Date post: | 08-Mar-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nick-tsang |
View: | 219 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 14
5/20/2015
1
Aircraft Design and Recognition
` Different aircraft design ` Aircraft components ` Commercial aircraft recognition
5/20/2015
2
Different aircraft design ` Why they have different look?
Different aircraft design ` Wing level ` Wing shape ` Wing tip
5/20/2015
3
Different aircraft design ` Wing level - High wing aircraft vs low wing aircraft
High Wing Low Wing
More stable - Pendulum theory
Less stable (or better flexibility) - High CG
Shorter landing distance Longer landing distance (wing-ground effect)
Longer take off distance Shorter take off distance
Better view Obstructed field view
Different aircraft design ` Dihedral vs Anhedral
5/20/2015
4
` Why dihedral increase stability? ` Disturbance causing sideslip ` High angle of attach and great speed ` More lift to restore roll equilibrium
Different aircraft design ` Wing shape (A) symmetric wing vs asymmetric wing ` Asymmetric wing most aircrafts
` Better lift performance ` Slower stall speed (less easily stall)
` Symmetric wing aerobatics ` Higher stall speed (less stable) ` Practical needs for inverted flying
5/20/2015
5
Different aircraft design ` Rectangular wing ` Swept wing ` Delta wing
Rectangular Wing Swept Wing Delta Wing
Normal training/ sightseeing aircraft
Commercial aircrafts Fighter or supersonic aircraft (Concorde)
Airflow hits the wing at right angle
Airflow hits the wing at oblique angle
Airflow hits the wing at oblique angle
Slow design Subsonic speed Supersonic speed
Simple Efficient, high lift/drag ratio
Large wing area, high manoeuvrability
Different aircraft design ` Wing tip vortex
` By-product of lift ` Induced drag
` Wing tip device ` Increase effective aspect ratio (b2/S) ` Reduce induced drag ` Increase lift-drag ratio ` Increase fuel efficiency ` Disadvantage: weight, cost, parasitic
drag A NASA study on wingtip vortices produced illustrating the size of the vortices produced.
5/20/2015
6
Different aircraft design ` How it works? ` Save 4% of fuel
` Winglet
Different aircraft design ` Blended winglet
` Smooth curved attachment to wing ` Less interference drag at junction
` Wingtip fence
5/20/2015
7
Different aircraft design ` Raked wingtip
` tip of the wing has a higher degree of sweep than the rest of the wing
` improve fuel efficiency, climb performance ` shorten takeoff field length ` increasing the effective aspect ratio of the wing and
interrupting wingtip vortices
Aircraft components
5/20/2015
8
Aircraft Recognition ` Boeing and Airbus ` Difference?
` No. of Engine ` Fin ` Wingtip ` Cockpit ` Landing gear ` Door
Aircraft Recognition A380 ` Double decker ` 4 engines ` Wingtip fence ` Straight fin ` Cockpit upper corner cut
5/20/2015
9
Aircraft Recognition B747 Family partial double decker 4 engines B747-800 Largest in family No winglet but raked
wingtip Special wing design
Aircraft Recognition B747-400 Winglet 2 doors upper deck
B747-100/200/300 No winglet -300 version with 2 doors
upper deck
5/20/2015
10
Aircraft Recognition A340 Single deck Winglet Cockpit upper
corner cut
Aircraft Recognition A330 2 engines Winglet Straight fin Cockpit upper corner
cut
5/20/2015
11
Aircraft Recognition A319/A320/A321 2 engines Wingtip fence Straight fin Cockpit upper corner cut A320 - double linked
emergency doors A321- double separated
emergency doors A319 single emergency
door
Aircraft Recognition B737 Family 2 engines Step fin Old/classic no winglets New series blended
winglets Step cockpit (lower corner)+ no landing gear door
B737-300
B737-700
B737-800
B737-900
5/20/2015
12
Aircraft Recognition B757 2 engines Usually no winglet Straight fin Step cockpit (lower
corner)
Aircraft Recognition B767 2 engines Usually no winglet Straight fin Normal cockpit Larger than B757
5/20/2015
13
Aircraft Recognition B777 Easiest to recognize
among all 2 engines aircrafts
2 engines No winglet Large engine 3 pairs of wheels Screw driver tail Larger than B757/B767
Aircraft Recognition
2 Engines
Straight fin
3 wheels + screw driver tail: B777
With winglet: A330
With wingtip fence: A319/320/321
Cockpit corner
Normal: B767
Lower cut: B757
Step fin: B737 families
4 Engines
Double Decker: A380
Single Deck: A340
Partial Double Decker
With Winglet: B747-400
No Winglet: B747-1/2/300
5/20/2015
14
END