Air Quality and Air Quality and Climate Change Climate Change Challenges in Challenges in

California and the California and the Bay AreaBay Area

Jack P. BroadbentExecutive Officer/Air Pollution Control Officer

1

Presentation to the

Power Association of Northern California (PANC)City Club of San Francisco

March 17, 2015

Bay Area Air QualityBay Area Air QualityManagement District Management District (BAAQMD)(BAAQMD)

Established in 1955

100+ cities

7 million people

5 million vehicles

Mission: To protect and improve public health, air quality, and the global climate

Mission StatementMission Statement

VisionA healthy breathing environment for every Bay Area resident.

Mission To protect and improve public health, air quality, and the global climate.

Summary of Ozone SeasonsSummary of Ozone Seasons(April through October)(April through October)

YearYear

NationalNational

8-Hour8-Hour

StateState

1-Hour1-Hour

StateState

8-Hour8-Hour

20112011 44 55 1010

20122012 44 33 88

20132013 33 33 33

20142014 55 33 1010

Spare the Air Alerts: 5/12, 5/13, 5/14, 6/8, 6/9, 7/25, 8/1, 9/11, 9/12, 10/3

Days > 0.075 ppm 8-hour NAAQS: 4/30, 5/1, 5/14, 10/4, 10/5

Ozone Exceedance Trends Ozone Exceedance Trends 1968 to Present1968 to Present

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Nu

mb

er

of

Da

ys

Year

Number of Days Exceeding the National 8-hour Standard (0.075ppm)

3-Yr Running 8-Hour Average

Days Exceeding the Ozone Standard

Winter PMWinter PM2.52.5 Seasons Seasons(November through February)(November through February)

YearDays > 35

µg/m3

Winter Spare the Air Alerts

2011/2012 11 15

2012/2013 1 10

2013/2014 15 30

2014/2015 6 23• Spare the Air Alert Called for: 11/9, 11/25, 11/26, 11/27, 12/28, 12/29, 1/2, 1/3,

1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, 1/11, 1/12, 1/15, 1/16, 1/17, 1/24, 1/25, 2/3

• Days > 35 µg/m3 24-hr NAAQS: 1/3, 1/6, 1/8, 1/14, 1/15, 1/16

PMPM2.52.5 Exceedance Trends 2000 Exceedance Trends 2000 to Presentto Present

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Nu

mb

er

of

Da

ys

Year

Number of Days Exceeding the National 24-Hour Standard (35 ug/m3)

3-Yr Running 24-Hour

Days Exceeding the PM2.5 Standard

Disproportionately Impacted Disproportionately Impacted Communities Communities

Air Quality in the Bay AreaAir Quality in the Bay Area

Current Perspective Perspective

Much progress has been made Still need to drive down emission to achieve

State / Federal standards Strong public support for reducing emissions

from major sources Strong support for GHG reductions

ToolsTools

Regulations

Incentives

Education and Outreach

Recent Key EffortsRecent Key Efforts

Commuter Benefits Program

Implementation of AB 32 Programs

Cement, Metal Melting Operations

Current Rulemaking EffortsCurrent Rulemaking Efforts

Refinery Emissions Tracking and Mitigation

Refinery Emissions Reduction Strategy 20% reduction in emissions by 2020 Additional 20% reduction in health risk by 2020

Multiple Amendments for Multiple Amendments for Refinery OperationsRefinery Operations

Date Reg.-Rule

Description Pollutant

3/92, 1/98, 11/02, 1/04

8-18 Equipment leaks at refineries ROG

3/92 8-22, 8-25

Leaks from valves and flanges ROG

1/93, 12/99, 10/06

8-5 Storage tanks ROG

1/94, 12/10, 10/13

9-10 Boilers, steam generators, process heaters

NOX

12/97, 3/98, 12/05

8-28 Leaks from pressure relief valves ROG

6/03 12-11 Refinery flare monitoring All

1/04 8-10 Process vessel depressurization ROG

9/04 8-8 Refinery wastewater separators ROG

7/05, 4/06 12-12 Refinery flares All

12/05 8-44 Marine loading operations ROG

7/07 9-8 Stationary internal combustion engines NOx, PM

4/09 8-33, 8-39

Gasoline bulk terminals ROG

4/12 8-53 Vacuum trucks ROG

Regulation 12-15 and 12-16Regulation 12-15 and 12-16

Regulation 12, Rule 15: Petroleum Refining Emissions Tracking Upgraded reporting of air pollutants, including GHG Report crude oil characteristics Updated refinery-wide Health Risk Assessments Enhanced fence line and community air monitoring

Regulation 12, Rule 16, Petroleum Refining Emissions Analysis, Thresholds and Mitigation Causal analysis if emissions increase significantly above

baseline Mitigation plan to reduce emissions to levels consistent

with baseline within two years

Back-Up Generator Rule Back-Up Generator Rule (BUG)(BUG) 6,700 back-up generators permitted in the Air

District 40% of these predate EPA emissions standards A subset of these older, dirtier engines pose

potential health risks due to nearby sensitive receptors

Upcoming rule will impose PM emissions controls on older engines near sensitive receptors

Expected reduction of black carbon will help protect climate

Current Rules Directed at Current Rules Directed at Power GenerationPower Generation

Regulation 9, Rule 9: Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide from Stationary Gas Turbines

