2014 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report for Bedford Borough Council In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management April 2014
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 1
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 2
Local Authority Officer
Melanie Crump
Department Environmental Health and Trading Standards
Address Borough Hall Caudwell Street Bedford MK42 9AP
Telephone 01237 718099
e-mail melaniecrumpbedfordgovuk
Report Reference number
BBCAQPR14
Date 30th April 2014
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 3
Executive Summary
This Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is
exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre AQMA in
comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013 have shown a significant
improvement Only 29 of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean
objective compared to 65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air
quality This is also reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both
stations have measured a decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum
hourly mean
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting further data on areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact from the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 6
11 Description of Local Authority Area 6
12 Purpose of Progress Report 6
13 Air Quality Objectives 7
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9
2 New Monitoring Data 18
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 18
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 28
3 New Local Developments 43
31 Road Traffic Sources 43
32 Industrial Sources 44
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources 44
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 44
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy 45
5 Planning Applications 46
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 47
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan 48
Sustainable Development in Bedford 50
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 52
8 Climate Change Strategies 53
9 Implementation of Action Plans 54
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 55
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 55
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 55
103 Other Conclusions 56
104 Proposed Actions 57
11 References 59
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 1
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 2
Local Authority Officer
Melanie Crump
Department Environmental Health and Trading Standards
Address Borough Hall Caudwell Street Bedford MK42 9AP
Telephone 01237 718099
e-mail melaniecrumpbedfordgovuk
Report Reference number
BBCAQPR14
Date 30th April 2014
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 3
Executive Summary
This Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is
exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre AQMA in
comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013 have shown a significant
improvement Only 29 of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean
objective compared to 65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air
quality This is also reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both
stations have measured a decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum
hourly mean
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting further data on areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact from the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 6
11 Description of Local Authority Area 6
12 Purpose of Progress Report 6
13 Air Quality Objectives 7
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9
2 New Monitoring Data 18
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 18
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 28
3 New Local Developments 43
31 Road Traffic Sources 43
32 Industrial Sources 44
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources 44
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 44
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy 45
5 Planning Applications 46
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 47
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan 48
Sustainable Development in Bedford 50
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 52
8 Climate Change Strategies 53
9 Implementation of Action Plans 54
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 55
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 55
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 55
103 Other Conclusions 56
104 Proposed Actions 57
11 References 59
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 2
Local Authority Officer
Melanie Crump
Department Environmental Health and Trading Standards
Address Borough Hall Caudwell Street Bedford MK42 9AP
Telephone 01237 718099
e-mail melaniecrumpbedfordgovuk
Report Reference number
BBCAQPR14
Date 30th April 2014
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 3
Executive Summary
This Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is
exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre AQMA in
comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013 have shown a significant
improvement Only 29 of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean
objective compared to 65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air
quality This is also reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both
stations have measured a decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum
hourly mean
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting further data on areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact from the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 6
11 Description of Local Authority Area 6
12 Purpose of Progress Report 6
13 Air Quality Objectives 7
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9
2 New Monitoring Data 18
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 18
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 28
3 New Local Developments 43
31 Road Traffic Sources 43
32 Industrial Sources 44
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources 44
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 44
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy 45
5 Planning Applications 46
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 47
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan 48
Sustainable Development in Bedford 50
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 52
8 Climate Change Strategies 53
9 Implementation of Action Plans 54
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 55
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 55
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 55
103 Other Conclusions 56
104 Proposed Actions 57
11 References 59
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 3
Executive Summary
This Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is
exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre AQMA in
comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013 have shown a significant
improvement Only 29 of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean
objective compared to 65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air
quality This is also reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both
stations have measured a decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum
hourly mean
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting further data on areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact from the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 6
11 Description of Local Authority Area 6
12 Purpose of Progress Report 6
13 Air Quality Objectives 7
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9
2 New Monitoring Data 18
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 18
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 28
3 New Local Developments 43
31 Road Traffic Sources 43
32 Industrial Sources 44
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources 44
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 44
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy 45
5 Planning Applications 46
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 47
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan 48
Sustainable Development in Bedford 50
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 52
8 Climate Change Strategies 53
9 Implementation of Action Plans 54
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 55
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 55
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 55
103 Other Conclusions 56
104 Proposed Actions 57
11 References 59
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 4
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 6
11 Description of Local Authority Area 6
12 Purpose of Progress Report 6
13 Air Quality Objectives 7
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9
2 New Monitoring Data 18
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 18
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 28
3 New Local Developments 43
31 Road Traffic Sources 43
32 Industrial Sources 44
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources 44
