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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
AIRBORNE HYDROCARBON SENSING SYSTEM
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Our History
»System developed – “original concept”
»Sky Hunter – 2000, developed prototype
Sensor System
»System tested against geology (case studies,
small and large fields, onshore and offshore)
»Trade Secret for 10 years, now patent
applications in place
»2012, Commercial Unit and Survey System
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEPS
MANIFESTATIONS
OUR SYSTEM
COMBINED DATA LAYERS
SUMMARY
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEPS
Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Microseeps
» The continuous, rapid,
vertical migration of
hydrocarbons from
subsurface reservoirs
MICROSEEPS: HYDROCARBON MICROSEEPS
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEPS
Buoyancy
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Buoyancy
MICROSEEPS: BOUYANCY
» Hydrocarbons migrate
vertically into the cap rock
from traps due to buoyancy
forces between the lower
density hydrocarbons and
formation water
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEPS
Redox Cell
Buoyancy
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics
» “Giant DC Earth Battery” S. Pirson
» Natural zeolites (clay minerals in
reservoir seal) act as catalytic
cracking agents, breaking long
hydrocarbon chains into smaller
molecules. This cracking action
results in the negative ionization of
the hydrocarbon saturated zone.
» Pirson and Tompkins: when shale
cuttings are immersed in crude oil a
negative charge (reduction) is
generated and will continue as long
as fresh oil is injected, replacing that
previously cracked.
MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics
» At surface, and into the atmosphere,
a positive charge exists. This creates
a near-surface anode and establishes
a column of electrical flow from the
electron generating oil reservoir
(the cathode) directly to the
electron poor surface.
» This flow forms a reduction
environment column or chimney
centered directly over the oil/gas
field. The chimney is referred to as a
redox cell.
» Reduction Oxydation (“REDOX”)
MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Redox Cell Basics
» Pirson documented these giant earth
batteries using electric logs and
surface redox potential (Eh)
measurements.
» The general term Chimney Effect
(CE) includes a multiplicity of
magnetic, geochemical,
mineralogical and electromagnetic
(EM) principles, all related to
vertical hydrocarbon microseepage
emanating from oil and gas
accumulations.
MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEPS
Chimney Effect
Redox Cell
Buoyancy
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Chimney Effect
» The Chimney Effect (CE) of negatively
charged ionized hydrocarbons rising
vertically above oil/gas reservoirs
into the atmosphere is aided by the
presence of the Earth’s electrical
potential.
» During fair weather there is an
electrical potential difference of
500,000 volts between the
ionosphere and the Earth’s surface
being negative relative to the
Ionosphere. The FAIR WEATHER
CURRENT is the steady flow of
electrons from the earth’s surface
MICROSEEPS : CHIMNEY EFFECT
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Authigenic Magnetite
Development Over Hydrocarbon Pools
» Goethite (iron) changes to Magnetite in a
strong reducing environment (redox cell)
and the authigenic Magnetite is developed
over the same areal configuration as the
Hydrocarbon pools. And is the result of an
Electromagnetic effect related to negative
ions above Hydrocarbon traps or
accumulations
» Robert Foote: Statistics of magnetic
anomalies in relation to entrapped
hydrocarbons using borehole cuttings
» Approx. 1,500 Producing Field tests: 80 -85
% found magnetic mineralization in drill
cuttings (95% correlation if edge wells
excluded)
» Approx. 1,500 dry holes tested: only 5 – 16%
had any alteration (magnetite rate drops to
5% if field edge dry holes are excluded)
MANIFESTATIONS: MAGNETITE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Clay Replacement
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Clay Replacement
» Among the changes that occur in
electrochemically reducing (ie.
negatively charged) environments
associated with hydrocarbon
seepage is the replacement of
mixed layer clays
by kaolinite.
» Satellite imagery can locate
kaolinite anomalies for further
geotechnical screening.
MANIFESTATIONS: CLAY REPLACEMENT
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Non Seismic (Schumacher)
Clay Replacement
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Surface Measurement
Dietmar Schumacher
» In a review of more than 2,600
US and International wildcat
wells- all drilled after
completion of geochemical or
non-seismic hydrocarbon
detection systems- more than
80% of wells drilled on
prospects associated with
positive hydrocarbon anomalies
resulted in commercial
discoveries.
MANIFESTATIONS: NON SEISMIC (SCHUMACHER)
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Microseep Samples (Gore)
Non Seismic (Schumacher)
Clay Replacement
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gore Survey
» “Capturing information in microseepage
data using Gore’s Amplified Geochemical
Imaging SM technology is a very effective
way of identifying hydrocarbon seeping
vertically up from charged reservoirs”
David concludes. “They are Direct
Hydrocarbon Indicators; in fact, we
would like to suggest that while
macroseeps show a presence of
hydrocarbons in the basin, they may travel
long distances from the actual reservoir.
Microseeps travel vertically from the
reservoirs and thus are the only
real DHI!”
