Akar (Hand Out)

8/9/2019 Akar (Hand Out)

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M J M Q#X^QTJ^TQ NMG VDQJDBAMGIMG%

M' Vdgnmctltmg

Mjmq mnmlmc amiemg nmqe xtbat ~tbatcmg umgi vmnm tbtbgum ~tbatc ne amymc

vdqbtjmmg ~mgmc, gmbtg mnmvtlm mjmq umgi ~tbatc xdhmqm mdqeml m~mt ne m~mx vdqbtjmmg

~mgmc' Ndbejemg vtlm cmlgum am~mgi, vmnm tbtbgum ~tbatc xdhmqm mdqeml, gmbtg

mnmvtlm umgi ~tbatc ne amymc vdqbtjmmg ~mgmc' Gmbtg ndbejemg aelm ne~eg`mt xdhmqm

mgm~kbex, mnm vdqadnmmg vqegxev mg~mqm mjmq ndgimg am~mgi' Vdqadnmmg ~dqxdat~ bdlevt~e

mg~mqm lmeg bdgidgme xtxtgmg nmg hmqm vdqjdbamgimg `mqegimg vqebdq, xeldb vqebdq

vmnm mjmq mnmlmc djxmqjc xdnmgijmg vmnm am~mgi mnmlmc dgnmqjc' Vmnm ejm~mg vdbatltc,

xeldb nmg olkdb vmnm mjmq ~dqxtxtg adqxdlmgi"xdlegi xdhmqm qmneml, xdnmgijmg vmnm

am~mgi xeldb nmg olkdb adqnmbvegimg ~dqxtxtg xdhmqm jkgxdg~qex jklm~dqml' Mjmq

bdbadg~tj hmamgi nmqe `mqegimg vdqbmgdg, ume~t vdqexejdl, xdnmgijmg am~mgi

bdbadg~tj hmamgi nmqe bdqex~db mjxeml'

Xdhmqm oexeklkiex mjmq adqotgixe xdamime vdgudqmv meq nmg cmqm, jdbtnemg nemleqjmg

bdgt`t jd am~mgi' Xdnmgijmg xdhmqm bdjmgej mjmq adqotgixe xdamime vdgumgiim m~mt

vdgitm~ jdntntjmg am~mgi' Otgixe lmeg umgi ne~dbtjmg vmnm mjmq emlmc xdamime kqimg

vdguebvmg hmnmgimg bmjmgmg nmg ndgimg mnmgum bdqex~db mndg~eo m~mt bdqex~db lemq,

mjmq `tim adqotgixe xdamime kqimg qdvqkntjxe' Mjmq `tim adqotgixe xdamime kqimg

ok~kxeg~d~ej, cml ege nmvm~ ne`tbvme vmnm mjmq jdltmqim Kqhcenmhdmd m~mt mgiiqdj umgi

dveoe~ m~mtvtg vmnm ~tbatcmg lmeg umgi bdbeleje mjmq img~tgi'

Xtbat t~mbm ~tbatcmg umgi ~tbatc jd amymc vdqbtjmmg ~mgmc nexdat~ xdamime

mjmq vqebdq' Vmnm ~tbatcmg nejk~el mjmq vqebdq mjmg bdbadg~tj xex~db mjmq ~tgiimgi

ndgimg hmamgi"hmamgigum umgi nexdat~ mjmq lm~dqml m~mt mjmq xdjtgndq' Vmnm ~tbatcmg

Bkgkjk~el, mjmq vqebdq adqtbtq vdgndj, xdcegiim nmlmb vdqjdbamgimg xdlmg`t~gum

neimg~ejmg kldc mjmq mndg~eo nmg bdbadg~tj xex~db mjmq xdqmat~' Vmnm nmdqmc t`tgi

mjmq, adadqmvm belebd~dq neadlmjmgi ~tntgi mjmq ne~tbatce kldc qmbat~"qmbat~ mjmq'

Bmjeg ndjm~ ndgimg ~tntgi mjmq, qmbat~ mjmq xdbmjeg vdgndj' Otgixe qmbat~ mjmq

mnmlmc tg~tj vdgudqmvmg meq nmg cmqm' Vmnm xd~emv belebd~dq vdqxdie ltmx dvendqbex mjmq

~dqnmvm~ mg~mqm 166 xmbvme 866 qmbat~ mjmq ndgimg vmg`mgi mg~mqm 6,= xmbvme =6

belebd~dq ndgimg nembd~dq jtqmgi ldaec 6,6= belebd~dq'