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 44
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy 45
5 Planning Applications 46
6 Air Quality Planning Policies 47
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan 48
Sustainable Development in Bedford 50
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 52
8 Climate Change Strategies 53
9 Implementation of Action Plans 54
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 55
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 55
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 55
103 Other Conclusions 56
104 Proposed Actions 57
11 References 59
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 5
List of Tables
11 Air Quality Objectives
12 Summary of previous Review and Assessment
21 Details of automatic monitoring sites
22 Bias adjustment factors
23 Details of non-automatic monitoring sites
24 Results of automatic monitoring sites annual mean
25 Results of automatic monitoring sites hourly mean
26 Results of diffusion tubes 2009 ndash 2013
List of Figures
11 Map of AMQA 5
21 Location of automatic monitoring sites
22 Prebend Street monitoring station
23 Lurke Street monitoring station
24 Map of non-automatic monitoring sites
25 Trends in annual mean at Prebend Street monitoring site
26 Trends in annual mean at Lurke Street monitoring site
27 Trends in annual mean at diffusion tube sites
Appendices
Appendix A National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2012
QAQC of automatic monitoring
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 6
1 Introduction
11 Description of Local Authority Area
Bedford Borough Council was vested as a unitary authority on 1st April 2009 Bedford
Borough Council includes the main town of Bedford plus Kempston and 44 rural
parishes Bedford is a modern town with an historic past plus excellent rail links to
London and the Midlands 60 of the Boroughrsquos 6359 hectares are Green Belt The
2012 Census population estimate for Bedford Borough was 159200 which
represented a 65 increase since 2001
The busy A1 and A6 run through the Borough with the M1 in easy reach The main
sources of air pollutants are busy and congested roads with the main access to the
Bedford town centre from the south constrained by the river Great Ouse and the three
bridges that cross it near the town centre Previously the brickworks in Stewartby
were the major source of air pollution until brick making at the site ceased in
November 2008 There are about 54 other minor industrial processes that are
regulated by the Council plus other processes regulated by the Environment
Agency
12 Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) the Air Quality Strategy
for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and
Technical Guidance documents The LAQM process places an obligation on all local
authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas and to determine
whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved Where
exceedences are considered likely the local authority must then declare an Air
Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)
setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 7
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the LAQM process
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports or to require as much effort However if the Progress Report identifies the
risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective the Local Authority (LA) should
undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately and not wait until the next round of
Review and Assessment
13 Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043) and are shown in Table 11 This table shows the
objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre microgm3 (milligrams per cubic metre
mgm3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are
permitted (where applicable)
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 8
Table 11 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be achieved by Concentration Measured as
Benzene 1625 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
500 microgm3 Annual mean 31122010
13-Butadiene 225 microgm3 Running annual mean
31122003
Carbon monoxide 10 mgm3 Running 8-hour mean
31122003
Lead 050 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
025 microgm3 Annual mean 31122008
Nitrogen dioxide 200 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 18 times a year
1-hour mean 31122005
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122005
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year
24-hour mean 31122004
40 microgm3 Annual mean 31122004
Sulphur dioxide 350 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 24 times a year
1-hour mean 31122004
125 microgm3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year
24-hour mean 31122004
266 microgm3 not to be exceeded more
than 35 times a year
15-minute mean 31122005
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 9
14 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1 4 1 Air Quality Review amp Assessment (2004-2005)
Two Detailed Assessments carried out as part of the second round of Review and
Assessment confirmed that emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from the traffic within
three locations in Bedford (High Street Prebend Street and the A421 running
through the village of Great Barford) were such that the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide was likely to be exceeded by the objective date of
31st December 2005 In addition it was concluded that the emissions from the
Stewartby Brickworks were such that all three National Standards for Sulphur
Dioxide were likely to be exceeded by their respective objective dates the earliest
being 31st of December 2004
In 2005 the Borough Council declared four AQMArsquos and commenced two Further
Assessments with which to inform the two Action Plans that will be needed to bring
about the improvements in air quality necessary to ensure the National Standards
are met A Progress Report in 2005 provided further confirmation of the highlighted
exceedences and also identified a need to expand the Nitrogen Dioxide passive
air quality monitoring resources particularly for those sites in London Road and
Dame Alice Street A commitment was also made to install new more accurate
real time air quality monitoring stations in key locations to monitor both Sulphur
Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 2 Air Quality Update and Screening Assessment (2006)
As part of its continuing obligations under the Environment Act 1995 Bedford
Borough Council commenced the third round of Review and Assessment in 2006
with an Update and Screening Assessment The purpose being to re-examine the
local air quality within the whole Borough to establish if there had been any changes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 10
since the second round of Review and Assessment which could threaten air quality
elsewhere in the Borough other than those areas where AQMArsquos had been previously
declared This report incorporated the results of the newly expanded passive air quality
monitoring resources for Nitrogen Dioxide It concluded that as a consequence of
emissions from traffic there may be a need to expand the existing AQMArsquos on the
High Street and Prebend Street Bedford In addition concerns were raised over the
air quality on part of Goldington Road and Ampthill Road Bedford where again
emissions from traffic could threaten achievement of the annual mean National
Standard for Nitrogen Dioxide
1 4 3 Air Quality Further Assessment (2006)
Bedford Borough Council completed two Further Assessments in respect of the air
quality situation in the previously declared AQMArsquos These in depth studies have
been conducted to characterise the sources of pollution so as to enable effective
targeting within the Action Plans The Further Assessment for Nitrogen Dioxide has
supplemented information the Borough already had on the need to either designate
further AQMArsquos or expand those already existing The Further Assessment has
outlined areas outside of the AQMArsquos where the National Standards are being
exceeded Following completion of the Detailed Assessments Bedford Borough
Council will identify if an AQMA needs to be declared for the whole town Centre or if
expansion of the existing areas is adequate to encompass the areas where
exceedences are identified The Further Assessment for Sulphur Dioxide has
shown that the National Standards are still being exceeded in and around the
Stewartby area The existing AQMA incorporates the area of exceedence which the
Action Plan will work towards improving in the future
1 4 4 Air Quality Action Plan (2007)
The AQAP drawn up by Bedford Borough Council details the measures that the
Borough and its partners are taking to help improve the Air Quality of Bedford The
AQAP reflects the results of previously declared AQMArsquos by introducing schemes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 11
and measures to reduce the pollution emitted from vehicles and Stewartby
Brickworks The AQAP is a working document and will be continually reviewed
and updated in order to achieve each new target set The AQAP details the need
of a multidisciplinary approach involving all partners in order to improve Bedford
Air Quality
1 4 5 Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2007
Bedford Borough Council completed a Detailed Assessment as part of the next step
