

-1 8 0

- 3 4 0

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

P r e s s u r e – P

S I G

Temperature ° F

Tem erature°

F

D e n s i

t y o f

L i q u

i d –

P o u n d s

P e r

G a l

l o n

N i t r o

g e n

A r g o

n

O x y g

e n

-1 6 0

O x y g e n

A r g o n

N i t r o g e n

PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS


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70

60

50

40

30

20

10

040 80 120 160 200 240 PSIG

N2*

O2*

Ar*

N2†

O2†

Ar†

FLASH FROM SATURATED PRESSURIZED LIQUIDS

*Flash gas as a percentage of liquid after depressurization toatmospheric pressure.

† Flash gas as a percentage of saturated pressurized liquid.

Example: Estimate how much vapor is released when 1000 gallonsof liquid nitrogen at 80 psig is withdrawn from a vessel into a

transport trailer at atmospheric pressure.

Solution: From the chart above, using the lower line with thestorage tank pressure of 80 psig, the vapor released in 18% ofthe liquid discharged.


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40

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Pressure In Storage Tank – PSIG

P e r c e n t

– %

Liquid vaporizedmeasured as a percentof liquid in receiver

at 1 ATM pressure

Liquid vaporizedmeasured as a percentof liquid dischargedfrom storage tank

VAPOR RELEASE LIQUID HYDROGEN


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M E D I C A L C Y L I N D E R S P E C I F I C A T I O

N S

M

C y l

i n d e r

M o

d e

l

D O T S p e c

D i m e n

t i o n s

N o m

i n a l

W e i g h

t

S e r v i c e

P r e s s u r e

W a t e r

C a p a c

i t y ( v o l u m e )

i n c h e s c m l b

s . k g

. p s

i

3 A A 2 0 1 5

7 x

4 3

1 7 8 x

1 0 9 . 2

6 1 . 3

2 7 . 8

2 0 1 5

b a r s

c u . i

n .

1 3 8 . 9

1 3 4 5

E

3 A A 2 0 1 5

4 . 1 8 x

2 5 . 7

5

1 0 . 6

x 6 5

. 4

1 0 . 5

4 . 7 6

2 0 1 5

1 3 8 . 9

2 9 5

D

3 A A 2 0 1 5

4 . 1 8

x 1 6

. 7 5

1 0 . 6 x

4 2 . 5

7 . 5

3 . 3 9

2 0 1 5

1 3 8 . 9

1 8 0

l i t e r s

2 2 . 0

4

4 . 8 4

2 . 9 5

M e

d i c a

l B

3 A A 2 0 1 5

3 . 3 1 x

1 3 . 1 2 5

8 . 4 x

3 3 . 3

4 . 1 8

1 . 8 9

2 0 1 5

1 3 8 . 9

8 8 1 . 4 4

5 " 1 0 "

1 5 "

2 0 "

2 5 "

3 0 "

4 0 "

4 5 "

3 5 "

5 0 "

5 5 "

6 0 "

M

E

D

M e d

i c a l

B


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C A R B O N D I O X I D E C Y L I N D E R S P E C I F I C A T I O N S

5 0 L B S .

C y l

i n d e r

M o

d e

l

D O T S p e c

D i m e n

t i o n s

N o m

i n a l

W e i g h

t

S e r v i c e

P r e s s u r e

W a t e r

C a p a c

i t y ( v o l u m e )

i n c h e s c m l b

s . k g .

p s i

3 A A 1 8 0 0

8 . 6 2 5 x

4 5 . 3 8

2 1 . 9

0 8 x

1 1 5 . 2

8 4 . 9

3 8 . 5

1 8 0 0

b a r s

c u . i

n .

1 2 4 . 1

2 1 6 0

2 0 L B S

.

3 A A 1 8 0 0

7 . 7 5 x

2 3 . 2

5

1 9 . 6

8 5 x

5 9 . 0

3 1 . 2

1 4 . 9

5

1 8 0 0

1 2 4 . 1

8 4 0

1 5

L B S

.

3 A A 1 8 0 0

7 . 0 x

2 2 . 8

8

1 7 . 7 8

x 5 8

. 1 1 5

3 0

1 3 . 6 1

1 8 0 0

1 2 4

. 1

6 4 4

l i t e r s

3 5 . 4

1 3 . 7

7

1 0 . 5 5

1 0 L B S

.