GHG Emission Reduction GHG Emission Reduction EffortsEffortsTwo region-wide GHG reduction planning efforts:

1.1.Air District’s Regional Climate Protection StrategyAir District’s Regional Climate Protection Strategy• Air District’s regional goal - reduce Bay Area GHG emissions 80%

below 1990 levels by 2050

• Framework for how the Air District will lead the region in making progress toward this goal

• Included in Air District’s 2015

Clean Air Plan

GHG Reduction EffortsGHG Reduction Efforts

2.2. Plan Bay Area – prepared by Plan Bay Area – prepared by regional partners MTC & ABAGregional partners MTC & ABAG• Collaborative effort to reduce GHG

emissions from light duty vehicles

• Required by state legislation (SB 375), integrates land use/housing and transportation planning

• GHG reduction targets: 7% per capita by 2020; 15% per capita by 2035

• Adopted in 2013; next update underway for 2016-217

Total Bay Area GHG Emissions 2011: 86 MMT/year

Getting to 2050Getting to 2050

• Requires transformational change that must occur at the national, state, regional and local levels

• How will the Bay Area Air District complement the State of California’s actions in meeting this target?

California’s Path to 2050

Regional Climate Protection Regional Climate Protection StrategyStrategy

Key elements of the Strategy:Key elements of the Strategy:

• Background on climate action planning • Climate change impacts to the Bay Area• Regional GHG inventory & projections• Economic sector GHG analyses• Strategies & actions moving forward• Integration with strategies to reduce air pollution

What is the best role for the Air What is the best role for the Air District?District?

Economic GHG Sector Economic GHG Sector AnalysisAnalysisThe heart of the Strategy will assess GHG emissions in nine The heart of the Strategy will assess GHG emissions in nine economic sectors:economic sectors:

• Agriculture• Natural & Working

Lands• Energy

• Transportation• Stationary Sources• Short-lived Climate

Pollutants

• Green Buildings• Water• Waste

Through a sector-by-sector analysis of:Through a sector-by-sector analysis of:

•Major GHG sources & trends•Analysis of federal, state, regional, and local GHG reduction policies•GHG reduction priorities and strategic opportunities for the Air District•Best role and value added by the Air District

Incentives for Electric Incentives for Electric Vehicles and Charging Vehicles and Charging StationsStations Vehicles For Public Agencies (Available Now):

o $2,500 for light-duty electric and hydrogen fuel cell (H2) vehicles, and zero emissions motorcycles;

o $1,000 for light-duty plug-in hybrids and $500 for neighborhood electric vehicles

Charging Stations (scheduled to open mid-May 2015)o Level 2, Level 1, and DC Fast chargers at key

destination sites, workplaces, multi-unit dwellings, and along major transportation corridors

Electric and H2 light-duty fleets and heavy-duty vehicles (scheduled to open by July 2015)

PG&E ApplicationPG&E Application

PG&E has applied to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) for permission to build in its Northern and Central California service territory: o ~25,000 Level 2 electric vehicle chargers (at multi-family dwellings,

retail centers, and workplaces)o ~ 100 DC Fast Chargers (in metropolitan areas)

Cost would be “shared” by all electric customers (PG&E estimates that a typical residential customer would pay about 70 cents more per month over the period 2018 to 2022.)

CPUC is currently reviewing 2 similar proposals(from SDGE and SCE) and is expected to make a determination on those in late 2015. CPUC is NOT expected to begin rulemaking on PG&E’s application until 2016.

Spare the AirSpare the Air

Winter Spare the Air Results

30% of Bay Area households reduced their wood burning

Support for the Wood Burning Rule remains strong and consistent over the past three seasons at 75%.

Summer Spare the Air ResultsDECREASE in the number of motorists driving alone in their car

o 2012 = 55.1%o 2013 = 52.7%o 2014 = 49.7%

INCREASE in the number of motorists who carpoolo 2012 = 20.7%o 2013 = 20.8%o 2014 = 25.9%

Summary PerspectiveSummary Perspective

• Air District’s Spare the Air programs continue to demonstrate results – key component of clean air strategy

• Continue multi-faceted approach toward achieving clean air goals through a combination of regulations, outreach, incentives, guidance & tools, and collaborations

• Climate change continues to be a significant and growing focus of our clean air strategy in the Bay Area

Climate RulemakingClimate Rulemaking

Rules that address various GHG emissions:

Regulation 3, Schedule T: Greenhouse Gas Fee

Regulation 9, Rule 7: Nitrogen Oxides & Carbon Monoxide from Industrial, Institutional & Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators & Process Heaters

Regulation 12, Rule 7: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioner Refrigerants

Regulation 12, Rule 11: Flare Monitoring

Climate RulemakingClimate Rulemaking

Regulation 8 Rules that reduce Methane:

Rule 10: Process Vessel Depressurization

Rule 18: Equipment Leaks

Rule 28: Episodic Releases from Pressure Relief Devices at Petroleum Refineries & Chemical Plants

Rule 34: Solid Waste Disposal Sites

Rule 37: Natural Gas & Crude Oil facilities

Rule 44: Marine Vessel Loading Terminals

Rule 53: Vacuum Truck Operations

Questions?Questions?

Contact informationJack P. Broadbent

jbroadbent@baaqmd.gov415-749-5052