of the Local Air Quality Management process The Detailed Assessment was also
required as a result of the findings of the Councilrsquos 2006 Updating and Screening
Assessment The earlier screening assessment identified other parts of the Council
which may exceed the governmentrsquos annual mean The purpose of this report was
therefore to provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of the objective being
exceeded at locations with relevant exposure The Detailed Assessment has
identified that further AQMArsquos for London Road Goldington Road and Newnham
Avenue need to be declared The report also identified the need to continue
monitoring on Ampthill Road
1 4 6 Air Quality Progress Report 2008
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality objectives were still
being exceeded widely at locations near the Bedford town centre with relevant
public exposure The Council therefore maintained its AQMArsquos for this pollutant As
reported by the Council previously the Stewartby Brickworks was the main source of
emissions leading to the AQMA declaration the Brickworks closed at the end of
February 2008
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 12
1 4 7 Updating and Screening Assessment 2009
The report re-examined pollution sources in the Borough to identify any relevant
areas where it is considered that the Governmentrsquos Air Quality objectives for the
eight pollutants were being exceeded The report identified that for the pollutants
carbon monoxide benzene 13 -butadiene lead sulphur dioxide and particulates
PM10 there is not a significant risk of the objectives being exceeded in the Borough
For Nitrogen Dioxide the Council recently designated a town centre AQMA 5 the
finding from the report confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective
was widely exceeded within the new AQMA The Council therefore continued to
monitor within the AQMA The report also provided data which enabled the
Council to revoke AQMA 1 for sulphur dioxide (Stewartby) and AQMA 4 for
Nitrogen Dioxide (Great Barford)
1 4 8 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 20092010
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1 4 9 Further Assessment 2010
With the declaration of AQMA 5 in November 2009 a Further Assessment was
submitted in draft format to DEFRA in November 2010 This report focused on
nitrogen dioxide only and followed previous Council air quality reports to aid the Local
Air Quality Management (LAQM) process
New modelling predictions were made for the areas within the Councilrsquos consolidated
AQMA 5 The modelling incorporated a series of improvements over and above that
undertaken previously (including revised emission factors) The report incorporated
the results of further monitoring undertaken by the Council within each of the
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 13
extended parts of the AQMA investigated The revised modelling predictions
confirmed earlier findings that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is
exceeded across the AQMA
1 4 10 Air Quality Action Plan 2011
The Air Quality Action Plan has been produced and was submitted to DEFRA in
September 2011 in draft format The Action Plan is in the process of an internal
consultation and will be submitted to Defra as a final report once it has been through
Committee approval The action plan details the measures the Council will take to
improve air quality with the AQMA
1 4 11 Air Quality and Action Plan Progress Report 2011
The Air Quality Progress Report provides an annual update of recent air quality
issues in Bedford as well as a focus on the Councilrsquos progress on reducing air
pollution through its Air Quality Action Plan The more up to date monitoring of
nitrogen dioxide confirmed that the Governmentrsquos air quality annual mean objective
for NO2 is still being exceeded widely at locations within the Town Centre AQMA
The Council will therefore maintain AQMA 5 for this pollutant
1412 Updating and Screening Assessment 2012
The Updating and Screening Assessment identified that from current data the annual
mean objective is widely exceeded through the Borough but all within the Town
Centre AQMA
There are locations along Ampthill Road outside the AQMA where it has been
predicted by other assessments (air quality assessment as part of a planning
application) that the annual mean objective is being exceeded Therefore the Council
has started monitoring in this location to confirm the levels of NO2 at relevant
exposures The results from this will determine whether or not the Council will
proceed to a Detailed Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 14
1413 Progress Report 2013
The Progress Report has identified that the annual mean objective for NO2 is widely
exceeded throughout the Borough All exceedences are within the town centre
AQMA however there are areas along Ampthill Road where new monitoring has
commenced that has indicated that the AQO may not be met Once the Council has
collated adequate data to establish the levels of NO2 along Ampthill Road then the
Council can then take the necessary action
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 15
Table 12 Summary of previous review and assessment
1st Round Review and Assessment
2000 USA Pollution levels unlikely to exceed AQ objectives
2nd Round of Review and Assessment
2003 USA Levels of NO2 and SO2 unlikely to meet annual mean objectives
2004 DA Confirmed levels of NO2 and SO2 were exceeding AQ objectives
2005 AQMA Four AQMAs declared
2006 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2007 AQAP Detailed actions the Council would take to improve air quality within the AQMAs
3rd Round Review and Assessment
2006 USA Areas outside the AQMAs that were likely to exceed AQ objectives
2007 DA Confirmed other areas within town centre and outside AQMAs that were exceeding AQ objectives
2008 Consultation process begun on the decision to declare individual AQMAs or one town centre AQMA
2009 AQMA Town centre AQMA 5 declared
2010 FA Confirmed the extent of the AQMA characterised the source of pollution so as to enable effective targeting within the Action Plans
2011 Draft AQAP
Submitted in draft format currently going through consultation process
4th Round Review and Assessment
2009 USA AQ objective widely exceeded but all within AQMA 5
2010 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
2011 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 16
5th Round Review and Assessment
2012 USA Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2013 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
2014 Progress Report
Confirmed position so far will continue to monitor areas outside the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 17
Figure 11 Map of AQMA 5
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 18
2 New Monitoring Data
21 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
211 Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of NO2 at two locations within the
town centre of Bedford
Prebend Street Bedford ndash a site located on one of the busiest streets within
Bedford (operating since December 2008) The monitoring station is located
at the northern end of Prebend Street (figure 21) The monitoring station is
classified as a roadside site with the sample inlet located approximately 35m
from the kerb and 20m high It is also 15m further from the road of the
nearest building facade (It is located at easting 504743 and northing 249880)
Lurke Street Bedford ndash Located on Lurke Street east of High Street (Figure
21) within the town centre of Bedford (operating since May 2010) The
monitoring station is 4m from the kerb 2m high and 1m from the nearest
faccedilade The monitoring station is classified as a roadside site with the sample
inlet located approximately 4m from the kerb and 20m high (It is located at
easting 505041 and northing 249979)
The above sites are representative of relevant exposure Both sites are part of
the Hertfordshire amp Bedfordshire Air Pollution Monitoring Network and therefore the
standards of QAQC are similar to those of the governmentrsquos AURN sites Regular
calibrations are carried out with subsequent data ratification undertaken by Air
Quality Data Management (AQDM) In all cases the data are fully ratified unless
reported otherwise Details of the sites can be found at httpwwwhertsbedsairnet
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 19
Figure 21 Locations of Automatic Monitoring Sites for Nitrogen Dioxide
Two continuous monitoring stations for SO2 at two fixed long-term site have now closed due to the closure of Stewartby Brickworks and the subsequent revocation of the AQMA for SO2
Figure 22 Prebend Street monitoring site in Bedford
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 20
Figure 23 Lurke Street monitoring site in Bedford
The Council also undertakes non-continuous monitoring across its area
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 21
Table 21 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref
Site
Height (m)
Pollutants Monitored
Monitoring Technique
In AQMA
Relevant Exposure
(YN with distance (m) to relevant
exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
Prebend Street
Roadside
504494
249625
175 NO2 HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(1m) 2m Y
Lurke Street
Roadside 505026 250012
175
NO2
HBAPMN Standard