3 A A 1 8 0 0

7 . 0 x

1 8 . 0

1 7 . 7

8 x

4 5 . 7 2

2 3 1 0

. 4 3

1 8 0 0

1 2 4 . 1

4 9 5

8 . 1 1

5 L B S

.

3 A A 1 8 0 0

5 . 7 3 x

1 4 . 0

1 3 . 3

8 5 x

3 5 . 6

1 0 . 1

4 . 5 8

1 8 0 0

1 2 4 . 1

2 2 1

3 . 6 2

2 . 5 L B S

.

3 A A

1 8 0 0

3 . 5 6 x

1 4 . 6

2

9 . 0 4 2 x

3 7 . 1

3 5

5 . 2

5

2 . 3

8

1 8 0 0

1 2 4 . 1

1 0 8

1 . 7

7

1 0 O Z

.

3 E 1 8 0 0

1 . 9 4 x

1 1 . 8

8

4 . 9 2 8 x

3 0 . 1

7 5

2 . 3

1 . 0 4

1 8 0 0

1 2 4 . 1

2 5 . 5

0 . 4 1 8

5 " 1 0 "

1 5 "

2 0 "

2 5 "

3 0 "

4 0 "

4 5 "

3 5 "

5 0 "

5 5 "

6 0 "

5 0 L B S .

2 0 L B S

.

1 5 L B S

.

1 0 L B S

.

5 L B S

.

2 . 5 L B S

.

1 0 O Z

.


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CGA VALVE SPECIFICATIONS


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1 Liquid Valve 2 Economizer Regulator 3 Vent Valve 4 Burst Disc Dura-Cyl: 400 Psig Dura Max: 500 Psig 5 Pressure Gauge 7 Pressure Building Regulator 8 Pressure Building Valve 9 Liquid Level Gauge10 Vacuum Casing Burst Disc11 Gas Use Valve

1 Gas Use Valve with Fitting2 Liquid Valve with Fitting3 Pressure Building Valve4 Vent Valve with Fitting5 Pressure Building Regulator6 Pressure Gauge7 Economizer

6

4

8

5

9

2

5

111

2

3

4

Vaporizer

PressureBuildingCoil

1098

7

1

7

3

VGL PARTS DESCRIPTION


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D U R A - L

I N E S P E C I F I C A T I O N S


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T U B E T R A I L E R V O L U M E C A P A C I T I E S


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G E N E R I C V E S S E L I N F O R M A T I O N


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LiftingLugs

Perlite InsulationEvacuation to aHigh Vacuum

Liquid Level andPressure Guages

High PressureAmbient AirVaporizer

Concrete Pad

Relief Valve

Bottom Fill Valve

Trailer Fill Connection

Top Fill Valve

Gaseous Product

to Customer

Final Line

Regulator

Vapor Space: 250 psig,Working Pressure

Liquid Product:Argon, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Inner Tank: 9% Nickel Steel,Aluminum, or Stainless Steel

Outer Tank,Carbon Steel

TYPICAL LIQUID CUSTOMER STATION


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E L E C T R I C V A P O R I Z E R S P E C I F I C A T I O N S

S T E A M

V A P O R I Z E R S P E C I F I C A T I O N S


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A M B I E N T V A P O R

I Z E R S P E C I F I C A T I O N S

M I N I M U M

S A F E D I S T A N C E F O R L I Q

U I D P E T R O L E U M

G A S


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MINIMUM SAFE DISTANCE FOR LIQUID OXYGEN


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L i q u i

d

C o n n e c

t i o n s

S a f e t y

R e l

i e f V a l v e

V a p o r

S u p p l y

V a p o r i z e r

R e t u r n

L i q u

i d L e v e

l a n d

P r e s s u r e

G u a g e s C

o n c r e t e

P a d

L i q u i

d S u p p l y

( V a p o r

i z e r

)

F i l l

C o n n e c t

i o n s

B I G

T H R E E

A N A I R L I Q U I D E G R O U P C O M P A N Y

R e f r i g e r a t

i o n

U n i

t

I n s u

l a t i o n

I n n e r

S t e e l

V e s s e l

O u t e r

F i b e r g l a s s

S h e l l

A B

5 '

7 ' 4 "

C

T Y P I C A L C O

2 V E S S E L ( H O R I Z O N T A L )

T Y P I C A L C O

2 V

E S S E L ( V E R T I C A L )


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HOW TO PURGE WITH NITROGEN

Nitrogen purging is easily adapted to any process installation. Different

methods are used depending on the type and shape of the equipmentto be purged and on the location of the purging inlets and outlets.

