CGC Technical Campus, Jhanjeri

Presented by

Presentation on environmental Pollution

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AbhilashaAkash sharmaAkash grewalAkshatAkshayAman bhauAmit DhanjalAmit kaushikAmandeep

Branch:- CSE Section:- A+B

Presented to:- Ms.Shilpa (EVS lecturer)

There are many kinds of pollution :-1.Air pollution

2.Water pollution3.Soil Pollution

4.Marine Pollution 5.Noise Pollution

6.Thermal pollution

POLLUTION

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AIR POLLUTION

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Outline of Presentation:

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Air PollutionDefinitionTypesAir PollutantsSources of Air Pollutants Impacts of Air PollutionAir Pollution Control

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Definition: The phenomena of presence of one

or more contaminants in air due to natural phenomena or by human activities in such amount and duration that may adversely affect human, animals or plants life , property or comfort is called Air Pollution.

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Types Of Air Pollution: These are of 2 types:1- Indoor Air Pollution (inside home) :-Smoking, Stove, Insecticide, Cosmetics, Cleaning

material, etc.

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2- Outdoor Air Pollution:Atmospheric Air Pollution Vehicles, Factories, Volcanic eruption etc.

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Air Pollutants/ Contaminants: The substances which contaminate air are

called air pollutants.Air Pollutants are categorized in Two broad

Categories:

(a) Primary: Primary pollutants are those released

directly into the air. Such as CO, NO2, SO2 etc.

(b) Secondary:Primary Pollutants are converted into other

compounds in atmosphere due to chemical reaction with each other or Photochemical reaction, e.g Smog, HNO3, H3SO4, SO3, O3.

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Sources of Air Pollutants: There are Two main sources:-1- Natural Sources: Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion,

pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and natural radioactivity.

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2- Human-made sources: Burning fuels (mobile or stationary), power

plants , fertilizers , fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish and many cleaning products.

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Main Air Pollutants: There are several air pollutants, but Six of

them are very common which are known as “ Criteria Pollutants” which are :-

1) Carbon mono oxide (CO)2) Lead (Pb)3) Nitrogen di-oxide (NO2)4) Ozone (O3)5) Sulphur di-oxide (SO2)6) Particulate Matter

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Main Pollutants and their health Impacts:

1- Carbon Monoxide: Colorless, odorless & toxic gas.Formed when carbon-containing fuel is not

burned completely.Motor vehicles are the predominant source

of carbon monoxide.Impacts:Decrease O2 carrying capacity of bloodWeakens heart contractionAffects lungs and brain function

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2- Lead (Pb): Highly toxic metal used in household

products, Automobile fuel, Industrial chemicals. Airborne lead associated automobile

exhaust.

Impacts: Damage central nerves system. Damaging mental development of young

children.

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3- Ozone (O3):Ozone is a pungent-smelling, colorless

gas. The highest ozone levels occur on hot

summer afternoons.

Impacts:Reduce lungs function. Weakens the immune system.Skin cancer.Destroy crops & forest.

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4- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Belongs to a family of gases called

sulphur oxides (SOX).Roughly one-third of atmospheric sulfur

compounds come from human-made sources.

 Of this one-third, only 5% of SO2 emissions come from mobile sources.

Impacts:Respiratory and pulmonary difficulties; React with NOX and other chemicals

cause acid rain.

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5-Nitrogen Oxides (NOX):Comprise a family of highly reactive gases (NO2 ,NO and N2O). The burning of fossil fuels, produce NO and

NO2.

In the atmosphere, NO reacts to form NO2.

Impacts:NO2 is a lung irritant, Cause of acid rain, Cause ground level ozone.

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6- Particulate Matter (PM):PM either solid particles or liquid

droplets.Measured in micrometers (µm).

Impacts:Inhaled and lodged in the lungs and

produce respiratory illness.

Impacts of Air pollution on Environment

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Acid RainGlobal warming and Green House effectsOzone Layer DepletionSmog

ACID RAIN

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Acid rain is caused when the pollutants combine with water droplets in the air

Acid rain increases acidity of Soil and Water ,thus affecting land , flora and fauna

It corrodes buildings , monuments, bridges and railing etc.

Buildings like Taj Mahal , British parliament , and many buildings and monuments in Italy and Greece are under Danger due to Acid Rain.

Global Warming and Green House effect

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The increase in the temperature of atmosphere due to presence of CO2 is called “Green House Effect”

If CO2 concentration is increased more Infra red radiations will the trapped leading to global rise in temperature called “global warming”

Global warming has lead to melting of ice caps and glaciers leading to increase in sea level and changing weather patterns.

OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

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Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere .

The release of CFC’s from heating , aerosol cans , and refrigeration equipments leads to depletion of ozone layer

Ozone layer protects us from the UV rays but due to depletion of ozone layer , exposure to U.V radiations has lead to many serious problems.

SMOG

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Smog is a type of large scale outdoor pollution .

Smog is a combination of smoke and fog.

It is of 2 types:- photochemical and coal induced smog

Photochemical – is a mixture of pollutants which includes particulates , nitrogen oxides etc.

Coal induced –formed by mixture of sulphur dioxide , smoke and water.

Fig. 18-22, p. 491

SOLUTIONS

Stationary Source Air Pollution

Prevention

Burn low-sulfur coal Disperse emissions

above thermal inversion layer with tall smokestacksRemove sulfur

from coal

Remove pollutants after combustion

Convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel

Shift to less polluting energy sources

Tax each unit of pollution produced

Dispersion or Cleanup

Fig. 18-23, p. 491

SOLUTIONS

Motor Vehicle Air Pollution

Prevention CleanupUse mass transit Require

emission control devices

Walk or bike

Use less polluting fuelsImprove fuel efficiency

Inspect car exhaust systems twice a yearGet older,

polluting cars off the roadGive large tax write- offs or rebates for buying low-polluting, energy efficient vehicles

Set strict emission standards

Fig. 18-26, p. 493

SOLUTIONS

Air PollutionOutdoor Indoor

Improve energy efficiency to reduce fossil fuel use

Reduce poverty

Distribute cheap and efficient cookstoves or solar cookers to poor families in developing countries

Rely more on lower-polluting natural gasRely more on renewable energy (especially solar cells, wind, and solar-produced hydrogen)

Reduce or ban indoor smoking

Transfer energy efficiency, renewable energy, and pollution prevention technologies to developing countries

Develop simple and cheap tests for indoor pollutants such as particulates, radon, and formaldehyde

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Thank You