GITAM INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY
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AN AIRPORT
SIMULATION
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A multi-threaded airport simulation
Overview
A critical step of the project is to design a modeling and
simulation infrastructure to experiment and validate the proposed
solutions.
The ever growing demand of air transport shows the
vulnerability of the current air traffic management system:
congestion, time delays, etc. particularly in poor whether
conditions.
The project is focused on controller and pilot assistance
systems for approach and ground movements. The critical step of
the project was to design an airport modeling and simulation
infrastructure to improve the safety and efficiency of ground
movements in all whether conditions. It simulates the arrivals and
departures at an airport in a time sequence. During every minute,
planes may enter the system, they may land, they may take off, or
they may crash. The project must keep track of planes, assign
planes to runways, execute the take offs and landings, and keep
track of status of each plane, runway and terminal.
So the finally made computer software should model
various aspects of the total airports operation-connecting airside
and landside, literally from the airspace to the curb.
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As part of case study, following analysis diagrams will be created
1. Use cases for the system.
2. Class diagram for initially identified classes.
3. Activity diagram to show flow for each use case.
4. Sequence and collaboration diagrams.
5. State chart diagram shows states before and after each
action.
Conceptualization
Assumptions:
o All takeoffs take the same amount of time and all landings
take the same amount of time (though these two times
may be different).
o Planes arrive for landing at random times, but with a
specified probability of a plane arriving during any given
minute.
o Planes arrive for takeoff at random times, but with a
specified probability of a plane arriving during any given
minute.
o Landings have priorities over takeoffs.
o Planes arriving for landing have a random amount of fuel
and they will crash if they do not land before they run out
of fuel.
Input will be:
o The amount of time needed for one plane to land.
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o The amount of time needed for one plane to takeoff.
o The probability of a plane entering the landing queue in
any given minute.
o The probability of a plane entering the takeoff queue in
any given minute.
o The maximum minutes until a plane waiting to land will
crash.
o The status of each runway, plane and terminal.
The output of the program will be:
o Total simulation time.
o The number of planes that took off in the simulated time.
o The number of planes that landed in the simulated time.
o The average time a plane spent in the takeoff queue.
o The average time a plane spent in the landing queue.
o Updated status of each runway, plane, and terminal.
Key terms:
o Aircraft simulation.
o Airport: runways, terminals, planes, control room.
o Aircraft: passengers, model no, cockpit, pilots.
o Function points:
Transmit/receive signals
Pilot sends signals for takeoff/landing
Loop
-Check status of each runway
-Finalize a free runway
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-Assign the runway to the plan
Update status of runway and terminal
Get the plane landed safely
Check if time left for next departure
Loop
-Check the status of each terminal
-Validate if terminal suitable for particular aircraft
-Assign terminal to aircraft
Get the plane parked in the terminal.
Update status of terminal
Requirement analysis:
Textual analysis:
This covers the requirements and diagrams of the project.
The complete simulation of airport control system.
Actors:
These are who are involved in interaction of the whole
process.
1. Technical head: He is the person who supervises the
controls the ground traffic on runway. He checks the status
of runways and assigns the free runways and terminals for
take off and landing.
2. Pilot: He is the person who controls the aircraft. He transmits
or receives signals regarding the free runways and terminal
from the control room. He is responsible for the safe landing
or takes off of the planes.
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Use cases:
The steps involved in the whole process are indicated as use
cases:
o Transmit / Receive signals.
o Check availability of runways.
o Land the plane.
o Check if time left for next departure.
o Check for free terminal.
o Update status of runway, terminal.
1. Transmit / Receive signals: The pilot in the aircraft
transmits signals for requesting a free runway to take off
or land. The control room on the ground receives these
signals from the aircrafts.
2. Check availability of runway: The status of each runway
in the airport is checked if it’s free and its going to be free
until the particular aircraft is landed or takes off. If this is
going to be free then the runway number is transmitted to
the pilot on aircraft.
3. Land the plane: The plane is landed safely on the airport
as per directions given by the control room regarding
runway and timings.
4. Check if time left for next departure: If the plane leaves
immediately after landing then assign again a runway for
take off. If there is still time then the plane has to be
parked in a terminal.
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5. Check availability of terminals: The status of each
terminal is to be checked to find a free terminal. It should
be checked whether that particular model of plane fits
into that terminal. Then that particular terminal has to be
assigned to the plane.