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T`tgi mjmq nelegntgie kldc ~tntgi mjmq, xtm~t bmxxm xdl umgi bdbadg~tj

xdbmhmb xmqtgi umgi bdlegntgi bdqex~db mvejml mjmq umgi adqmnm ne adlmjmgigum nmg

bdqtvmjmg mlm~ mjmq tg~tj bdgdbatx ~mgmc' Xdamimebmgm mjmq ~tbatc bdbmg`mgi,

~tntgi mjmq mjmg ~dqndxmj jdndvmg, xdl"xdl amiemg ~dve ~tntgi mjmq mjmg bdgidltvmx

jmqdg idxdjmg ndgimg vmq~ejdl ~mgmc vmnm ymj~t mjmq bdgdbatx ~mgmc' Xdl"xdl umgi

~dqjdltvmx mjmg bdbadg~tj ldgneq umgi bdgidlelegie ~tntgi mjmq nmg adqotgixe xdamime

vdltbmx vmnm ymj~t mjmq bdgdbatx ~mgmc' Xdamimebmgm vdgidltvmxmg xdl"xdl vmnm

~tntgi mjmq, bmjm mjmg xdidqm neimg~ejmg xdlxdl amqt umgi adqmxml nmqe bdqex~db mvejml

mjmq' Vmnm ~tntgi mjmq ~dqnmvm~ ldgneq umgi ~dqatm~ nmqe xd`dgex vklexmjmqenm ume~t vdj~eg'

Amcmg ege nexdjqdxejmg kldc xdl"xdl ~dqltmq ~tntgi mjmq' Pm~ ldgneq ege nejtbvtljmg nmlmb

idldbatgi"idldbatgi nej~ekxkb nmg mjmg nejdltmqjmg kldc bdbaqmg vlmxbm xdhmqm

djxkxe~kxex, xdlmg`t~gum ldgneq nejdltmqjmg bdlmlte negnegi xdl' Ne xmbvegi adqotgixe

xdamime vdlegntgi bdqex~db, ~tntgi mjmq `tim adqvdqmg xdamie vdgidgnmle qdxvkg mjmq

~dqcmnmv iqme~mxe'

A' X~qtj~tq vqebdq

Mjmq adqmxml nmqe x~qtj~tq myml umjge qmnejtlm umgi neatgijtx kldc jkldkqepm,

~tbatc nmqe dbaqek vmnm ymj~t vdqjdhmbamcmggum' Qmnejtlm ~dqneqe nmqe xtm~t vtxm~ eg~e

ume~t vqkjmbaetb nmg adq~tqt~"~tqt~ lmvexmg neltmqgum adqtvm bdqex~db nmxmq nmg

vqk~kndqbm' Vmnm ~tbatcmg bkgkjk~el, vqkjmbaetb bdg`mne xeldb, olkdb nmg vdqexejdl

m~mt vdqejmbaetb, xdnmgijmg vmnm ~tbatcmg nejk~el vqkjmbaetb bdg`mne jmbaetb'

Xdbtm `mqeggimg umgi adqmxml nmqe vqkjmbaetb nexdat~ `mqegimg vqebdq'

Neamgnegijmg ndgimg am~mgi, x~qtj~tq vqebdq mjmq vmnm tbtbgum qdlm~eo

xdndqcmgm, cml ege nexdamajmg vmnm mjmq ~enmj ~dqnmvm~ kqimg ~mbamcmg, bexmlgum nmtg,

atgim, nmg atmc, xdcegiim vmnm mjmq ~enmj ne`tbvme mnmgum atjt nmg qtmx' Ndgimg

ndbejemg ~mbvmj amcym `mqegimg mjmq bdbvtgume xdneje~ vdqadnmmg mg~mqm mjmq

~tbatcmg `dgex umgi xm~t ndgimg mjmq ~tebatcmg `dgex umgi lmeg' eim xex~db `mqegimg

vmnm mjmq xdhmqm `dlmx nmvm~ nelecm~ vdqadnmmggum vmnm imbamq 6=' Dvendqbex m~mt xex~db

`mqegimg ndqbml, jkq~djx m~mt xex~db `mqegimg nmxmq, nmg `mqegimg vdbatltc m~mt xex~db

`mqegimg vdbatltc nmvm~ ~dqlecm~ xdhmqm `dlmx' @mqegimg vdbatltc vmnm xdamiemg adxmq

mjmq bdqtvmjmg `mqegimg umgi adqadg~tj xelegndq umgi jkbvmj, ~d~mve vmnm adadqmvm

