Hydrogen Powered Bus Fleets Hydrogen Supply & Fueling

National Fuel Cell Bus Workshop October 5, 2011 - New Orleans, LA

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Agenda

! Air Liquide hydrogen fueling experience

! Overview of hydrogen supply and equipment options

! Description of the Whistler Station

! Supply mode comparison

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Air Liquide: Hydrogen experience

Hydrogen: 40 years in industry

H2 Turnover 2009 : 1,3 Billion euros

1800 km of pipelines >1000 trucks >6 Billion Nm3/year

50 large H2 Plants

Hydrogen energy experience

-  Light vehicle refueling -  Project Driveway stations- NY and CA

-  Mass transit stations -  Whistler Station operated by BC Transit -  Oslo, Norway

-  Materials handling forklift applications

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Hydrogen fueling of bus fleets

Benefits and synergies

!  Near zero emissions

!  High power conversion efficiency

!  Centralized fueling !  High H2 throughput helps to drive down capex

!  Fueling schedules somewhat defined and repeatable

!  Stations easily expandable

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Hydrogen Supply Alternatives

GH2

LH2 Liquid trailer

200 – 500 bar tube trailer

On site production

SMR

Electrolysis

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Compression Technologies

GH2

LH2 Liquid pump and vaporization

Gas booster

Membrane compressor

~ 10 kg/day

~ 100-1000 kg/day

Gas compression

(Up to 1000bar)

Vaporization

> 1000 kg/day

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Typical Air Liquide Hydrogen Supply & Bus Refueling System

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The Vancouver Whistler Project

!  One of the worlds largest H2 fueling stations

!  20 bus fleet

!  12-15 buses per day

!  Fill rate 5 kg/min

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Hydrogen Sourcing

Local Back-up

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H2 Storage

!  LH2 Storage tanks !  2 x 20,000 USG tanks

•  Each holds 5,300 kg

•  Total of 10 Tons onsite

•  ~ 10- 12 days at the ‘Maximum’ consumption

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Fueling Station Summary

50 kg fills in ~ 10 minutes

10 Tons of storage Onsite

99.9% Availability

24H/7D operation

Remote Monitoring

No limit on number of consecutive fills

Specifications

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Refueling System Design - Safety Stds

! Equipment integrity monitored by ! Leak test instrumentation

! Gas sensors

! Flame detectors

! All systems wired with Emergency Stop push buttons

! Construction specifications as per NFPA 52, 55 and 2

! All equipment certified for use ! ASME/DOT approval for vessels

! Electrical equipment UL listed ! Dispensers labeled by Intertek

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Modes of supply comparison

Bulk

Liquid: !  Low distribution cost

!  Good security of supply

!  Dependent on proximity to source

!  Costs dependent of fuel prices

!  Infrastructure costs are higher

!  Excellent for large volumes

Gas: !  High distribution cost

!  Needs to be close to source

!  Costs dependent of fuel prices

!  Infrastructure costs are lower

!  Good for smaller volumes < 50 kg/day

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Modes of supply comparison

Onsite

SMR: !  Economics favor larger volumes

!  Good security of supply

!  Cost dependent on natural gas prices

!  Can be used with renewable sources

!  Can be combined with stationary power

Electrolysis: !  Wide range of production volumes

! Cost dependent on power rates

!  Can be combined with wind or solar power

!  Produces a waste stream of pure oxygen

!  Can be combined with stationary power

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Cost vs. Volume Based on Supply Mode

Assumptions: 30 kg/day per bus

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Summary

! Bus fleets provide a good opportunity to minimize H2 refueling costs ! Centralized filling

! High volumes

! Current compression and dispensing technologies have a proven vehicles can be fueled safely and efficiently

! Natural gas supplies in the US and onsite H2 production offer cost advantages over diesel

! Renewable sources of methane and power offer the ability to produce “green” hydrogen

! Multiple H2 energy applications can be combined at a single station to improve efficiencies and lower operating costs

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Thank you !