6. Update status: The status of runway and terminal are to
be set to be using while using them. The status has to be
immediately changed as soon as the work is complete.
This should be supervised carefully to avoid collisions
and crashes of aircrafts.
Classes:
The classes contain the attributes and operations related to
them the main classes classified in this solution are:
1. Control Room: He is the person who supervises the
controls the ground traffic on runway. He checks the
status of runways and assigns the free runways and
terminals for take off and landing.
2. Plane-Cockpit: He is the person who controls the aircraft.
He transmits or receives signals regarding the free
runways and terminal from the control room. He is
responsible for the safe landing or takes off of the plane.
3. Runway: This is the part the planes uses to land or take
off only one plane can use a runway at a time to take off
or land.
4. Terminal: This is the place where the planes are parked
until the next departure. The terminals differ in size and
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shape. The plane suitable fro that particular terminal is to
be parked in it.
5. Take off / Land: The leaving of plane is called take off
and coming back to runway is called landing. The runway
is used for either purpose.
Diagrams
The diagrams are of two types:
1. Static diagrams
Static diagrams are again divided into four:
a)Class diagram
b) Object diagram
c) Component diagram
d) Deployment diagram
a. Class diagram
A class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces and collaborations and their relationships. Classes of airport simulation are:
CLASS ATTRIBUTES OPERATIONS
Control room -Technical head –no of staff –systems to control
+Receive signals form planes (). +Check for free runway () +send runway no () +check time for next departure () +Look for free terminal () +send terminal no to plane () +Get palne parked ()
Take off/Landing -runwayno –flight no –status –time taken
+Update status of runway after each take off or landing ()
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Plane-Cockpit -no of pilots –flight no –destination -timings
+Send signals to ground station () +receive runway no () +Land on runway () +Request terminal if time left for next departure () +Receive terminal no () +Get the plane parked in the terminal ()
Terminal -no of terminals -size of terminal –flight model which fits in –status of terminal
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Runway -no of runways -length of runway –status of runway –free timings –runway no
+Update status of runway after each take off or landing()
2. Dynamic Diagrams
They are divided into five:
1. Usecase Diagram: Organizes the behavior of the system.2. Sequence Diagram: Focused on the time ordering of
messages.3. Collaboration Diagram: Focused on structural organization of
the objects that send and receive messages.4. Statechart Diagram: Focused on changing state of system
driven by events.5. Activity Diagram: Focused on the flow of control from activity
to activity.
1. Use case diagram
A use case diagram shows a set of use cases and actors and their relationships.
Actors Use cases
Technical head .Transmit/Receive signals
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.Look for free runway .Check whether conditions .Give directions to aircrafts .Look for free terminal .Get the plane parked in the free terminal Pilot .Transmit/receive signals .Land or take off the plane safely .Give acknowledgement about the timings to control .Get the plane into the free terminal
2. Sequence Diagram: A diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the time ordering of messages. It consists of set of objects and actor.
Actors 1. Technical head: He is the person who supervises the controls the ground traffic on runway. He checks the status of runways and assigns the free runways and terminals for take off and landing. 2. Pilot: He is the person who controls the aircraft. He transmits or receives signals regarding the free runways and terminal from the control room. He is responsible for the safe landing or takes off of the planes.
Objects 1. Runway: This is the path the plane uses to land or take off. Only one plane can use a runway at a time to take off or land. 2. Take off/Landing: The leaving of plane is called take off and coming back to runway is called landing. The runway is used for either purpose. 3. Whether Conditions: The whether department decodes the atmospheric data files from the current whether conditions and sends them to the control room. The systems in the control room checks whether the condition is suitable for landing the planes. 4. Terminal: This is the place where the planes are parked until the next departure. The terminals differ in size and shape. The plane suitable for that particular terminal is to be parked in it.
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5. Cockpit: He is the person who controls the aircraft. He transmits or receives signals regarding the free runways and terminal from the control room. He is responsible for the safe landing or takes off of the planes.
3. Collaboration Diagram:A collaboration diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the structural organization of the objects that send and receive messages. It shows set of objects, links among those objects and messages sent and received by those objects.
4. State Chart Diagram:A state chart diagram shows a state machine, consisting of states, transitions, events and activities. It emphasizes the event ordered behavior of an object, which is especially useful in modeling reactive systems.
5. Activity Diagram:An activity diagram shows the flow from activity to activity within a system. It emphasizes the flow of control among objects.
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