» David Goold of GORE Surveys
» 96 % accurate in predicting dry wells
» 92% accurate in predicting geochemical
anomalies
MANIFESTATIONS: MICROSEEP SAMPLES (GORE)
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Atmospheric Samples
Microseep Samples (Gore)
Non Seismic (Schumacher)
Clay Replacement
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations
» “Non-Methane”
hydrocarbons were
measured at incremental
altitude steps high in the
atmosphere
» C2 – C5 were found
» Without a charge, gases
denser than air will settle
(i.e. propane in parkades)
MANIFESTATIONS: ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLES
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
MICROSEEP
MANIFESTATIONS
Gas Storage, Production, and Salt
Atmospheric Samples
Microseep Samples (Gore)
Non Seismic (Schumacher)
Clay Replacement
Magnetite
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gas Storage Reservoirs
» Surface microseep measurements
vary with storage pressures
» Microseepage is in real time,
not geological time
1. Increasing microseepage during summer
gas injection
2. Decreasing microseepage during winter
gas withdrawal
MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT
CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Production
MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT
» With oil and gas production the
reservoir pressure declines.
Without the pressure drive the
microseep activity diminishes and
signal strength drops.
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Production
MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT
» With oil and gas production the
reservoir pressure declines.
Without the pressure drive the
microseep activity diminishes and
signal strength drops.
Production from reservoir
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Salt
» Hydrocarbon Microseeps have
been detected through thick
evaporite beds (3,000 meters of
salt & anhydrite) giving evidence
that microseeps can penetrate
virtually all lithologies
MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
OUR SYSTEM
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
System Components
OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE GATHERING
Hydrocarbon Sensors
by MDA
Repeatable, robust,
secure, operator
friendly
Navajo Aircraft
Hydrocarbon Nose
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Nose
OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Electromagnetism
» Electromagnetism manifests as
both electric fields and magnetic
fields and contributes to Redox
Cell development
» The electromagnetic force causes
like-charged things to repel and
oppositely-charged things to
attract.
» Photons are the carrier particles
of the electromagnetic force and
travel at the speed of light
OUR SYSTEM: ELECTROMAGNETISM
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Nose
OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Hydrocarbon Sensors
» Space Age Engineering
for Airborne Hydrocarbon
Sensing System
OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON SENSORS
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Survey Profile
» Samples are gathered and
measured by custom designed
equipment mounted on an
aircraft flying at low levels
OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE LINE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gather, Process and Map
Hydrocarbon Residual Footprints
OUR SYSTEM: SURVEY PLAN
FLYING THE SURVEY & DATA COLLECTION MICROSEEP INTENSITY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Gather, Process and Map
Hydrocarbon Residual Footprints
OUR SYSTEM: PROCESSING
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Mapped Processed Data
» Map the strongest signals –
the top residuals
OUR SYSTEM: MAPPING
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Three Channels
OUR SYSTEM: THREE CHANNELS
Dry Gas Footprint Map Oil 1 Footprint Map Oil2 Footprint Map
Dry Gas Oil 1 Oil 2
Primarily methane Propane & heavier fraction Pentane & heavier fraction
Indicates dry gas Indicates gas condensate or oil Indicates oil
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
COMBINED GEOLOGICAL DATA LAYERS
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
» Remote “Indirect” Hydrocarbon
prone areas - not a prospect tool
» Basement faulting patterns - no
hydrocarbon detection capabilities
» Architecture & sediment pack
thickness - no hydrocarbon
detection
» “Indirect” Hydrocarbon prone areas
on a regional basis - no unique
identification of oil and gas
accumulations
» Focus expensive seismic and
drilling costs on areas with the
best FOOTPRINTS
» “Direct” Hydrocarbon Targeting on
a Play & Prospect Scale
» Combine with traditional geological
& geophysical data layers
Direct Targeting Advantage
Satellite
Magnetics
Gravity
Radio-
metrics
2D
3D
Well Logs
YOUR DATA: DIRECT TARGETING ADVANTAGE
CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Combined Exploration Process
YOUR DATA: COMBINED EXPLORATION PROCESS
» Footprint maps combined
with new or existing
geological information can be
used to predict trap depth
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Survey Profile
» Areas with high signal
strength focus additional
geophysical operations and
data collection
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Seismic Information
» Hydrocarbon reservoir
defined by combining
microseep data and
subsurface data sets such as
seismic
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Seismic Information
» Hydrocarbon reservoir
defined by combining
microseep data and
subsurface data sets such as
seismic
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Seismic Information
» Hydrocarbon reservoir
defined by combining
microseep data and
subsurface data sets such as
seismic
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Seismic Information
» Hydrocarbon reservoir
defined by combining
microseep data and
subsurface data sets such as
seismic
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Seismic Information
» Hydrocarbon reservoir
defined by combining
microseep data and
subsurface data sets such as
seismic
YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
SUMMARY
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Survey History
»Prediction rate: two wells out of three
»Onshore and offshore examples
»Over 100,000 line kilometers of test data
SUMMARY: PREDICTION RATE
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Sky Hunter Advantage
SUMMARY: FIND MORE RESERVES/BENEFITS
Focuses Efforts.
Quick Timelines.
Safety.
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Sky Hunter Advantage
SUMMARY: FIND MORE RESERVES/BENEFITS
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Environmentally Non-Invasive Technology
SUMMARY: ENVIRONMENT
Before Before
The surface is not disturbed as we do our survey.
After After
Before Before
After After
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Increased Reserves & Lower Costs
Scientific surveying of natural hydrocarbon microseeps
SUMMARY: INCREASED RESERVES & LOWER COSTS
Effective sample gathering, processing and GIS mapping
Direct hydrocarbon indicator
Focus exploration efforts to increase reserve base and
lower finding costs
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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012
Contact Information
Russ Duncan
403.228.2175 ext.(208)
308, 1235 – 17th Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta, T2T 0C2
fax 403 265 2419
www.skyhunter.ca
SUMMARY: CONTACT INFORMATION