`dgex ~tbatcmg, `mqegimg vdbatltc bdbadg~tj ~matgi umgi amiemg ~dgimcgum ~dqexe

`mqegimg vmqdgjeb umgi nexdat~ ndgimg dbvtltq' Umgi ~dqbmxtj `mqegimg vqebdq m~mt

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x~qtj~tq vqebdq vmnm mjmq emlmc dvendqbex: vmqdgjeb jkq~djx: djxkndqbex: dgnkndqbex:

vdqexejdl: xeldb vqebdq nmg olkdb vqebdq'

Imbamq 6=' Vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmq qtbvt~"qtbvt~mg' M, Pdm bmux, bdgtg`tjjmg dbvtltq mjmqumgi adxmq' A, Aqkbtx, xelegndq vdbatltc ~mgvm dbvtltq' Vmnm jdntmgum ~mbvmj mnmgum dgnkndqbex

ndgimg vdgdamlmg negnegi xdjtgndq #nmqe Dxmt%'

Dvendqbex

Vmnm tbtbgum ~dqneqe nmqe xm~t lmvex xdl"xdl vmqdgjebm~ej' Adg~tj xdlgum vmg`mgi

ndgimg xtxtgmg umgi qmvm~ ndgimg negnegi umgi ~evex ~mgvm lmvexmg jt~ejtlm m~mt ndgimg

lmvexmg jt~ejtlm umgi ~evex' Vmnm ~tbatcmg umgi ~dqbmxtj cdqam vdqdggex bdqtvmjmg

`mqegimg vdqbmgdg xdamime vdlegntgi nmg adqnegnegi ~daml ' Vmnm jdltmqim Kqhcenmhdmd

nmg Mqmhdmd umgi dveoe~, xdl"xdl dvendqbex adqjdbamgi bdg`mne `mqegimg umgi adqlmvex"

lmvex umgi nexdat~ dlmbdg, nmvm~ nelecm~ vmnm imbamq 61' @mqegimg ege bdqtvmjmg

lmvexmg xdl"xdl umgi bm~e, jkbvmj ndgimg negnegi xdl umgi ~daml' Vmnm ymj~t btxeb

jdbmqmt xdl"xdl ~dqxdat~ adqexe tnmqm nmg vmnm ymj~t btxeb vdgict`mg xdl"xdl dlmbdg

~dqexe kldc meq' Kldc jmqdgm xeom~"xeom~ ~dqxdat~, bmjm dlmbdg nemgiimv xdamime `mqegimg

vdgudqmv, ~d~mve adadqmvm x~tne oexeklkie bdgtg`tjjmg vdqmg vqk~dj~eo umgi adqxeom~

bdjmgej nmg bdgitqmgie celmgigum meq bdlmlte jkq~djx'

Vmnm mjmq btnm, ~dqnmvm~ qmbat~"qmbat~ mjmq umgi bdqtvmjmg vdbadg~mgimg

negnegi xdl dvendqbex ndgimg ~t`tmg tg~tj bdbvdqltmx vdqbtjmmg aenmgi vdgudqmvmg'

Qmbat~ mjmq amgumj ~tbatc vmnm nmdqmc ne bmgm xeldb xdamiemg bdgimlmbe

vdgndymxmmg' Qmbat~"qmbat~ mjmq adqjdbamgi nmqe xdl"xdl vqk~kndqbml, bdbvtgume

negnegi ~dqneqe xdltlkxm nmg vdj~eg, ~evex mimq xtvmum nmvm~ ne~dqkakx kldc ekg' Jmqdgm

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jdiem~mg vdgudqmvmg kldc qmbat~ mjmq ~dq`mne ~dqtx bdgdqtx, xdcegiim qmbat~ mjmq

adqtbtq vdgndj' Xdlmg`t~gum neimg~ejmg kldc qmbat~ mjmq umgi amqt'

Imbamq 61' Vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmq mgiiqdj dveoe~' Bdgtg`tjjmg amiemg ~dqltmq umgi ~dqxtxtg kldcdlmbdg' Vmnm adadqmvm xdl , negnegigum bdgtg`tjjmg mnmgum vdgdamlmg xdvdq~e ve~m #nmqe Omcg%'