1. Displacement PurgingThis method is used for equipment with simple cross sections such aspipelines. The volume of nitrogen required corresponds to the physicalvolume of the pipe. In many pipelines, a rubber scraping piston, or“pig,” is introduced and propelled through the pipe by the nitrogenpressure to clean the line.

The nitrogen volume required to purge equipment with a simple crosssection is determined using the following formula:

V = VoP/14.7

Where: V = Total nitrogen volume required (scf) Vo = Water volume of pipeline (cf)P = Absolute pressure of nitrogen in the pipeline

during purging (psia)

2. Pressurization Purging

This method is used when conditions do not permit a sweeping actionof nitrogen through the vessel. The vessel is repeatedly pressurizedand mixed with nitrogen gas and then the mixture is exhausted. Thetotal volume of nitrogen depends on the number of pressurizing purgesrequired to reduce the contaminant to an acceptable level and can bedetermined by using this formula:

V = 1.2nV oP/P aWhere:

V = Total nitrogen volume required (scf) Vo = Water volume of pipeline (cf)P = Absolute pressure of nitrogen in the pipeline

during purging (psia)

Pa = Absolute pressure after exhaust (psia)n = Number of purges = (log C – log C o )/(log P a – log P)Co = Initial content of gas to be removedC = Final content of gas to be removed


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

109

8765

4

3

2

.198765

4

3

2

.01

98765

4

3

2

.001

( C / C o )

Theoretical Tank Volumes of Nitrogen

Purging Technique:1. Displacement2. Dilution Pf = Pi = 14.73. Dilution Pi = 14.7; Pf = 29.44. Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 24.75. Pressure Purge Pi = 19.7; Pf = 34.7

Where Pf = pressure final

1 2 34 5

Pi = pressure initial

PURGING EFFICIENCY (C/Co) AS A FUNCTION OF NITROGEN VOLUME(TANK VOLUMES) FOR VARIOUS PURGING TECHNIQUES


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G A S T U R B I N E C A P A C I T Y T A B L E


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G A S T U R B I N E C A P A C I T Y T A B L E ( c o n

t i n u e

d )


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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S A T U R A T I O N : T

E M P E R A T U R E )


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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S A T U R A T I O N : T



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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S

A T U R A T I O N : T



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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S A T U R A T I O N : P

R E S S U R E )


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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S

A T U R A T I O N : P

R E S S U R E )


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S T E A M

T A B L E ( S

A T U R A T I O N : P

R E S S U R E )


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S U P E R H E A T E D V A P O R


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T e m p e r a

t u r e — D e g r e e s

F a h r e n h e i

t

A b s

. P r e s s .

l b / s q

i n

S a t . T e m p .

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v

4 5 0

h

( 4 5 6

. 2 8 )

s v

5 0 0

h

( 4 6 7

. 0 1 )

s v

5 5 0

h

( 4 7 6

. 9 4 )

s v

6 0 0

h

( 4 8 6

. 2 1 )

s v

7 0 0

h

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. 1 0 )

s v

8 0 0

h

( 5 1 8

. 2 3 )

s v

9 0 0

h

( 5 3 1

. 9 8 )