Y Y(3m) 4m N
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
212 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitor using diffusion tubes at sites across the Borough The
diffusion tubes are currently exposed at 46 locations The sites include roadside
background and rural sites (see Figure 23) The locations include sites within the
AQMA as well outside of the AQMA Twenty monitoring sites were started in 2004
and a further three were added in 2006 The three further sites were located close to
the town centre A further 19 sites were added in the newly revised AQMA 5 Most
of the sites added since 2004 are located close to the faccedilade of existing properties
representing relevant exposure The details of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring
sites are provided in Table 23
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Monitoring using diffusion tubes has advantages over continuous monitoring in
that it is far cheaper and therefore more sites can be established and assessed
The main disadvantage is that the method is less precise and accurate than
continuous monitoring The recommended methods to reduce these errors include the
use of good QAQC practices and bias adjustment factors that are derived from co-
location studies between continuous analysers and diffusion tubes
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The bias adjustment factors are specific to each year analysing laboratory method of
analysis and location The factors are therefore also limited to the data supplied The
Review and Assessment website advises that ldquoin many cases using an overall
correction factor derived from as many co-location studies as possible will provide the
lsquobest estimatersquo of the lsquotruersquo annual mean concentration it is important to recognise
that there will still be uncertainty associated with this bias adjusted annual mean One
analysis has shown that the uncertainty for tubes bias adjusted in this way is plusmn 20
(at 95 confidence level) This compares with a typical value of plusmn 10 for
chemiluminescence monitors subject to appropriate QAQC proceduresrdquo
The bias adjustment factor for the previous years has been obtained from the
default bias adjustment factors (based on the March 2013 spread sheet derived
from the Governmentrsquos Review and Assessment website) The default factors are
based on statistical analyses of reported data provided by other local authorities
For 2013 24 studies were available and the 2012 factor reported is the most recently
available factor (095)
The default spread sheet for calculating the local bias adjustment factor gave the
overall survey good precision The term ldquoprecisionrdquo indicates how well the diffusion
tubes produce similar results from the duplicate and triplicate studies undertaken The
criterion is somewhat arbitrary and it reflects both the laboratoryrsquos performance in
preparing and analysing the tubes plus the handling of the tubes in the field
YEAR BIAS ADJUSTMENT
FACTOR
2008 094
2009 098
2010 099
2011 089
2012 097
2013 095
Table 22 Bias Adjustment Factors
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
The factors (Table 22) indicate the diffusion tube measurements are under
reading for all years compared to continuous measurements The results presented
in Table 23 are the bias adjusted results
Figure 24 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Note Only town centre diffusion town that are within the AQMA (shaded in pink) are indicated on the
map displayed by bull
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 25 25
Table 23 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Site Type
Location X OS Grid Ref
Y OS Grid Ref
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA
(YN)
Is monitoring collocated with a Continuous Analyser (YN)
Relevant Exposure (YN
with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Distance to kerb of
nearest road (NA if not applicable)
Does this location
represent worst-case exposure
5 R Bromham Road
Bedford 503819 250060 NO2 N N N 1m N
7 RUB Bunyan Road
Kempston 503173 247720 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m Y
10 RUB Kirkstall Close 505444 247029 NO2 N N Y (6m) 2m N
12 S The Lane Wyboston 516346 256594
NO2 N N Y (4m) 2m N
13 S Gt Nth Road (A1) South 516426 256559
NO2 N N N 1m Y
14 R River Street 504857 249652 NO2 N N Y (3m) 1m N
15 R Woburn Road
Kempston 502846 247401 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
16 R Kempston Road
Bedford 504585 249003 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 1m Y
17 R Ampthill Road
Bedford 504783 248711 NO2 Y N N 2m N
19 R Kimbolton Road
Bedford 505551 250584 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
20 K Prebend Street
Bedford 504486 249616 NO2 N N N 1m Y
21 R Gt Nth Road
(A1) North 516379 256411 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
25 R London Road
crossroad 505389 248858 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 26 26
27 R High St
ladbrooks 505048 249634 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
28 R Prebend St
commercial Rd 504576 249501 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
29 R Goldington Road
opp uni 506630 250274 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
30 K High St Collins
jewellers 505020 250044 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
31 R High St
Ludington 505060 249766 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
33 R Shakespeare
Road 504100 250142 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
34 R High St kings
arms PH 505073 249597 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m N
35 R Prebend St new
residential 504599 249432 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
36 R Ashburnham
Road 504263 249751 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
40 R Tavistock St 504776 250254 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
42 R High St opp old
BT building 505143 249299 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
43 R Dame Alice St 504913 250038 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
44 R Midland Road- No 137139A 505412 249630
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m Y
46 K Midland Rd-
outside Beegees 504635 249724 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
47 K Harpur St opp
51A 504894 250049 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 1m Y
48 K Sound Vision Tavistock St 504903 250199
NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m Y
50 R Outside Seven
OakSt Peters St 505190 250075 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 27 27
53 K Longstaff Gentle
Harpur St 504907 250084 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 1m Y
54 K Outside 63 Union St 504505 250361
NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
55 R Opp UampR
Bromham Rd 504475 250123 NO2 Y N Y (4m) 2m N
57 K Outside 110
Newnham Av 506626 250226 NO2 Y N Y (3m) 2m N
59 R Outside 117
Newnham Av 506633 250206 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
61 K Outside 185
Goldington Rd 506542 250296 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
62 R Outside 139
Goldington Rd 506390 250243 NO2 Y Y Y (1m) 3m Y
65 R Outside no 43
London Rd 505438 248793 NO2 Y N Y (2m) 2m Y
66 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
67 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
68 R Monitoring
station 504495 249622 NO2 Y N N 2m Y
69 R River St opp
Chinese 504739 249656 NO2 Y N Y (1m) 1m Y
70 R Outside bus
station 504705 249830 NO2 Y N N 1m Y
71 R 174176 Ampthill
Rd Bedford 504631 248158 NO2 N N Y (2m) 2m Y
72 K 150 Ampthill Rd
Bedford 504653 248232 NO2 N N Y (5m) 1m Y
73 R 108 Ampthill
Road Bedford 504693 248387 NO2 N N Y (2m) 3m Y
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 28
22 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
QAQC controls have been applied to both the automatic and non-automatic
monitoring data to ensure confidence can be applied to the results This is especially
important to the non-automatic sites due to the inherent uncertainty of the diffusion
tubes These controls are displayed in Appendix A
The measured concentrations have then been compared to the air quality objectives
to assess the likelihood of the objectives being exceeded where relative exposure
exists The result of the air quality objective being breached will lead to the Council
proceeding to a detailed Assessment
221 Nitrogen Dioxide
Both the annual mean for NO2 and the hourly mean objectives have been compared
within this assessment A town centre AQMA for NO2 was declared in 2009 so the
assessment has focussed on those areas outside the AQMA where there may be
exceedences and locations within the AQMA where the hourly mean is or is likely to
exceed
222 Automatic Monitoring Data
Lurke Street monitoring station provided very good data capture for 2013 achieving
953 ensuring confidence in the data when comparing to the air quality objectives
and above the recommended 90 However following some technical issues with
Prebend Street monitoring station a data capture of 762 was achieved
The annual mean concentration for Prebend Street was 35ugm3 a decrease from
2012 at 38ugm3 again not exceeding the annual mean objective The maximum
hourly mean concentration was 126ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded
The station does represent relevant exposure and is within the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 29