Jkq~djx

@mqegimg ege ~dqld~mj ne amymc dvendqbex, ~dqxtxtg kldc xdl"xdl vmqdgjeb, ~d~mve

btgijeg `tim adqjdbamgi bdg`mne xjldqdgjeb m~mt bdg`mne jkldgjeb' Vmnm ~tbatcmg

Bkgkjk~el ~dqneqe nmqe xdl"xdl vmqdgjeb nmg xjldqdgjeb' Vmnm tbtbgum jkq~djx ~enmj

bdgimgntgi jlkqkvlmx, jdhtmle vmnm adadqmvm mjmq ~tbatcmg meq nmg mjmq btnm

~tbatcmg dveoe~ bdbvtgume jlkqkvlmx umgi adqotgixe tg~tj ok~kxeg~dxex' Xdl"xdl

vdgutxtg vmqdgjeb jkq~djx bdbvtgume heqe jcmx ume~t mnmgum qkgiim"qkgiim umgi adxmq

m~mt qtmgi mg~mq xdl #qmx%, nexdat~ lmjtgm xdamime ebamgimg ~dqcmnmv legijtgimg umgi

jdjtqmgimg tnmqm' Qtmgi mg~mq xdl mnm umgi bdbadg~tj xmltqmg tnmqm umgi nexdat~

mdqdgjeb' Amie ~tbatcmg umgi ~tbatc vmnm legijtgimg umgi ~dqidgmgi m~mt dg~elmxe

~mgmcgum `dldj, mdqdgjebgum bmjeg adxmq m~mt bmjeg amgumj' Mdqdgjeb aexm ~dqadg~tj

bdlmlte vdqex~eym xepkidg, aelm negnegi xdl"xdlgum xmlegi adq`mtcmg, lexeidg, aelm negnegi"

negnegi xdlgum lmqt~, nmg qdjxeidg, aelm negnegi"negnegi xdlgum qkadj' Nmvm~ vtlm

bdqtvmjmg imatgimg nmqe ntm vdqex~eym ~dqxdat~, ume~t xepklexeidg, aelm btlm"btlm

negnegi xdl"xdlgum xmlegi adq`mtcmg, jdbtnemg neejt~e ndgimg lmqt~gum negnegi"negnegi

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xdl ~dqxdat~' Vmnm ~tbatcmg ~dq~dg~t, lmvexmg ~dqnmlmb nmqe jkq~djx nmvm~ adqneodqdgxemxe

bdg`mne dgnkndqbex nmg xm~t m~mt ntm lmvex neamymc dvendqbex bdg`mne djxkndqbex'

Dgnkndqbex

@mqegimg ege ~tbatc ndgimg xdbvtqgm vmnm mjmq, ne~mgnme ndgimg mnmgum ve~m

jmxvmqe vmnm negnegi qmneml nmg ~mgidgxemlgum' Ve~m jmxvmqe ege bdqtvmjmg amiemg nmqe

negnegi vqebdq xdl dgnkndqbex' Otgixe dgnkndqbex mnmlmc xdamime amqqedq m~mt

vdgicmbam~ idqmjmg xtax~mgxe bdleg~mxe negnegi, bdghdimc ~qmgxvkq xdhmqm mvkvlmx,

gmbtg xdlmbm omxd vdq~tbatcmggum, meq bmxec nmvm~ bdgdqkakx dgnkndqbex, jmqdgm xdl"

xdlgum adqmnm vmnm adqamime omxd, ~enmj xdbtmgum xtnmc bdgimlmbe vdgdamlmg' Vmnm

~tbatcmg Bkgkjk~el dgnkndqbex xdqegijmle ne~dbtjmg mnmgum vdgdamlmg ~dqxedq xdvdq~e

umgi ~mbvmj vmnm imbamq 8 nmg >, xdnmgijmg vmnm ~tbatcmg Nejk~el nmg

Iubgkxvdqbmd vdgdamlmg negnegi dgnkndqbex ~enmj mnm m~mt `mqmgi xdjmle ne`tbvme'

Vmnm tbtbgum vmnm ~tbatcmg Nejk~el, dgnkndqbex ndgimg jkq~djx xdidqm ~dqvexmc kldc

xtm~t lmvexmg imatx vdqejmbaeml mjeam~ mnmgum vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq' Myml

vdqjdbamgimg dgnkndqbex ne~mgnme ndgimg mnmgum ve~m jmxvmqe vmnm negnegi mg~ejlegml'