s v

1 0 0 0

h

1 . 1

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– – – – – – – – – – –

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3 2

. 5

. 2 9 4 5

1 . 3

3 0 0

1 . 3

5 6 4

1 . 3

7 8 3

1 . 4

5 7 6

1 . 5

1 3 9

1 . 5

6 0 3

1 . 6

3 8 4

1 . 7

0 5 5

1 . 7

6 6 0

0 . 1

4 8 4

0 . 1

6 8 6

0 . 2

2 9 4

0 . 2

7 1 0

0 . 3

0 6

1

0 . 3

6 7 8

0 . 4

2 4 4

0 . 4

7 8 4

1 1 3 2

. 3

1 1 7 6

. 8

1 3 0 3

. 6

1 3 8 7

. 8

1 4 5 8

. 4

1 5 8 5

. 3

1 7 0 6

. 1

1 8

2 6

. 2

1 . 2

6 8 7

1 . 3

0 7 3

1 . 4

1 2 7

1 . 4

7 7 2

1 . 5

2 7 3

1 . 6

0 8 8

1 . 6

7 7 5

1 . 7

3 8 9

0 . 0

9 8 4

0 . 1

7 6 0

0 . 2

1 5 9

0 . 2

4 7 6

0 . 3

0 1 8

0 . 3

5 0 5

0 . 3

9 6 6

1 0 6 0

. 7

1 2 6 7

. 2

1 3 6 5

. 0

1 4 4 1

. 8

1 5 7 4

. 3

1 6 9 8

. 0

1 8

1 9

. 9

1 . 1

9 6 6

1 . 3

6 9 0

1 . 4

4 3 9

1 . 4

9 8 4

1 . 5

8 3 7

1 . 6

5 4 0

1 . 7

1 6 3


T e m p e r a

t u r e —

D e g r e e s

F a h r e n

h e i t

A b s

. P r e s s .

l b / s q

i n

S a t . T e m p .

5 0 0 º

5 5 0 º

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6 6 0 º

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8 0 0 º

9 0 0 º

1 0 0 0 º

1 2 0 0 º

1 4 0 0 º

1 6 0 0 º

v

1 1 0 0

h

( 5 5 6

. 3 1 )

s v

1 2 0 0

h

( 5 6 7

. 2 2 )

s v

1 4 0 0

h

( 5 8 7

. 1 0 )

s v

1 6 0 0

h

( 6 0 4

. 9 0 )

s v

1 8 0 0

h

( 6 2 1

. 0 3 )

s v

2 0 0 0

h

( 6 3 5

. 8 2 )

s v

2 5 0 0

h

( 6 6 8

. 1 3 )

s v

3 0 0 0

h

( 6 9 5

. 3 6 )

s

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

– – –


71/79

70


T e m p e r a

t u r e —

D e g r e e s

F a h r e n

h e i t

A b s

. P r e s s .

l b / s q

i n

S a t . T e m p .

5 0 0 º

5 5 0 º

6 0 0 º

6 2 0 º

6 4 0 º

6 6 0 º

6 8 0 º

7 0 0 º

8 0 0 º

9 0 0 º

1 0 0 0 º

1 2 0 0 º

1 4 0 0 º

1 6 0 0 º

v

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3 2 0 6

. 2

h

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

( 7 0 5

. 4 0 )

s

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

– – –

v

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3 5 0 0

7 8 0

. 5

0 . 9

5 1 5

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0 . 9

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7 5 3

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9

8 5

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. 3

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. 1

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1 . 5

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6 9 6

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. 6

1 . 6

4 5 2

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. 8

1 . 6

3 3 6

0 . 2

5 8 1

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. 7

1 . 6

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0 . 2

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1 6 7 3

. 5

1 . 5

9 9 0

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. 3

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0 . 1

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. 0

1 . 5

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0 . 3

7 0 3

1 8 1 7

. 2

1 . 7

0 8 0

1 8 1 3

. 6

1 . 6

9 6 8

0 . 2

9 4 3

1 8 0 7

. 2

1 . 6

7 9 5

0 . 2

6 0 2

1 8 0 0

. 9

1 . 6

6 4 0

0 . 2

3 2 9

1 7 9 4

. 5

1 . 6

4 9 9

0 . 2

1 0 6

1 7 8 8

. 1

1 . 6

3 6 9

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3 8 1

h

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

s

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

v

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4 0 0 0

h

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

s

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

v

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4 5 0 0

h

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

s

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

v

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5 0 0 0

h

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

s

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

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–

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–

5 5 0 0

h

–

–

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s

–

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–

–


72/79

71

C O M P R E S S E D G A S C Y L I N D E R S 4 9

C y l

i n d e r

S i z e

S e r v i c e

P r e s s u r e

* I d e a

l G a s a t

S T P

* * N o n - r e t u r n a

b l e c y

l i n d e r .

P r i c e o f c y

l i n d e r

i n c l u

d e d i n t h e p r

i c e o f

t h e g a s .

N o

t e :

L B X i s a n

L B c y l

i n d e r w

i t h a

C G A v a

l v e o

t h e r

t h a n

1 7 0 o r

1 8 0

A p p r o x i m a t e

C a p a c

i t y *

O u t s i

d e D i a m e t e r

H e i g h

t w / o V a l v e

T a r e

W e i g h

t w / V a l v e

I n t e r n a l

W a t e r

V o l u m e

p s i g

l i t e r s

c u . f

t .

i n c h e s

i n c h e s l b

s .