The annual mean concentration for Lurke Street was 38ugm3 a decrease from 2012
at 40ugm3 and breaching the annual mean objective The maximum hourly mean
concentration was 170ugm3 so the hourly objective was not exceeded The station
does not represent relevant exposure but is still within the AQMA Although the
monitoring station is located just off the High Street is does not represent the worst
case exposure as the location is quite open unlike the rest of the High Street where
diffusion tubes have found exceedences with the AQO The High street represents a
narrow road and in some places concentrations will be subject to the canyon effect
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 304
Table 24 Results of Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within
AQMA Valid Data Capture
2012 Valid Data Capture for
2013
Annual Mean Concentration gm3
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762 38 35
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951 40 38
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 314
Figure 25 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Prebend Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 324
Figure 26 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measures at Automatic Monitoring Site Lurke Street
ANNUAL MEAN OBJECTIVE 40ugm
3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 334
Table 25 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide Comparison with 1-hour mean Objective
Site ID Site Type Within AQMA Valid Data Capture
for 2012 Valid Data Capture
2013
Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean
(200 gm3)
2012 2013
Prebend Street
Roadside Y 953 762
0 0
Lurke Street
Roadside Y 985 951
0 0
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 34
223 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tube data displayed in table 26 have all been bias adjusted using the
national bias adjustment factor retrieved from the Defra Spread sheet (Appendix A)
Data has also been included from 2009 all of which has been bias adjusted 5 years
of data is considered the minimum necessary to identify any trends in the results
Those locations that are exceeding the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold
in the table 26
Tubes 71 72 and 73 have been in place since May 2012 They were located
following the results of an air quality assessment as part of an Environmental Impact
Assessment for a mixed use development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large
food retail store petrol station and associated parking with outline permission being
sought for a DIY storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and
B1 commercial units
The report predicted NO2 concentrations for 2012 to exceed the annual mean
objective Diffusion tubes were located to assess the likelihood of the air quality
objective being breached Following a full data set and a data capture greater gt90
the new locations are currently meeting the annual mean objective in 2013
The diffusion tube data (table 26) shows that there are 14 exceedences in 2013
against the annual mean objective apart from one (site 21) which does not represent
relevant exposure are all within the AQMA
There are no locations where the annual mean is greater than 60ugm3 The site with
the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend Street) where the
annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The locations are also all within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being produced which will detail
the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the whole
of the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 35
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 36
Table 26 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes from 2009 - 2013
Site ID
Site Type Within
AQMA
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) gm3
2009 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 098)
2010 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 099 )
2011 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 089)
2012 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 097)
2013 (Bias Adjustment
Factor = 095
Data Capture
for 2012
5 R N 31 29 31 30 31 75
7 RUB N 30 26 30 32 29 83
10 S N 26 23 28 27 28 100
12 S N 24 24 25 25 23 100
13 R N 25 16 32 36 31 100
14 RUB Y 35 32 34 37 33 92
15 R N 30 26 28 27 26 100
16 R Y 30 31 34 32 28 100
17 R Y 40 39 37 42 34 100
19 K Y 31 30 33 33 29 100
20 R Y 59 54 62 68 57 100
21 R N 44 42 50 47 45 92
25 R Y 47 43 43 52 43 100
27 R Y 58 48 60 62 48 100
28 R Y 43 41 39 42 41 67
29 R Y 43 39 42 42 39 100
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 37
30 R Y 50 46 52 56 50 100
31 R Y 52 49 52 55 49 100
33 R Y 48 51 51 51 49 92
34 R Y 51 49 50 54 48 100
35 K Y 44 40 41 43 39 75
36 R Y 42 41 40 46 39 92
40 R Y 30 30 34 32 30 83
42 R Y 45 44 48 46 44 92
43 K Y 44 44 46 45 43 100
44 K Y 41 42 44 48 41 92
46 K Y 42 40 44 42 39 92
47 R Y 33 34 33 34 34 92
48 K Y 48 45 46 49 40 83
50 K Y 50 48 64 65 51 100
53 R Y 46 41 41 42 38 100
54 K Y 41 38 46 53 39 92
55 R Y 42 40 37 39 36 100
57 K Y 37 32 40 38 35 100
59 R Y 41 40 44 44 39 100
61 R Y 35 33 45 45 37 67
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 38
62 R Y 35 33 34 36 33 100
65 R Y 35 34 40 42 34 92
66 R Y 38 42 42 38 92
67 R Y 39 41 42 37 100
68 R Y 37 43 42 36 100
69 R Y 38 43 37 92
70 RUB Y 38 42 35 92
71 R N 35 37 83
72 R N 40 36 75
73 R N 44 39 92
Note Those in bold indicate a breach of the annual mean objective Underlined annual mean gt 60microgm3 indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS
objective
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 39
Figure 27 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
ANNUAL MEAN
OBJECTIVE 40ugm3
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 40
Figure 27 shows the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations measured at
diffusion tube monitoring sites across the Borough The graph shows that the highest
concentrations were measured at Site 20 (Prebend Street) 27 (High Street) and 50
(St Peters Street)
Table 23 shows the data capture of the diffusion tubes from January ndash December
2013 The data capture for the majority of sites was very good and for 86 of the
sites achieved a data capture of greater than 90 which is recommended by Defra
Data capture below 75 should not be used only two of the sites were below the
75 data capture site 28 (Prebend Street) and site 61 (Goldington Road) Both sites
are in close proximity to additional diffusion tubes so data from these sites can still be
used
The diffusion tube results show an upward trend in NO2 concentrations from 2009 to
2012 Although 2010 showed slight decrease there is a noticeable rise in levels from
2009 to 2012 in monitored levels In 2013 all sites show a noticeable decrease in
concentrations With only 29 of the sites exceeding the annual mean objective
compared to 65 of sites exceeding the objective in 2012
This trend is mirrored in the automatic monitoring results with both stations
decreasing in 2013 in both the annual mean concentrations and maximum hourly
mean
224 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
The annual mean objective for NO2 is exceeded within Bedfordrsquos AQMA 5 However
noticeable improvements in concentrations are evident from 2012 ndash 2013 Only 29
of the monitoring locations are exceeding the annual mean objective compared to
65 in 2012 showing huge improvements in the local air quality This is also
reflected in the continuous monitoring stations where both stations have measured a
decrease both in the annual mean objective and maximum hourly mean There is
only one exceedence of the annual mean objective that is outside the AQMA This
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 41
site (Site ID 21) is located on the A1 and does not represent relevant exposure No
other exceedences exist outside the AQMA
Following the 2012 Progress Report the Council advised some concerns regarding
the proposed development of mixed use along Ampthill Road Following another year
of monitoring the annual mean objective is still being met along Ampthill Road Only
part of the large mixed use development has currently been completed so the
Council will continue to monitor to assess the impact following the completion of the
full development
There were no locations in 2013 where the annual mean objective exceeded
60ugm3 The site with the highest annual mean concentration was site 20 (Prebend
Street) where the annual mean objective was 57ugm3 The site is within the AQMA
where an Air Quality Action Plan is in the process of being implemented which will
detail the ways in which measures will be brought in to improve air quality across the
whole of the AQMA The Council plan to hold off implementing the AQAP fully until
the completion of the development on Ampthill Road This will ensure that any
exceedence in the annual mean objective which would lead to the expansion of the
existing AQMA 5 can be incorporated into the amended AQAP
In the majority of locations there is evidence of an improvement in the concentration
of the annual mean for NO2 for 2013 The Council will need to closely monitor this to
establish whether it is a long terms improvement or not There are still areas where
the annual mean objective is not being met so following the completion of the
