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AIRWAY AIRWAY MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
RespirationRespiration Adequate BreathingAdequate Breathing Inadequate BreathingInadequate Breathing Patient AssessmentPatient AssessmentTechniques of Artificial VentilationTechniques of Artificial VentilationMouth to MaskMouth to MaskBVMBVM Airway AdjunctsAirway AdjunctsOP OP NPNP SuctioningSuctioning Oxygen TherapyOxygen TherapyOxygen AdministrationOxygen AdministrationHypoxiaHypoxiaOxygen Therapy EquipmentOxygen Therapy EquipmentSpecial ConsiderationsSpecial Considerations
Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Lungs- AlveoliBronchioles – Lungs- Alveoli
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the upward/outward and air flows into the lungslungs
InhalationInhalation
Exhalation is the reverseExhalation is the reverse
ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON………ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON………
RateRate RhythmRhythm QualityQuality DepthDepth
12-2012-20 regularregular breath breath adequateadequate
soundssounds
Skin is warm/pink/drySkin is warm/pink/dry
Minute VolumeMinute Volume The amount of air move through the The amount of air move through the
lungs in one minutelungs in one minute The higher the Minute Volume the The higher the Minute Volume the
more CO2 is being releasedmore CO2 is being released And the opposite is trueAnd the opposite is true
Normal Minute VolumeNormal Minute Volume
12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead 12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead space=space=
4200mL/minute4200mL/minute
Dead space is air that does not take Dead space is air that does not take part in gas exchangepart in gas exchange
INADEQUATE BREATHINGINADEQUATE BREATHING Respiratory DistressRespiratory Distress Respiratory FailureRespiratory Failure Respiratory ArrestRespiratory Arrest
Inadequate Breathing DefinedInadequate Breathing Defined
Depth of breathing and rate fall Depth of breathing and rate fall outside normal limitsoutside normal limits
Signs of Inadequate BreathingSigns of Inadequate Breathing Rate, rhythm, qualityRate, rhythm, quality Skin colorSkin color
CyanosisCyanosis Use of Accessory MusclesUse of Accessory Muscles Abnormal soundsAbnormal sounds
Rales, Ronchi, Stridor, WheezesRales, Ronchi, Stridor, Wheezes
Considerations for Infants/ChildrenConsiderations for Infants/Children RetractionsRetractions
Above the clavicles and between Above the clavicles and between & below & below the ribsthe ribs
Nasal FlaringNasal Flaring
Respiratory DistressRespiratory Distress Increased work of breathingIncreased work of breathing Sensation of shortness of breathSensation of shortness of breath
Respiratory FailureRespiratory Failure The reduction of breathing to the The reduction of breathing to the
point where oxygen intake is not point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support lifesufficient to support life
Respiratory ArrestRespiratory Arrest
Patient AssessmentPatient Assessment
RateRate Rhythm Rhythm QualityQuality
12-2012-20 RegularRegular Depth Depth (minute volume)(minute volume)
NoneNone
Too FastToo Fast
Too SlowToo Slow
Airway management:Airway management: UnconsciousUnconscious
Open AirwayOpen AirwayAirway AdjunctAirway AdjunctBreatheBreathe
Mouth to Mask with O2Mouth to Mask with O2BVM with O2BVM with O2
Airway adjunctAirway adjunctAirwayAirwaySuctionSuction
Airway AdjunctsAirway Adjuncts
Op airwayOp airway
Np airwayNp airway
Airway devicesAirway devices
Combi TubeCombi Tube
King AirwayKing Airway
SuctioningSuctioning
ConsciousConscious
Oxygen TherapyOxygen Therapy
Nasal CanulaeNasal Canulae
Non-RebreatherNon-Rebreather
Oxygen Therapy (administration)Oxygen Therapy (administration)Examples requiring O2 administration:Examples requiring O2 administration: Respiratory or cardiac arrestRespiratory or cardiac arrest Heart attack Heart attack StrokeStroke ShockShock Blood lossBlood loss Lung diseaseLung disease Broken bonesBroken bones Head injuriesHead injuries
HypoxiaHypoxia An insufficiency of oxygen to the An insufficiency of oxygen to the
body’s tissuesbody’s tissues Smoke InhalationSmoke Inhalation
EmphysemaEmphysema
StokeStoke
Heart AttackHeart Attack
CyanosisCyanosis AMS AMS
Brain is deprived of oxygenBrain is deprived of oxygen
RestlessnessRestlessness