2 4 0 0

8 0 7 1

2 8 5

9 . 2 5 5 5 1 4

3

l i t e r s

c u . i

n .

4 9 2 9 9 0

4 4 L

2 0 1 5

5 9 7 6

2 1 1 9 5 1 1 1

2 4 4 2 6

8 5

4 4

2 2 6 5

6 7 4 0

2 3 8 9 5 1 1 3

3 4 4 2 6

8 5

4 4 H

3 5 0 0

9 4 8 7 3 3 5 1 0 5 1 1 8 9 4 4 2 6

0 7

4 4 H H

6 0 0 0

1 3 9 9 0

4 9 4

1 0 5 1 3 0 3

4 2 . 9

2 3 8 3

1 6

2 0 1 5

2 1 8 1 7 7 7 3 2

. 5 6 3 1 6 9 7

6

7 2 0 1 5

9 3 4 . 6

3 3 6 . 2 5

1 8 . 5

2 8 7 4 2 7

3 2 0 1 5

3 9 6 . 5

1 4 4 . 2 5

1 6 . 7

5 1 1 3 1 8

3

1 "

2 2 0 0

1 4 7

5 . 2

4 . 2

7 . 2 5 6

0 . 9 8 6 0

L B "

1 8 0 0

5 3 . 8

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5 0 . 4 4 2 7

L B X "

1 8 0 0

5 3 . 8

1 . 9 2 1 2 4 .

5 0 . 4 4 2 7

M e

d E

2 0 1 5

5 6 6 2 0 4 2 6 1 4 4 .

5

2 7 5

H i g h P r e s s u r e

M i l d S t e e

l

5 " 1 0 "

1 5 "

2 0 "

2 5 "

3 0 "

4 0 "

4 5 "

3 5 "

5 0 "

5 5 "

6 0 "

6 5 "

4 9

4 4 H

4 4 H H

4 4 L

4 4

1 6

M e d

E

7

3

L B * *

L B X * *

1 * *


73/79

72

C O M P R E S S E D G A S C Y L I N D E R S

1 2 5

C y l

i n d e r

S i z e

S e r v i c e

P r e s s u r e

* I d e a

l G a s a t

S T P

* * A c e

t y l e n e

C y l

i n d e r w

i t h a c e t o n e

* * * N o n - r e t u r n a

b l e c y

l i n d e r

A p p r o x i m a t e

C a p a c

i t y *

O u t s i

d e D i a m e t e r

H e i g h

t w / o V a l v e

T a r e

W e i g h

t w / V a l v e

I n t e r n a l

W a t e r

V o l u m e

p s i g

l i t e r s

c u . f

t .

i n c h e s

i n c h e s l b

s .

4 8 0

4 0 7 6

1 4 4

1 5 5 4 . 5

1 5 9

l i t e r s

c u . i

n .

1 2 5

7 6 2 8

1 1 0

2 6 0

1 9 8 2 7 0 1 5 4 5 7 3 1 1

0 6 7 1 2

7 0 * *

2 5 0

1 1 8 9 4

4 2 0

1 2 4 3 . . 5

1 8 7

7 0 4 2 7 1

5 5 3 0 0 1 1 2 1

3 9 . 6

1 0 5 1 5 6 5 5 3 3 5 6

2 2 U P

2 4 0

3 6 8

1 3 1 2 1 8 2 1 2 2 1 3 4 2

2 2 L P A L

2 4 0

3 6 8

1 3 1 2 2 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 4 2

1 1 L P

2 4 0

2 0 0 7 9 1 7 1 6 1 2 7 3

2

1 1 L P A L

2 4 0

2 0 0 7 1 0 1 6 1 1 1 2 7 3

2

4 D * * *

2 4 0

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5 1 . 1 6 7 1

L o w

P r e s s u r e

C y l i n

d e r s

5 " 1 0 "

1 5 "

2 0 "

2 5 "

3 0 "

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5 0 "

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2 2 L P

2 2 L P A L

1 1 L P A L

1 1 L P

5 5

4 D * * *


74/79

73

C O M P R E S S E D G A S C Y L I N D E R S

3 0 A L

C y l

i n d e r

S i z e

S e r v i c e

P r e s s u r e

* I d e a

l G a s a t

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