development on Ampthill Road and any necessary amendments to the AQMA the
AQAP can be implements to put in place measures to improve the air quality further
across the Borough
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 42
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within the
town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for 2013
have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a full data set
along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean objective is being
met Only part of the proposed new development has been completed therefore the
Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Following the completion of the development along Ampthill Road and additional
expansion if required of AQMA 5 the Air Quality Action Plan will then be
implemented The AQAP will detail the measures the Council and its stakeholders
are taking to bring about improvements in air quality across the AQMA
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 43
3 New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road comprising of a large food retail store petrol
station and associated parking with outline permission being sought for a DIY
storegarden centre a large goods store a hotel 140 dwellings and B1 commercial
units Ampthill Road is a truck road linking the south of Bedford to the Town Centre
At present only part of the road is within the AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality
assessment provided with the planning application for the mixed use development
predicted air quality concentrations to exceed the annual mean objective for NO2
both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road The Council now
has a full data set and current levels have identified that the annual mean objective
for NO2 is currently being met The development is only half way through construction
so the Council will continue to closely monitor levels If exceedences are measured
then AQMA 5 will need to be expanded
31 Road Traffic Sources
As discussed above in September 2012 planning permission was granted for a large
mix development which includes four new signalised road junctions onto Ampthill
Road The development will impact on Ampthill Road and therefore additional
monitoring has been completed Current levels indicate that the annual mean
objectives for NO2 is being met however the council will continue to monitor to
establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 44
32 Industrial Sources
The large mixed development that was granted planning permission in September
2012 included a Petrol Filling Station The station is located away from any relative
receptors and is now Permitted under the Environment Permitted (England and
Wales) (Amended) Regulations 2010 for both Stage 1b and Stage II Vapour
Recovery
33 Commercial and Domestic Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
34 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
There has been no change since the last Updating and Screening Assessment in
2012
Bedford Borough Council has identified the following new local development which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area Large mixed development Ampthill Road This will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening Assessment The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development has been completed
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 45
4 Local Regional Air Quality Strategy
In the latest Governmentrsquos latest LAQM policy guidance (PG (09)) it is recommended
that local authorities develop a local air quality strategy to provide overarching
principles The Council produced its own Air Quality Strategy in 1998 and was one of
the first local authorities to adopt a strategy Thus the strategy established an early
commitment by the Council to undertaking air quality monitoring and providing
information to the public
The Council is currently considering updating this strategy The strategy will set out
the general principles of seeking methods to minimise emissions and linking with
neighbouring local authorities residents organisations and businesses to achieve
both consistency and an integrated approach to air quality This includes taking air
quality into account as a material consideration when assessing planning
applications and applying legislative controls to minimise pollution Thus the strategy
will set out a commitment to seek to improve air quality that is taken forward in the
Action Plan
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 46
5 Planning Applications
The planning application discussed above is the only application that has been
granted planning permission that may have an impact upon air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 47
6 Air Quality Planning Policies
Planning systems play a pivotal role in shaping and protecting the quality of our
urban and rural areas thus making a central contribution to our well-being and quality
of life by creating opportunities for development conserving environmental quality
achieving sustainable development promoting public participation and helping to
protect the rights of the individual
The Bedford Development Framework (BDF) is a series of documents that deliver the
spatial planning strategy for Bedford replacing the Local Plan over time These
documents set out the Councilrsquos policies for meeting the communityrsquos economic
environmental and social aims for the future where they affect the development and
use of land The preparation of the BDF is a continual process with documents being
prepared and reviewed in turn to ensure that they are up to date
In the shorter term and on its own it the planning system will not solve Bedfordrsquos air
quality problems However it does provide a vital part in achieving future sustainable
development as well as conserving existing environmental quality
The BDF will guide planning and development in Bedford to 2021 The BDF is a
portfolio of planning documents which deliver the spatial development strategy for
the Borough and builds upon existing local and regional strategies and initiatives in
particular the above-mentioned Sustainable Community Strategy A key document is
the Bedford Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan Development Plan Document
adopted by the Council on the 16th April 2008 which was one of the first documents
produced as part of the BDF
The purpose of the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan is to set out the long term
spatial vision for the Borough plus the spatial objectives and policies needed to
deliver the vision In summary the Core Strategy and Rural Issues Plan aims to
assess
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 48
bull Where we are now
bull Where we want to be by 2021
bull How we can get there
The Council also prepared a Local Development Scheme (LDS) in 2009 This
scheme is a public statement that sets out the programme for the production of Local
Development Documents (LDDs) The Council is now only required to include
Development Plan Documents within the LDS which means for example that
Supplementary Planning Documents and their production timetable no longer need to
be identified
The Bedford LDS currently consists of the following adopted documents
Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this sets out how the community will be
involved in and consulted on the preparation of LDDs and major planning
applications The Council must follow the approach outlined in the adopted SCI in the
preparation of any subsequent documents and in relation to consultation on major
planning applications The Council is no longer examined on the preparation of a
SCI Although the SCI will be updated to take account of changes to the planning
system this is not a priority as the consultation principles contained within the
adopted document are still sound
Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan
The Bedford Town Centre Area Action Plan provides a policy framework to control
and facilitate the renaissance of the town centre which is the location of the AQMA
The plan was prepared following consultations on the issues that the plan should
address plus a consideration of possible options The Councilrsquos preferred option plan
and the submission version reflect the outcome of the independent examination
process
As part of the plan preparation several studies were appraised to assess the relative
economic performance of the town over the past few years Many key findings were
made and these included the comment that transportation links through central
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 49
Bedford are weak and congested during peak hours As the Councilrsquos Air Quality
reports have highlighted this has led to poor air quality that exceeds the
Governmentrsquos Air Quality Strategy objectives
Following on from the corporate vision statement the plan includes policies and
proposals which cover five main themes
bull A more competitive retail and commercially active centre
bull A more structured and distinctive centre
bull A better connected and more accessible centre
bull A more liveable and attractive centre
bull A well-managed centre
Key proposals based on these themes include
Provision for additional retail and commercial floor space within the town
centre with the main focus being Bedford Town Centre West
