Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL Clean Water Plants for Massachusetts May 21,...

Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com

Clean Water Plants for Massachusetts

May 21, 2008

Sam Sofer, PhD, PE

Debra Troy, BS

John Vallier, BS973-661-5192

www.cleanairplant.com

Bio-Cascade, IncClean Air and Water Systems

www.Bio-Cascade.com800-983-2420

“A Massachusetts business”

Distributors and service providers of Clean Air Plant –CAP™ and Clean Water Plant-CWP™

for New England. Under the authority of Air & Water Solution Inc.


Air & Water Solutions Highlights

• Founded in 1979, specializing in advanced engineering, biotechnology

• US National Science Foundation Award: Small Business Innovation Research

• 1996 - Introduction of CAP Clean Air Plant for control of indoor air quality (IAQ), World’s 1st (and only) Biological IAQ Control System

• 2002 Business Achievement Award, Technology Merit Award for biological air and water cleaning systems for industry, Environmental Business Journal


How it WorksCWP1000

Tank water in

Clean air in

Treated water out

Dirty water in


Water Contaminants: four classes

1. Gases: Ammonia, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, HCN, Cl2

2. Vapors: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as ethanol, neurotoxic agents [pesticides and nerve gas], fragrances, solvents, active VOCs (create dust, nasty)

3. Particulates: Mold, viruses, pathogenic bacteria, smoke, wax particles, entrained oil and solvent particles, dust, silica, quartz

4. Emulsions: Gasoline/water, tar pit emulsions, steel company emulsions, photographic emulsions, silver, iron


Theory

Destruction by Total Oxidation

or

‘Mineralization’

Propyl Acetate + Oxygen(Air) = Carbon Dioxide + Water

C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 = 5CO2 + 5H2O


CWP5000 Clean Water PlantCapabilities

Flow rate of dirty water can be turned down from 500 gpm to zero

Can clean to non-detectable (<10 ppb) levels

Can clean very concentrated to pure (1,000,000 ppm) contaminants:

•Pesticide liquids/solids

•Gasoline, crude oil, MTBE

•Alcohols, solvents


CWPModels

Benzene(ug/L)

Toluene(ug/L)

Ethylbenzene(ug/L)

Total xylenes(ug/L)

MTBE(ug/L)

Starting Concentration 220 300 150 570 27,000

CWP-4000 <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)

CWP-1000A <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)

CWP-1000B <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)

CWP-1000C <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)

ND = Not detectable

MTBE and BTEX-Contaminated Groundwater Cleaned

En

din

g C

on

cen

tra

tion

s


Biosink at photolab in New York City


Free Cells versus Immobilized CellsAdvantages of Immobilization Technology

Protective gel layerImmobilized cells

Biosupport

FREE CELLS are exposed to attack by microorganisms and chemicals from all sides

FREE CELLS get washed out during floods or high flow

FREE CELLS sediment when pumps fail

IMMOBILIZED CELLSAre back-to-back, not exposed.Have protective gel layer.Do not sediment.Do not wash out.


CWP600 and CWP1000


Total Hydrocarbons Reduced to Non-detectable Levels

VOCs & PAHs Analyzed (Amoung Others)

“U” Indicates Analyzed for but Not Detected

VOCs PAHs

Benzene U Acenaphythylene U

Carbon

Tetrachloride

U Benzidrine U

Chlorobenzene U Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether

U

1,2 Dichlorobenzene U Butylbenzylphthalate U

Ethylbenzene U 1,2-Dichlorobenzene U

Methylene Chloride U Dymethyl Phthalate U

Toluene U Fluorene U

Trichloroethane U Naphthalene U

Xylene U Phenol U


Air (CAP90) and Water (CWP175) cleaning at contaminated site


BioOx destroys VX neurotoxin surrogates

Name Formula Critical Bonds to Break

VX C11H26NO2PS C-S, P-S, C-N, C-O

Ethion C9H22O4P2S4 C-S, P-S, C-O

Chlorpyrifos C9H11NO3PSCl3 P-S, C-N, C-O

Acephate C4H10NO3PS P-S, C-N, C-O

Diazinon C12H21N2O3PS P-S, C-N, C-O


Other Applications

California Gasoline/BTEX CWP 1000

California Landfill Leachate

CWP 3000

30 gpm

New York Landfill leachate CWP 2000

Maryland Pesticide in salt water

CWP 2000

Massachusetts Fats/oil/grease CWP 1000


Air (CAP90) and Water (CWP175) cleaning at contaminated site

LESSONS

1. To clean water, clean air is needed

2. Any contaminant cleaned by CAPS may also be cleaned by CWPs


“I haven’t heard a reference to [poor] air

quality in months, when we used to get daily

comments.”

Dick Clark,Integrity Printing

CAP90 at Print/Copy Facility


CAP600 at food company


CAP600C at Dental Clinic


CAP600 in Hospital Labs


CAP5000 at Trash Transfer Station


Addition of BioOx® in soluble form

eliminates the need for cell growth

during BioOxidation. This greatly

increases the productivity of contaminant destruction.


Destruction of Printers’ Solvents in Water

Figure 3. Blanket Wash Destruction, 3 injections totalling 196,400 ppmv

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 10 20 30 40 5 0 60 7 0 80

t ime , m inutes

pp

mv

bla

nk

et

wa

sh

F ir s t C artr idge D is c harge

S e co nd C ar tr idge Dis c harge

The CAP was used to demonstrate destruction of typical printers’ solvents. Blanket wash, used by printers to clean rollers in the printing presses, contains petroleum naphtha and dipropylene glycol methyl ether. In the figure below, serial injections of about 33,600, 54,300, and 108,500 blanket wash were made in order to determine maximum destruction rates. A two-cartridge system maintains the contamination level to below 100 ppm, a dramatic reduction from the almost 200,000 ppm injected.


