Date post: | 02-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | bhaskar-kumar |
View: | 220 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 30
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
1/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Air and meteorological monitoring parameters
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
2/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Classification of air pollutants Primary pollutants (emitted directly to the atmosphere) Secondary pollutants (formed by reactions involving primary pollutants and
other constituents within the atmosphere)
Classification of sources of air pollutants Stationary sources Mobile sources
Sources
Natural sources Anthropogenic sources Urban sources
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
3/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Primary air pollutants
Secondary air pollutants
are formed from sunlight that results in photochemical reactions of !with one or more ofthe primary air pollutants"
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
4/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Legislation regarding the concentration limits
Order no. 592/22revi#ed by Order !!"/2#for establishing the limit values and the
evaluation methods of several primary pollutants in the environmental air (imisii)
Pollutant $ourly limit %alue&a%erage ' h(
)aily limit %alue
&a%erage 2! h(
Annually limit %alue forhuman health protection
&a%erage ' year(
Annually limit %alue for%egetation protection
&a%erage ' year(
SO2 $%& 'gm$ !% 'gm$ * !& 'gm$
*O+*O2 !&& 'gm$ * +& 'gm$ $& 'gm$
Particulate,atter &P,'(
* %& 'gm$ !& 'gm$ *
Lead * * &"% 'gm$ *
-enene * * % 'gm$ *
CO * & mgm$ * *
Oone !& 'gm$ * ,"&&& 'gm$h *
Arsenic * * - 'gm$ *
Cadmium * * % 'gm$ *
*ic0el * * !& 'gm$ *
Added 1y Order !!"/2#
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
5/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Legislation regarding the concentration limits
Order no. 592/22for establishing the limit values and the evaluation methods of several
primary pollutants in the environmental air (imisii)
SO2 .luorescence in ultraviolet
*O+*O2 /hemiluminescence
Particulate,atter &P,'(
/ollection of PM&on filters and mass measurement (gravimetric) or
01M method
Lead /ollection of lead on filters and AAS
-enene Aspiration on a filter cartridge and gas chromatographyCO Nondispersive infrared spectrophotometry (N234)
Oone U5 photometry
eference methods for concentration measurement
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
6/30
Air quality monitoring
*ational *et3or0 for Air 4uality ,onitoring &*,CA(
333.calitateaer.ro
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
7/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
omanian legislation regarding the concentration limits
Order no. !2/'996 regarding emissions from stationary sources (emisii)
4efers to emissions produced by Stationary sources 5ehicles
3nfrastructures designed to transportation 6urning installations .uel burning
Measurements are mandatory for the installation owner"
0he results are to be registered and archived by the owner"
0he limits are given according to the source"3f the limits are e7ceeded8 the polluter pays"
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
8/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Order no. !2/'996
6urner supplied with li9uid fuel
7hermal po3er 80/t:
Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5
Suspended particulates mgNm$ %& %& %& %&
/ mgNm$ :& :& :& :&
S7(e7pressed in S
!) mgNm$ :&& :&& :&& :&&
N7(e7pressed in N
!) mgNm$ +%& +%& +%& +%&
6urner supplied with solid fuel
7hermal po3er 80/t:
Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5Suspended particulates mgNm$ && && && &&
/ mgNm$ !%& !%& !%& !%&
S7(e7pressed in S
!) mgNm$ !&&& !&&& +&& +&&
N7(e7pressed in N
!) mgNm$ %&& +&& +&& +&&
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
9/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Order no. !2/'996
6urner supplied with natural gas
7hermal po3er 80/t:
Pollutant ;nit < ' ' = 6 6 = 5 > 5
Suspended particulates mgNm$ % % % %
/ mgNm$ && && && &&
S7(e7pressed in S
!) mgNm$ $% $% $% $%
N7(e7pressed in N
!) mgNm$ $%& $%& $%& $%&
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
10/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,ethods and instrumentation
Passive sampling methods
Active sampling methods
Automatic methods
4emote optical * long path analy#ers
Any instrument measures $ types of values;
3nstantaneous value
0
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
11/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,ethods and instrumentation
?as measurement using spectroscopic methods
Spectrophotometryis based on the interaction of the gas molecules with light"
hc=
A1sor1tion techniques> it is measured the intensity of light after passing through
a gaseous medium" Usually absorption is measured at several fre9uencies in order to
avoid offests and interferences with other species" 0here are + principles;