Encouraging retail reinvestment in the existing centre and the High Street in
particular
Redevelopment of 9 key town centre sites
The plan also envisages a range of different measures to improve access to the town
centre including improvements to the existing highway network a new river crossing
at Batts Ford new public transport interchanges and enhanced walking and cycling
routes For town centre public car parks the management will favour short stay users
rather than long stay users plus park and ride services will be extended The re-
population of the town centre is intended through the provision of new housing sites
In addition the plan also aims to protect the townrsquos heritage promote tourism
achieve high quality design along the river corridor conserve biodiversity create new
public spaces and improve the quality of new shop fronts and advertisements Finally
the plan includes policies on town centre management and amenity
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 50
Sustainable Development in Bedford
Bedford Borough Councilrsquos approach to sustainability is framed within the context of
the Sustainable Community Strategy (which superseded LA21) and the Climate
Change Strategy The Council is committed to building a better quality of life for
everyone within the Borough As part of this commitment the Council sees
sustainable development as key to the whole process of ensuring a healthy
environment vibrant economy and social justice for all for now and for generations
to come
To achieve a better quality of life for everyone now and in the future while protecting
and where possible enhancing the environment an integrated approach to deliver
social progress and economic growth and maintain the quality of our natural
environment is required
The Council interprets Sustainable Development as lsquodevelopment that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needsrsquo (from Brundtland 1987)
From its Sustainable Development policy (adopted in July 2010) the Council will seek
in the delivery of its services to
Continually improve its environmental performance by involving staff in
reducing resource consumption within Council activities
Integrate the principles of sustainable development within its policies and
strategies
Purchase goods and services locally which have a reduced environmental
impact and are from an ethical source such as Fair Trade wherever possible
Promote greener travel behaviours and encourage the use of more
sustainable modes of transport (cycle walk use public transport) within the
Council and the wider community
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 51
Promote and encourage energy efficiency and waste minimisation reuse and
recycling and general resource efficiency to the community
Ensure that levels of environmental pollution are kept to a minimum and where
possible encourage improvement in the general standard of the quality of the
environment
Protect the diversity of nature through delivery of the Biodiversity Action Plan
Use the Council Planning Policy process to work with existing communities
and developers to achieve sustainable communities
Comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations
Ensure suppliers and contractors are aware of and support this Policy
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 52
7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies
On 1st April 2011 Bedfordrsquos first Local Transport Plan (LTP3) replaced LTP2 (2006-
2011) which covered the whole county of Bedfordshire The new plan commenced
from April 2011 having been prepared with partners and stakeholders and consulted
on during the previous twelve months It is a long-term strategy that looks ahead to
2021 However as the LTP3 will run until 2021 we will need to review and adapt it on
a regular basis to ensure that it continues to address relevant issues and change
We will continue to involve our partners and stakeholders in its further development
and in the implementation plan
The LTP3 sets out the transport aims and ambitions for Bedford Borough and
identifies the key strategies schemes and initiatives necessary to deliver corporate
and local outcomes It will be delivered through shorter delivery plans based on local
priorities and funding availability and is made up of two key elements
An overall Strategy document
An Implementation Plan which combines the actions from 8 key strategies into short
medium and long-term delivery plans
The objectives of the LTP recognise the transport challenges faced The local
development of these from the national transport goals has ensured that the local
issues and priorities of Bedford Boroughrsquos residents and businesses were included
Road transport has been identified as the principal source of NOx within the Bedford
AQMA It is important that this Air Quality Action Plan supports and considers the
LTP3 and vice versa Therefore integration of the Action Plan with the LTP3 is
considered essential and this represents a strategic and integrated approach to local
air quality management as it presents a key platform for delivering initiatives aimed
at improving local air quality
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 53
8 Climate Change Strategies
The Council is committed to playing its part at a local level to encourage actions to
tackle climate change and has taken an important step forward in combating the
causes and effects of climate change with the production of a Climate Change
Strategy In support of this programme the Council became a signatory to the
Nottingham Declaration in September 2007 The strategy sets out the Councilrsquos aim
of mitigating climate change by reducing the carbon emissions in the Borough and
reducing the risk of climate change for the Borough by adapting to the possible
impacts Its objectives are to
Reduce the carbon emissions from the Councilrsquos buildings and vehicle fleet
Develop and promote measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
resulting from transport in the Borough
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste sent to landfill
Educate and support the residents and businesses of the Borough to mitigate
and adapt to climate change
Prepare to adapt the Councilrsquos services to the possible impacts of climate
change
The Strategy should be seen as a flexible framework document and it will be
reviewed regularly to ensure it remains current Reports on progress against actions
and key targets are reviewed by the Councilrsquos Management Team and presented to
the Sustainability Committee and Executive
Allied to this in May 2010 the Council was selected to participate in the Carbon
Trustrsquos Local Authority Carbon Management Programme to deliver a Carbon
Management Plan This Plan takes a systematic approach to reducing the Councilrsquos
greenhouse gas emissions over the next five years and beyond The Council is
committed to reducing our 200910 carbon emissions by 40 by March 2015 in total
the Council will save an estimated 39867 tonnes of carbon dioxide and pound7959619
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 54
9 Implementation of Action Plans
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
In addition to this a large mixed used development has recently been granted
planning permission along Ampthill Road The air quality assessment submitted with
the application predicted levels of NO2 to exceed the Government Objective along
Ampthill Road both at present and with the development in place As such additional
monitoring is being carried out along Ampthill Road to establish if the annual mean
objective is likely to be exceeded
Current levels indicate that the annual mean objective for NO2 is being met however
the Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full development
has been completed The Council will then take the necessary action This may be to
proceed to a Detailed Assessment Where necessary AQMA 5 can then be
expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the Action Plan can then be
revised to include Ampthill Road
The Council believe that waiting to include measures within the Action Plan to offset
any impact the development along Ampthill Road will have a greater bearing at
achieving the necessary measures identified Having one Action Plan in place for
AQMA 5 will ensure that the necessary support and commitment is made by the
Council and their stakeholders in improving air quality across the town centre
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 55
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
101 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
Monitoring commenced along parts of Ampthill Road in May 2012 following
indications that the annual mean objective for NO2 may be exceeded outside the
AQMA
The Council has now collated a full data set along Ampthill Road current levels
indicate that the annually mean objective is being met Only part of the proposed new
development has been completed therefore the Council will continue to closely
monitor levels along the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
102 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
In September 2012 the Council granted planning permission for a large mixed use
development along Ampthill Road At present only part of the road is within the
AQMA (Figure 12) The air quality assessment provided with the planning
application for the mixed use development predicted air quality concentrations to