Hydrocarbon Vapor DestructionIn CAP90, residence time = 0.7 sec

Time (min HC (ppm) HC (ppm) % removal

from start) In Out HC

0 2727 887 67

1 2867 921 68

2 2963 858 71

3 2895 796 73

4 2667 884 67

5 2679 827 69

6 2628 722 73

8 2517 784 69

12 2693 710 74


Destruction of MTBE in Waterwith

CAP Hood 50MTBE destruction, CAP Hood 50

two cartridges, with low and high air flow

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

time, minutes

pp

mv

MT

BE

d

isch

arg

ed

500 ml, 7,040 ppm MTBEinjection, low air flow

500 ml, 8,000 ppm MTBEinjection, high air flow


Destruction of Nail Salon Solvents

F ig u r e 5 . N a il s a lo n s o lv e n ts , n o n -a c e to n e p lu s a c e to n e in je c tio n s a r e d e s tr o y e d .

1 m l (1 1 ,0 0 0 p p m v ) n o n -a c e to n e is in je c te d a t t im e = z e r o . 1 /2 m l (5 ,0 0 0 p p m v ) a c e to n e in je c te d a t t im e = 2 8 m in u te s .

1 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 0 .0

1 0 0 0 0 .0

1 0 0 0 0 0 .0

0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0

t im e , m in u te s

pp

m in

CA

P a

ir

c o n c e n tra tio n le ve ls in s id e C AP H o o d 5 0

to ta l p p m v in je c te d

N F P A3 3 re c yc le d a i r l im i ts

O S H A g e n e ra l 1 0 0 p p m l im i t

The CAP Clean Air Plant was chosen by the Bonita Springs, Florida Fire District in September 2001 as an alternative technology to control the fire hazards associated with the use and storage of nail salon products. The graph below demonstrates destruction of acetone, non-acetone, and liquid monomer solvents.


Special Coating Solvent Mix

Figure 4. Special Paint Solvent Mixture: Single Shot vs Gradual Injection

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00

time, minutes

pp

m in

dis

ch

arg

e a

ir

solvent mixture, 3.25 ml = 11,700ppm, single shot

solvent mixture, 3.25 ml over 15min


Customer in-line CAP90 DataDec 6-7, 2007

Inlet and Outlet Ethanol Concentrations from Chamber 14

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Sample Number

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Inlet

Outlet


Customer in-line CAP90 Data Dec 10-11, 2007

Inlet and Outlet Ethanol Concentrations from Chamber 14

0

20

40

60

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Sample Number

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

m)

Inlet

Outlet


Third Party Verification

Oxidation of ethanol vapors in a spiral bioreactor, Lakhwala, Shim, Jung, & Sofer, Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 1995, 64, 49-54

Biodegradation of benzene and a BTX mixture using immobilized activated sludge, Lodaya, Lakhwala, Rus, Singh, Lewandowski, and Sofer, Journal of environmental science and health, A26(1), 121-137 (1991)


99.9+% Ammonia destruction CAP902X destruction of pure ammonia from an industrial

reactor. No vent to the outside.


CAP + CWP = Cost Savings Odor is gone

Water is clean


Basement Sump Water Treatmentby CWP Clean Water Plant, Bedminster NJ

Before(Prior to CWP)

After (Post CWP Installation)

Contaminants

(ppb)

(ppb)Percent

Destruction

Semi Volatiles (BN)

9.25

0.340

96.3

Tentatively Identified Compounds (TIC)including MTBE

150.4

ND

100

MTBE

3.20

ND

100

Total BN + TIC

160

0.340

99.8


BioOxidizers are theCleanup Technology of the

Future• Treat all types of hazardous pollutants – gas,

vapor, liquid, solid• Destroy pollutants at the source • Biological incinerators -- No fuel costs, no

CO, no NOX• Economical• Portable


Subway Elevator Venting will not de-odorize Motor Room

Motor Room

Make-up air Vent above ground

BlowerSubwayElevator

ResultsVenting is expensive blower

costs money to run

Venting won’t work odors behave like electrically charged

particles, won’t move out


Subway Elevator Motor Room De-Odorizationusing CAP Clean Air Plants

Motor Room

SubwayElevator

ResultsCAPs generate Clean Air Zone no blower or vent ducts required. Saves

capital cost and energy.

Clean Air Zone Captures charged particles odors are captured by electrical

grounding, and then destroyed by enzymes: BioHygienics!


CAP90 from NYC Subway Elevator Machine Room


CAP55 CAP35

Relative SizesCAP90 plus CAP600T met the requirements:

1. No vent to the outdoors2. No smoke or odors outside of the room (total

containment)3. No activation of plant smoke alarms

Smokehouse within Industrial Food Manufacturing Plant


Wastewater cleaned at Chemical Manufacturing Facility

CWP 1000

pH Benzene Toluene EB Xylene (m,p) Xylene (o) Efficiency

PPB Limits 5-10 57 29 142 400 200

Start (1) 2.5 28213 4896 22498 77941 23800

Finish

(24 hrs discharge)

2.5 0 1052 182 776 302 98.5

Start (2) 2.5 0 2049 15344 47505 141919

Finish

(24 hrs discharge)

2.5 0 585.5 133.2 50.9 0 00.6

Start (3) 2.4 0 1727 10413 33041 11161

Finish

(24 hrs discharge)

0 0 0 974 0 98.3

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