Adqejt~gum ~dq`mne vdgdamlmg lmvexmg xtadqeg vmnm xdltqtc vdqbtjmmg nmlmb dgnkndqbex

nmg mjceqgum lmvexmg xtadqeg nelmvexe kldc lmvexmg xdltlkxm umgi jmnmgi"jmnmgi adqleigeg'

Djxkndqbex

Bdqtvmjmg lmvexmg xtadvendqbex nmqe jkq~djx mjmq' Lmvexmg ege bdgimlmbe

neodqdgxemxe ndgimg mnmgum xtadqeg vmnm negnegi xdl"xdlgum nmg bdqtvmjmg `mqegimg

vdlegntgi' Djxkndqbex btgijeg `tim bdbeleje ve~m jmxvmqe, ~d~mve ldaec tbtb

nendxjqevxejmg xdamime lmvexmg xtadqeg umgi nelmvexe kldc xdltlkxm umgi ~daml'

Djxkndqbex xdxtgiitcgux nmvm~ ne~dbtjmg vmnm mjmq bmtvtg am~mgi nmg nejdgml

ndgimg gmbm cevkndqbex' Djxkndqbex bdgudqtvme dgnkndqbex nmlmb cml x~qtj~tq nmg

xtxtgmg jebem, jmqdgm vmnm `mqegimg ~dqxdat~ ~dqnmvm~ vqkxdx xtadqexmxe nmg bdbvtgumexdbmhmb ve~m jmxvmqe umgi nejdgml xdamime lmbdlm xtadqeg'

Xdl"xdl djxkndqbex bdgudqtvme imatx umgi adqmxml nmqe odlkidg, adnmgum emlmc xdl"

xdl djxkndqbex ~dqxdat~ bmxec bdgimgntgi vqk~kvlmx nmg btgijeg bdbvtgume negnegi

umgi ~daml' Djxkndqbex vmnm tbtbgum ~dqnmvm~ vmnm mjmq nmqe ~tbatcmg

Iubgkxvdqbmd bmtvtg Mgiekxvdqbmd' ^daml djxkndqbex adqmqemxe btlme nmqe xm~t

lmvex xmbvme adadqmvm lmvex xdl nmg jmnmgi"jmnmgi neejt~e kldc xjdldqdgjeb vmnm amiemg

jkq~djx xdvdq~e ~dqlecm~ vmnm imbamq 64

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'

Imbamq 68' Xdl"xdl dgnkndqbex' M, xdhmqm jdxdltqmcmg xdl bdgtg`tjjmg lkjmxe ve~m jmxvmqe' Xdnmgijmg A

nmg H, bdgtg`tjjmg mnmgum dodj mljkckl vmnm xdl dgnkndqbex xdlmbm vqkxdx' A, xdl xdadltb bdgimlmbe

vdqlmjtmg ndgimg mljkckl nmg H, xd~dlmc bdgimlmbe vdqlmjtmg #nmqe Dxmt%'

Imbamq 6>' Eqexmg mjmq Pdm' Bdbvdqlecm~jmg mnmgum ~eim ~mcmv vdqjdbamgimg xdl"xdl dgnkndqbex, ne~mgnmemnmgum vdgdamlmg negnegi' Vdgdamlmg bdbam~mxe negnegi qmneml ndgimg negnegi ~mgidgxeml xdadlmc nmlmb'

Vdqexejdl xdamiemg ~dqneqe nmqe xjldqdgjeb' ^mbvmj ntm tg~memg olkdb bdgimve~ xm~t tg~me xeldb' Atltc

~mvexmg ~mbvmj adqxmbm ndgimg xdl vdgieqegi, ld~mjgum ndjm~ ndgimg vdqexejdl #nmqe Dxmt%'

Imbamq 64' Vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi amiemg ltmq nmqe mjmq Xbelms' Djxkndqbex ~dqld~mj ne amymc dvendqbex

xd~daml xm~t lmvex ndgimg vdgdamlmg negnegi umgi xmgim~ ~daml, jdhtmle xm~t nemg~mqmgum ~mgvm vdgdamlmgnegnegi #nmqe Dxmt%'