2ifferential ptical Absorption Spectroscopy (2AS)
.ourier 0ransform 3nfrared (.034)Non*2ispersive 3nfrared (N234)
0unable =aser 2iode Absorption Spectroscopy (0=2AS)
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
12/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,ethods and instrumentation
?as measurement using spectroscopic methods
@mission techniques> e7cite molecules of the gas and then e7amine the light
emitted as they return to their ground state" 0he signal is passed through a narrow*
band filter and measured with a photomultiplier tube"
.lame photometry
/hemiluminescence
U5 fluorescence
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
13/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of car1on monoide &CO( 1y B photometry
'm+8-)? =
A @ log(33o) @ ab/-eers la3
3&3
A @ absorbance
a @ absorbtion coefficient
b @ path length
/ @ concentration
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
14/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of car1on monoide &CO(
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
15/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of car1on monoide &CO( 1y B photometry
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
16/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Schematic of a N234 head
,easurement of car1on monoide &CO( 1y B photometry
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
17/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring,easurement of nitric oides &*O( 1y chemiluminescence
N $@@B N! ! hv (&"- > $ 'm)
Chemiluminescent reaction
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
18/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence
17citation
S& hCe7D S
.luorescence (emission)
SD S& hCem heat
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
19/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence
Ai i i i
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
20/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring,easurement of sulphur dioide &SO2( 1y ;D fluorescence
7eledyne '@
;D EluorescenceSO2 Analyer
4anges; &*%& ppb to &*!&8&&& ppb full scale8 user selectable or autoranging
Units; ppb8 ppm8 Egm$8 mgm$
Fero noise; G &"! ppb (4MS)
Span noise; G &"%H of reading (4MS) above %& ppb=ower 2etectable =imit (=2=); &8+ ppb
=inearity; H of full scale
Precision; &"%H of reading above %& ppb
Analog outputs; &58 %58 58 &"58 selectable
Serial outputs;
Serial Port ; 4S*!$! (26*IM)
Serial Port !; standard 4S*!$! or optional4S*+,% (26*I.)8 1thernet
Ai li i i
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
21/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring?as chromatography
?as chromatography
&%ideo clip(
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
22/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of Dolatile Organic Compounds &DOC(
Photo=Boniation )etector &PB)(
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
23/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of Dolatile Organic Compounds &DOC(
Photo=Boniation )etector &PB)(
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
24/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
Eraction Sie range
PM&
(thoracic fraction)
J & 'm
PM!"%
(respirable fraction)
J !"% 'm
PM!"%> PM&
(coarse fraction)
!"% * & 'm
PM
(fine fraction)
J 'm
Ultrafine (U.P or UP) J &" 'm
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
Aerosol @ particles gas
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
25/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
?ra%imteric method
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
26/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
-eta Attenuation ,ethod
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
27/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
-eta Attenuation ,ethod
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
7echnical specifications
Source /arbon*+ (/*+)8 G $": M69
,easurement ange & to "&8 !"&8 $"&8 %"&8 &"& mgm$
& to &&8 8&&&8 !8&&&8 $8&&&8 %8&&&8 &8&&& 'gm$
,inimum )etection Limit - 'gm$(! hour)8 + 'gm$(hour)
$ 'gm$($ hour)8 'gm$(!+*hour)
esolution &" 'gm$
Precision K!"& 'gm$
G ,& 'gm$
8 +*% 'gm$
B ,& 'gm$
(!+*hour average)Accuracy &for mass measurement( K %H using N3S0*traceable mass foil set
,odelG -A,='2 @n%iro7echnology
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
28/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
Optical method
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
29/30
Environmental monitoring
Air quality monitoring
,easurement of suspended particles &particulate matter F P,(
7apered @lement Oscillating ,icro1alance &7@O,(
Air quality monitoring
8/10/2019 Air Quality Measurement
30/30
Air quality monitoring,easurement of gaseous pollutants using electrochemical sensors
e5Ln pre#ena ga#elor de
reducere
Gaz!
1
Sn!*7 Sn!*7
e5
Ln aer
! !
1
Sn!*7 Sn!*7
,etallic oide )etected gases
0i!
8 .e!
$
8 /o8 Fn8 Fr!
8 Sn!
8 =a!
$
!
/r!
$8 Ni8 Fn8 Fr
!8 Sn
!8 3n
!
$/
.e!
$8 .e
$
+8 /o
$
+8 Fn /
+
Sn!8 5 N
7
Fn8 Al!
$
8 Sn!
halogens
= OPCAR
4 @ resistance
A8 Q @ constants
/ @ gas concentration