Date post: | 16-Jul-2015 |
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Engineering |
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Airport obstructions Imaginary surfaces Height of objects in approach zone Turning zone Zonal laws
Obstructions are the objects or entities which are present in the path of air craft or on the facilities provided for the aircraft that cause hindrance to the safe and easy movement of the aircraft.
Obstructions are mainly related to type of development and height of development in case of buildings
Obstructions divided into 2 types
Imaginary surfaces
Objects with actual heights
Assumed surfaces on any airport by which the aircrafts should move above of that particular surface only
Different types of the development in the vertical direction and its height.
These imaginary surfaces are basically established surfaces in relation to airport and to each runway above which no obstruction should project.
Size of imaginary surface depends upon
The category of each runway
Type of approach planned for that runway
Imaginary surfaces
Approach surface
Conical surface
Horizontal surface
Takeoff climb surface
Transitional surface
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYor0A3pu50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYu5Aw7OPcI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghz8FaJYuZ8
Approach Surface
Provided at the end of landing side of runway
Trapezoidal in shape
Diverging away with upgrade
Longitudinally centered on the extended center-line of runway
ILS = Instrumental Landing SystemNon ILS – Non Instrumental Landing System
Take off climb surface
Similar to approach surface
Provided at the takeoff end of runway
Trapezoidal in shape
Horizontal Surface Extends from upper edge of transition surface and
ends at lower or inner circular edge of conical surface
The height of outer horizontal surface extends from 150 m (above the ARP elevation) to 9900 m (for airports with length of runway b/w 900 m and 1500 m) or to 15000 m (for airports having runways length more than 1500 m)above elevation of airport reference point.
The shape of HIS may or may not be circular . The radius of outer limit measured from the
ARP. Not provided for the airports having runway
length < 900 m. Structures having height above IHS are not
permitted.
Transition Surface
Trapezoidal in shape
Extends along the landing strip
Slopes upward and outward to the IHS (Inner Horizontal Surface)
Conical Surface
Extends upwards and outwards from inner HS to a point which is at some height above the horizontal surface
Circular in shape
any object which is located beyond a distance of 4.5 km from the runway end is considered as an obstruction if its height above 30 meter increases by more than 7.5 meter for each additional 1.5 km distance from the runway.
When we reach 15km from runway end it should not exceed 75m
Any object which projects above the minimum approach flight altitude or whose height exceeds 150 meter above the ground is also to be considered as an obstruction.
Runway Clear zone
Provided after runway end starting at 60m from the end within approach area
Length determined by approach surface attaining a height of 30m
It is dependant on the rate at which approach surface is going up
W1 is at the beginning of clear zone that is after moving 60m at the end of strip andW2 is after L distance
It is used in the case of emergencies for turning of aircraft
any object which is located within a distance of 4.5 km from the ARP is considered as an obstruction if its height exceeds 51 meter above the ground or the established airport elevation whichever is more
any object which is located beyond a distance of 4.5 km from the ARP is considered as an obstruction if its height exceeds 51 meters plus 30 meters for each additional 1.5 km from ARP.
If the value exceeds 150m with in 15km it remains same
Height Zoning
Given w.r.t. to 4.5km distance from runway and further w.r.t. every 1.5km upto a distance of 15km from airport
This area should remain with low profile of development
Land Use Zoning
Governs the type of development which is taking place at the adjoining areas of airport
These are classified as
Closely related like terminal buildings, parking etc.,
Non-Aviation use like commercial, industrial, residential or recreational
Following factors must be considered w.r.t. the zoning laws Zoning laws or legal rules should not hamper the
somebody rights
Nature of ordinance or law should have the qualities like▪ not unreasonable, not arbitrary, not compulsive
Zoning map has to be provided▪ Defines what type of activity can take place at what distance
▪ Helps people to decide their activities
▪ It should land use pattern, permissible heights, limits of zoning laws etc.