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Vdqexejdlm~mtVdqejmbaetb

Vmnm mjmq btnm vdqexejdl ~dqneqe nmqe vdqdgjeb ndgimg negnegi umgi ~evex' Vmnm

~tbatcmg Iubgkxvdqbmd nmg Mgiekxvdqbmd, vdqexejdl bdbvtgume mj~eoe~mx

bdqex~dbm~ex bdbadg~tj hmamgi mjmq' Vmnm ~tbatcmg umgi bdgimlmbe vdq~tbatcmg

xdjtgndq, jdamgumjmg vmnm Nejk~el, jmbaetb imatx mjmq m~mt odlkidg adqmxml nmqe

vdqexejdl' Vmnm ~tbatcmg Bkgkjk~el, vdqexejdl bdgimlmbe xjldqeoejmxe' ^daml vdqexejdl

vmnm ~tbatcmg Nejk~el bmtvtg Bkgkjk~el nmvm~ bdghmvme adadqmvm lmvex xdvdq~e umgi

~dqlecm~ vmnm imbamq 6> nmg 6?, ~d~mve vmnm tbtbgum ~dqneqe nmqe xm~t lmvex'

Imbamq 6?' Eqexmg mjmq Xbelms amiemg nmlmb m~mt x~dld' Dgnkndqbex ~mbvmj nmlmb vdqjdbamgimg ~mcmvjd~eimne~mgnme ndgimg vdgdamlmg negnegi' Vdgdamlmg umgi vmlegi adxmq ~mbvmj vmnm negnegi qmneml nmg

~mgidgxeml xdadlmc nmlmb' Vdqexejdl ~dqneqe nmqe adadqmvm lmvex nmg adqxeom~ xjldqdgjebm~ej' ^mbvmj `tim

tg~memg xeldb nemve~ kldc ntm tg~me olkdb' Vmqdgjeb umgi ~dqld~mj ne mg~mq xeldb nmg olkdb bdgimlmbe

xjldqeoejmxe #nmqe Dxmt%'

Xelegndq vdbatltc

^dqxtxtg kldc `mqegimg mxjtldq, adqmnm ne xdadlmc nmlmb dgnkndqbex, nexdat~ vtlm

x~dld' Xdl"xdl vmlegi ltmq umgi bdgidlelegiegum adqxeom~ vmqdgjebm~ej nmg aemxmgum xd~daml

xm~t xdl xm`m negmbmjmg vdqexejdl, xtm~t `mqegimg vdqbmgdg, gmbtg xtm~t jd~ejm nmvm~

adqtamc xeom~ bdg`mne bdqex~dbm~ej jdbamle' Kldc jmqdgm e~t, vdqexejdl nexdat~ `tim

vdqejmbaetb' Vmnm mjmq umgi bmxec btnm, vdqexejdl ~dqxtxtg kldc xdl"xdl vmqdgjebm~ej

umgi adqnegnegi vqebdq, ~d~mve bmjeg ~tm mjmq, xdl"xdl vdqexejdl negnegigum bdgimlmbe

vdgdamlmg xdjtgndq' Vdqexejdl bdbeleje adadqmvm vdqmg vdg~egi' Vmnm xdamiemg adxmq

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umgi xdhmqm gkqbml ~tbatc nmlmb ~mgmc jdbtnemg ne~tbatcjmg nmlmb bdnetb meq,

bmjm ~tntgi mjmq ~enmj mjmg ~dqadg~tj'

Imbamq 69' Vdqadnmmg vklm umgi neadg~tj kldc xeldb vqebdq vmnm eqexmg bdleg~mgi mjmq' ^mbvmj vkxexe

mjmq lm~dqml adqjme~mg ndgimg xeldb nmg olkdb mjmq t~mbm' Vklm MH bdqtvmjmg heqe jcmx nejk~el:

xdnmgijmg vklm N ~dqnmvm~ vmnm adadqmvm bkgkjk~el #nmqe Dxmt%'

H' X~qtj~tq xdjtgndq

X~qtj~tq xdjtgndq vmnm mjmq mnmlmc cmxel nmqe vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq umgi bdlevt~e

vdbdg~tjmg `mqegimg vdbatltc xdjtgndq kldc jmbaetb mxjtldq nmg vdqendqb kldc

odlkidg' Vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq mnmlmc heqe jcmx tg~tj ~tbatcmg nejk~el nmg

iubgkxvdqbmd' Jmbaetb mxjtldq necmxeljmg kldc xdl"xdl vqkjmbaetb umgi ~d~mv ~enmj

adqneodqdgxemxe nmg ld~mjgum ne mg~mqm xeldb vqebdq nmg olkdb vqebdq' Vmnm mymlgum

jmbaetb mxjtldq adqadg~tj ve~m m~mt imqex umgi ~dqimg~tgi vmnm ~evd mjmqgum' Vmnm

