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Air Traffic Control …now, and into the future. John Moore Manager Operations, ATC Future Systems
Air Traffic Control
…now, and into the future.
John Moore Manager Operations, ATC Future Systems
Airservices in Brief
• Owned by the Australian Government,
funded entirely by customer charges
• Provides services to over 4 million
aircraft operations per year
• Air Traffic Control (ATC)
• Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting
(ARFF)
• Communication, Navigation,
Surveillance (CNS)
• Sydney – Melbourne route 4th busiest
in world
• Sydney – Brisbane route 11th busiest
in world
Approximately 11% of the world’s airspace
Melbourne FIR
Brisbane FIR
Nadi (Fiji)
Auckland
Oceanic
NZ
Honiara
Nauru
Oakland FIR
Jakarta Port
Moresby
Manila
Columbo Male
Mauritius
Antananarvio
Johannesburg Oceanic
Mumbai
Seychelles
Makassar –
Ujung
Pandang
Biak
Singapore
(Flight Information Region)
Australian airspace compared to Europe
Australian airspace compared to USA
• 2 major ATC Centres
• 4 Terminal Control Units
• Sydney, Adelaide,
Cairns, Perth
• 29 Towers
• 21 Fire Stations
• 1000+ technical sites
.
Our Operations
Moorabbin
Coolangatta
Broome
Karratha
Communications:
• Air/Ground via Radio [VHF, HF, UHF (Military)]
• Voice Switching & Control System (VSCS) – Air Traffic Services
(ATS) Centres
• Intercoms (Hotlines, Call/Answer)
• Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC)
CNS*
*CNS – Communication Navigation Surveillance
Navigation:
• Over 500 traditional terrestrial navigation aids including:
• NDB (non-directional beacon)
• VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range)
• DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
• Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
• Performance Based Navigation
• Required Navigation Performance – Authorisation Required (RNP-AR)
CNS
Surveillance:
CNS
• Radar (Primary, Secondary)
• ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract
• ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
• Multilateration
• PRM: Precision Runway Monitor
• Aircraft determines position using GPS
• Broadcasts position, identity, altitude and velocity (ADS-B out)
• Ground stations receive broadcasts and relay information to ATC
• Other aircraft receive broadcasts & display to pilot (ADS-B in)
ADS-B - What is it ?
Surveillance
• ADS-B and radar
coverage
• Full coverage
above FL280
• 5 nautical mile
separation
RADAR
ADS-B
ADS-B installation at Woomera, South Australia
Alphabet Airspace
4ATCC NAS 25Nov04 Generic V1.6ATCC NAS 25Nov04 Generic V1.6
C
A
DG G
E E
Radar - South of Sydney
C C
FL 125
A 085
FL 180
2.8 deg 2.8 deg
FL: Flight Level (FL180=18,000 feet ) A: Altitude (A085=8,500 feet)
Australian Air Traffic
• Domestic airlines
• International airlines
• Regional airlines
• General Aviation
• Sports Aviation
• Unmanned Aircraft
Systems
• Military Aviation Click image to view Air Traffic video
Sectorisation
Service Delivery Environments
• East Coast
Services (Green)
• Upper Airspace
Services (Blue)
• Regional Services
(Orange)
Service Delivery Environments
• Dynamic sectorisation
• Modal operations
Cairns TCU
Brisbane Centre
BN-CG TMA
PH TCU
AD TCU
Melbourne System
1 En-route Partition
3 Terminal Control Units (TCUs)
1 Terminal Control Area (TMA) Partition
[serving ML and CB]
Brisbane System
1 En-route Partition
1 Terminal Control Unit (TCU)
1 Terminal Control Area (TMA)
Partition [serving BN & CG]
SY TCU
Melbourne Centre
ML-CB TMA
Eurocat ATM* System
ML-BN FIR
Boundary
* ATM – Air Traffic Management
Flight Plan
Submission
Radars
(TAR, RSR, DoD)
Airservices Air Traffic Management
System
PRM
(Sydney Only)
ADS-B
Ground
Stations
X.25 AA I/O LAN
Bureau of
Meteorology
NAIPS MIS
ADS-C
CPDLC
Airline Host
Computer
PDC
Airlines
External
Air Traffic
Service Units
SITA
FlexTracks
DOTS+
ADS-B bypass
Network
Management
(CTMS)
Tower Surv
Data Proc
(TDPDS/
A-SMGCS)
Tower
Surveillance
Display
(TSAD)
Flight
Information
Broker
Surveillance & Flight Data (SMR Interface)
ATM Fallback
System
(UFB)
Data
Warehouse
(ODW)
Noise
Monitoring
(NFPMS)
Aeronautical
Data ADMS
(Mercury)
Digital Tape
ATC Display
Reconstr
(PC Replay)
GPS Prediction
Service
(GPS/RAIM)
Air
Defence
GPS Clocks
(TIME)
New Tower
System
Flight
Data
Surveillance
Data
Air Traffic Management System
(ATSCs, TCUs, & Major Towers)
GRIB
MET Data
Charging
System
General
Aviation
Briefing Office
Static Data
Com
Centre
AFTN
(AAMS)
1
4 3
2 MultilaterationS
ystems
NOC
(Flight
Explorer)
ATM system
Other ASA system
ASA service centre
External system
Internet Noise
Information