exceed the annual mean objective for NO2 both with and without the development
In May 2012 the Council started monitoring along Ampthill Road to identify if the
annual mean for NO2 was likely to be exceeded The new mixed development that
was granted planning permission back in September 2012 is currently being
constructed The current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean
objective for NO2 is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along the road
and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 56
103 Other Conclusions
A draft Air Quality Action Plan was submitted to Defra in November 2011 with a view
of submitting the final Action Plan following a full consultation and approval of Council
Members at Bedford Borough Council At present the Action Plan is yet to be
implemented as the Council are awaiting confirmation of areas along Ampthill Road
where levels of NO2 may be above Government Standards
Current levels along Ampthill Road show that the annual mean objective is currently
being met The Council will continue to monitor to establish the impact once the full
development has been completed and then the Council can then take the necessary
action This may be to proceed to a Detailed Assessment using the conclusions from
the air quality consultants modelling compared to the Council monitoring Following
this the AQMA can then be expanded to encompass all areas of exceedence and the
Action Plan can then be revised to include Ampthill Road
Following the submission of this Progress Report the Council will proceed to Detailed
Assessment where necessary
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
104 Proposed Actions
Bedford Borough Council has identified that from current data the annual mean
objective for NO2 is exceeded across the Borough All exceedences are within
the town centre AQMA in comparison to previous years the concentrations for
2013 have shown a significant improvement The Council has now collated a
full data set along Ampthill Road current levels indicate that the annually mean
objective is being met Only part of the proposed new development has been
completed therefore the Council will continue to closely monitor levels along
the road and proceed to Detailed Assessment where necessary
Therefore the Council will continue to monitor in this location to confirm the
levels of NO2 at relevant receptors The results from this will determine
whether or not the Council will proceed to a Detailed Assessment
This Progress Report has identified no other areas for any of the other
pollutants that are exceeding or are likely to exceed the air quality objective
Therefore the Council will undertake the following actions
1 To maintain the monitoring throughout the Borough and maintain the Town Centre AQMA for NO2
2 To continue monitoring along Ampthill Road to confirm whether the
annual mean for NO2 is likely to be exceeded once the development
has been completed
3 To proceed to Detailed Assessment if required following completion of
the development along Ampthill Road
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
4 To expand AQMA 5 following submission of a Detailed Assessment if a
breach of the AQO is confirmed
5 To revise and put into place the Air Quality Action Plan when required
6 Prepare for the submission of its 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 59
11 References
1 Part IV of Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQMTG (09) Defra February 2009
2 The Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 928) March 2000
3 The Air Quality Strategy for England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland July 2007 Volume 1 and 2 ISBN 978-0-171692-5
4 The Air Quality Amendment Regulations 2002 ISBN 0 11061468 2
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 60
Appendices
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 61
Appendix A QAQC Data National Bias Adjustment Calculation
Analysed By
Method Year Site Type
Local Authority Length
of Study (months)
Diffusion Tube Mean Conc (Dm)
(gm3)
Automatic Monitor
Mean Conc
(Cm) (gm3)
Bias (B) Tube
Precision
Bias Adjustment Factor (A) (CmDm)
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Cheshire West and Chester 12 39 41 -44 G 105
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 38 31 231 G 081
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 UB Dudley MBC 10 25 25 -17 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 11 41 39 54 G 095
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R East Herts Council 10 35 30 194 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 9 34 34 20 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Fareham Borough Council 12 42 45 -62 G 107
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 34 37 -87 G 110
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 11 35 33 63 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gateshead Council 10 33 32 21 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R BC of Kings Lynn amp W Norfolk 12 29 26 125 G 089
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Gedling Borough Council 10 37 35 72 G 093
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R The Highland Council 12 24 21 141 G 088
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Dudley MBC 12 52 59 -120 P 114
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 12 43 44 -22 G 102
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 10 41 39 64 G 094
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R NOTTINGHAM CITY COUNCIL 11 43 42 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 62 60 19 G 098
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 11 41 30 375 G 073
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 KS Marylebone Rd Intercomparison 12 101 81 258 G 080
Gradko 20 TEA in Water 2013 R Brighton amp Hove City Council 9 54 45 196 G 084
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 40 36 101 G 091
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 11 41 37 116 G 090
Gradko 20 TEA in water 2013 R Wiltshire Council 12 39 49 -200 G 125
Overall Factor (24 studies) Use 095
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 62
Unbiased Diffusion Tube Results for 2013
Site ID
Class jan
ugm3
feb ugm
3
mar ugm
3
apr ugm
3
may ugm
3
jun ugm
3
jul ugm
3
aug ugm
3
sept ugm
3
oct ugm
3
nov ugm
3
dec ugm
3
Annual Mean
(unbiased)
5 R 38 32 27 24 26 24 26 34 61 32
7 RUB 34 29 23 25 23 22 25 45 45 35 31
10 RUB 44 31 24 27 25 22 20 24 29 32 42 33 29
12 S 29 30 28 24 22 19 23 22 25 25 31 15 24
13 S 42 33 23 28 29 23 23 31 38 29 52 40 33
14 R 40 39 33 32 32 28 32 37 36 38 36 35
15 R 32 32 27 29 22 19 22 23 29 28 36 33 28
16 R 38 35 33 29 27 23 24 22 24 30 37 34 30
17 R 48 48 43 40 17 34 38 29 19 31 46 31 35
19 R 40 35 25 27 25 22 24 28 34 30 36 37 30
20 K 64 65 42 52 61 43 59 64 75 51 93 53 60
21 R 51 49 59 40 41 32 40 44 46 51 70 48
25 R 45 46 33 48 47 34 38 47 55 44 57 52 46
27 R 54 47 40 44 55 40 50 50 60 29 78 65 51
28 R 49 49 39 41 41 40 48 36 43
29 R 48 44 34 36 34 31 37 42 45 43 44 49 41
30 K 47 69 38 43 55 40 38 47 58 51 82 63 53
31 R 57 45 44 42 57 39 51 47 52 56 74 51 51
33 R 55 71 41 54 51 38 57 51 45 47 52 51
34 R 56 50 50 53 49 42 60 39 51 46 66 46 51
35 R 39 40 41 30 31 48 40 51 49 41
36 R 49 46 40 40 41 34 41 38 39 53 32 41
40 R 41 39 27 23 21 22 26 36 31 54 32
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 63
42 R 52 52 44 38 46 37 41 42 51 46 55 46
43 R 56 48 50 40 40 37 41 34 46 45 57 53 46
44 R 47 49 43 39 44 39 39 47 44 47 41 44
46 K 49 46 40 41 41 33 35 36 45 43 46 41
47 K 39 37 36 31 31 27 27 35 34 42 49 35
48 K 49 42 41 36 36 40 36 50 44 51 43
50 R 59 50 44 54 57 41 46 47 62 61 55 66 54
53 K 49 46 40 37 39 26 38 42 44 40 46 37 40
54 K 47 38 39 37 40 40 35 39 47 48 36 41
55 R 48 45 43 31 36 30 34 37 43 41 13 49 38
57 K 45 40 33 34 33 27 34 31 39 32 52 39 37
59 R 46 48 44 36 36 38 33 35 40 44 49 46 41
61 K 46 37 33 36 34 41 38 48 39
62 R 48 44 30 30 28 23 27 29 34 37 46 38 35
65 R 39 49 31 23 36 29 30 31 38 32 51 35
66 R 46 46 37 37 36 31 33 40 44 37 49 41 40
67 R 44 40 35 36 38 33 33 33 45 38 51 45 39
68 R 46 42 36 32 37 33 36 34 46 40 35 41 38
69 R 48 44 35 33 38 33 35 35 41 38 51 39
70 R 48 44 32 35 35 32 30 35 37 32 41 36
71 R 48 43 44 36 38 29 35 32 42 45 39
72 R 44 45 35 34 39 33 21 46 40 37
73 R 54 48 35 42 37 29 32 40 43 31 64 41
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL
Bedford Borough Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014 64
QAQC of automatic monitoring
Bedford Borough Council has a service and maintenance contract for both monitoring
stations with by Supporting U which includes 2 scheduled on-site services per
annum they are also responsible for fortnightly calibrations We also have a 48hour
call out for any problems that may occur
QAQC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes used are analysed by Gradko International using a preparation
method of 20 TEA in water In the most recent round of Annual Performance
Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM the laboratory demonstrated good
performance in a QAQC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes Gradko
International participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme The
scheme is an important QAQC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes
to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories which pay an
annual fee to HSL