mjmq ~evd nemqjc ~dqnmvm~ ntm imqex jmbaetb mxjtldq, vmnm mjmq ~evd ~qemqjc ~dqnmvm~ ~eim

imqex jmbaetb mxjtldq nmg xdlmg`t~gum' Ndgimg ndbejemg xdl"xdl vdqexejdl umgi

ld~mjgum ne xdadlmc ltmq jt~ta xeldb `tim bdg`mne mj~eo xdvdq~e cmlgum jmbaetb nmg

xdlmg`t~gum jmbaetb xdhmqm t~tc bdlegijmqe eg~e xeldb' Vmnm yml vdq~tbatcmggum,

jmbaetb bdbvtgume vklm umgi xmbm ndgimg xeldb, nmlmb vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmg

~mbvmj lkg`kgi tg~tj mjmq adq~evd nemqjc, xdie~mim tg~tj mjmq adq~evd ~qemqjc nmg

xdamimegum' Jmbaetb umgi ~dqld~mj vmnm vdqbtjmmg nmlmb olkdb mjmg bdbtlme

otgixegum ldaec myml nmqevmnm jmbaetb amiemg vdqexejdl' Ndgimg vdbadg~tjmg xeldb

xdjtgndq umgi mqmcgum adqlmymgmg ndgimg olkdb, bmjm jmbaetb mjmg ~dqnkqkgi jd

ltmq, xdcegiim mjmg ~mbvmj xdvdq~e legijmqmg aelm nelecm~ nmqe vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgigum'

Jmbaetb bdgicmxeljmg xdl"xdl xeldb nmg olkdb ndgimg vdbadlmcmg xdhmqm vdqejlegml nmg mjmg bdgmbamc nembd~dq jdlelegigum ndgimg vdbadlmcmg xdhmqm

5


10/32

mg~ejlegml' Jmbaetb mjmg bdgicmxeljmg dldbdg"dldbdg vdgimgijt~mg adqxmbm"xmbm

ndgimg xdl"xdl lmeg umgi bdg`mne amiemg nmqe `mqegmimg vdgimgijt~ xeldb nmg olkdb'

Vdqendqb neadg~tj xdamime jdlmg`t~mg vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq' Xdl"xdl vdqexejdl

bdgimlmbe vdbadlmcmg amej xdhmqm vdqejlegml bmtvtg mg~ejlegml' Vdbadlmcmg xdhmqm

bdgudamajmg vdgmbamcmg `tblmc lmvexmg vdqxejdl jd mqmc qmneml' Ndgimg jkbaegmxe

vdgmbamcmg ~daml negnegi `mqegimg vdgimgijt~ nmg vdqexejdl bdgnkqkgi jkq~djx jd mqmc

ltmq' Jkq~djx ~enmj nmvm~ bdgiebamgie vdgmbamcmg nembd~dq jdlelegi, mjeam~gum mjmg

cmghtq xdcegiim adqxmbm"xmbm ndgimg dgnkndqbex nmg dvendqbex, jkq~djx mjmg

~dqjdltvmx' Odlkidg btghtl nmqe amiemg ltmq vdqexejdl nmg bdbadg~tj odldb jd mqmc ltmq

nmg jd mqmc nmlmb bdbadg~tj odlkndqb' Tg~tj ldaec `dlmxgum vdqcm~ejmg imbamq 63'

Vmnm mjmq ~tbatcmg umgi ~enmj bdbleleje jmbaetb, bexmlgum vmnm jdamgumjmg

~tbatcmg Bkgkjk~el, ~enmj ne`tbvme mnmgum x~qtj~tq xdjtgndq, jdhtmle vmnm adadqmvm

idgdqm ~tbatcmg Bkgkjk~el, bexmlgum Nqmhmdgm, Mimd, nmg Mlkd' X~qtj~tq xdjtgndq

amgumj xdjmle ne tbvme vmnm ~tbatcmg umgi bdbeleje jmbaetb, bexmlgum vmnm

jdamgumjmg ~tbatcmg nejk~el' X~qtj~tq xdjtgndq, amej vmnm am~mgi bmtvtg mjmq

necmxeljmg kldc bdqex~db xdjtgndq, ume~t jmbaetb' Kldc jmqdgm e~t `mqegimg xdjtgndq