Service
(WebTrak)
Surveillance
and Flight
Data
ATS
Msgs
Time
Synchronisation
Msgs
Track
Definition
Msgs
AFTN Msg
Management
Briefing & Flight Plan
Submission
Forecast of GPS
performance at
aerodromes
ATS
Msgs US GPS
Control Station
GPS
Prediction
GPS
Updates
Integrate information from a large variety of sources
Airspace management (Sectors, Restricted Airspace, etc)
Flight information, Surveillance data, Track/Flight Plan Association
Aeronautical data, Weather data
Allow ATC to access information when required
Provide data to other users (e.g. for billing)
Automate functions
Coordination
Safety net alerts
Flow Management
Provide means of Communication
Voice comms
Data comms (CPDLC, Coordination messages)
Air Traffic Management System
Workstation
QFA127+H *
380>380 52
VOZ028+M
360>360 43
RAD
QFA045 M
350>350 42
VOZ038+M
340V320 42
Typical Aircraft Label
Radar return
ADS-B
ADS-C
Flight Plan
Air Traffic Services
• Area Control
• Approach Control
• Aerodrome Control
• Flight Information Service
• Alerting Service
• Flow Management
Controller Responsibilities
• Separation.
• Radar Control Services
• In-flight Emergency
Response (IFER)
• Aeronautical Information
Service
• Traffic Information Service
Area Control
• en-route control
• Long distances
• Level flight
• Separation assurance
• East Coast Services
• Upper Airspace Services
• Regional Services
Approach Control
• Within 30-45 nautical miles
(nm) of major aerodromes
• Short time in airspace
• Radar control
• East Coast Services
• Most intervention
Aerodrome Control
• On, and in the vicinity of
aerodromes
• Primarily visual
• Radar in major centres
• Non-radar remote
• General Aviation
eg: Bankstown (BK)
• East Coast Services
• Regional Services
Regulatory Requirements
• Controllers licence issued by Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA).
• Endorsements/Ratings are issued for specific portions of airspace.
• Recency requirements – 5 hours every 21 days per endorsement.
• Check every 6 months.
• Exam paper every 12 months.
• Medical every 2 years
…so where to next?
• 8408 Kg Fuel savings
• 43 minutes quicker than fixed
• ~1200nm abeam great circle track
Technology now
• User Preferred Routes
• User Preferred Trajectories
• Dynamic Airborne Re-route
Procedure (DARP)
Technology now
• Automated Conflict Detection
Emerging Technology
• Remote Tower Technology
• Improved safety
• Potential alternative
• Fast response
business continuity
ATM Developments
Modernisation Programs
SESAR – Single European Sky ATM Research (Europe)
NextGen – Next Generation ATM (US)
CARATS – Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems (Japan)
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organisation
(Block Upgrade Program (2013, 2018, 2023…)
Collaborative Decision Making (CDM)
Performance Based Navigation
Flight Objects
Trajectory Based Operations / 4DT
Airborne Separation Applications
SWIM – System Wide Information Management
Air Traffic – Long Term
Forecast average growth of 4% per annum despite downturn
Sustained growth to 2026
Planning for the future needed now
Emergence of Low Cost Carriers:
- New routes
- New city pairs
Aviation Technology Timeline
ATM technology has not kept pace with aircraft-based technology…..
These milestones represent individual technology improvements
AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (ATM) TECHNOLOGY
1900 1920 1940 1960 2000 2020
Issues for the future
Demand & Capacity:
57% increase in daily movements by 2028
Increased complexity
Network approach required
Current ATM system cannot meet demands
Technology is the solution
Issues for the future
Future Operating Environment:
ICAO Operating Concept / Block Upgrades
Greater collaboration by all stakeholders
New generation aircraft and emerging technologies
Close the aircraft and ATM technology gap
Issues for the future
Customer & Stakeholder Expectations:
Currently struggle to meet expectations
Closer management of network
Airlines – use new aircraft capability
Community – aircraft noise management
Improved system capability required
Issues for the future
Limitations of the Existing System:
Limitations of existing system already evident
“Spaghetti software”
Impact on business continuity
Limitations of Brisbane and Melbourne Flight Data Regions
Cyber security / threat
Environment
Striving for better environmental outcomes
Aircraft emissions
Aircraft noise
Environment Management System (EMS)
Civil-Military ATM System
Once in a generation opportunity
Alignment with White Paper Policy Direction
System and operational benefits of harmonisation
2018 timeline