cmgum bdlevt~e adadqmvm `mqegimg xdamime adqejt~ 0

@mqegimg vdgimgijt~

Vdgdamlmg xdjtgndq ~dqam~mx nmvm~ ne`tbvme vmnm ~tbatcmg Nejk~el, bexmlgum

Qmgtghtltx xdvdq~e umgi ~mbvmj vmnm imbamq 65' Vmnm imbamq ~dqxdat~ ne~tg`tjjmg

amiemg ~dgimc nmqe mjmq, ~mbvmj dldbdg olkdb nmg dldbdg xeldb umgi vdq~mbm btlme

bdg`mne ndymxm' Olkdb umgi vmlegi ltmq nmqe bmxegi"bmxegi jt~ta olkdb mnmlmc

vqk~kolkdb, xdnmgijmg bd~molkdb ~dqld~mj ne xdadlmc nmlmbgum' Ne nmdqmc xeldb, amiemg

vmlegi jdhel umgi ~dqltmq mnmlmc vqk~kxeldb' Xm~t lmvex vdqexejdl ~mbvmj neltmq dldbdg

vdgimgijt~mg nmg nejdlelegie kldc xm~t lmvex dgnkndqbex ndgimg ve~m jmxvmqegum' Amiemg~dgimc nmqe bd~mxeldb ~enmj bdbvtgume negnegi xdjtgndq, ~d~mve bdgimlmbe

vdbadg~mgimg' Vmnm imbamq 5H ~mbvmj mnmgum xdbtm dldbdg olkdb vqebdq umgi ~dqneqe

nmqe vdbatltc ~mvex umgi adqeg~ej"aeg~ej nmg xdl vdgieqegi' Adadqmvm jmbaetb umgi

~dqvexmc"vexmc, umgi bdqtvmjmg vdbtlm nmqe vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq ~dq`mne vmnm xexe

nmlmb nmqe jdlkbvkj olkdb' Dldbdg bd~mxeldb bdbvtgume negnegi umgi ~daml' Vmnm

imbamq 5N bdgiimbamqjmg amiemg ~dgimc mjmq ndgimg `mqegimg vqebdq umgi btlme

bdg`mne ndymxm' Jmbaetb bdbadlmc bdbadg~tj xdl"xdl amqt ne mg~mqm olkdb nmg xeldb'

Adadqmvm ne mg~mqmgum adqneodqdgxemxe bdbadg~tj dldbdg ~qmjdm xdjtgndq #~daml ce~mb%,

=6


11/32

xdnmgijmg umgi lmeg bdg`mne `mqegimg vmqdgjebm~ej' Xdl"xdl vdqexejdl ne ltmq jt~ta xeldb

bdgimlmbe vdgdamlmg' Dgnkndqbex negnegigum bdgimlmbe vdgdamlmg'

Imbamq 63'Nemiqmb vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi nmg imbamqmg ~dqeghe nmqe mjmq Bdnehmik xm~em nmlmb

adqamime ~mcmv vdqjdbamgimg' M nmg A, ~mcmv vdq~tbatcmg vqebdq' H nmg N, Myml ~dqadg~tjgum jmbaetbmxjtldq' D nmg O vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgdnq vmnm xelegndq vdbatltc, vdbadlmcmg xdl vdqexejdl, nmg cmghtqgum

jkq~djx' I nmg C, vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq ~dlmc ~dq`mne #nmqe Dxmt%'

==


12/32

Imbamq 65' Neodqdgxemxe `mqegimg vdgimgijt~ vmnm mjmq Qmgtghtltx umgi idq~evd ~d~qmjc' Eqexmg M,bdgiimbamqjmg eqexmg xdhmqm bdgudltqtc nmlmb jdmnmmg bmxmj' A"N, mnmlmc imbamq ~dqeghe nmqe xelegndq

vdgimgijt~ nmg jme~mggum ndgimg lmvexmg jkq~ejml nmlmb ~eim ~mcmv vdqjdbamgimg #nmqe Dxmt%'

Mjmq nmqe jdamgumjmg ~tbatcmg nejk~el nmg Iubgkxvdqbmd bdbvdqlecm~jmg

vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq, jmqdgm ne nmlmb vmqdgjeb umgi ~dqnmvm~ ne mg~mqm olkdb nmg

xeldb bdbadg~tj jmbaetb, ndbejemg vtlm nmlmb vdqejmbaetb umgi adqcmnmvmg ndgimg

xeldb' Ndgimg ndbejemg `mqegimg jmbaetb ~dqxdat~ vmnm vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi nmqe mjmq

~evd nemqhc mjmg bdqtvmjmg xtm~t dlevx, xdnmgijmg vmnm mjmq ~evd ~d~qmjc nmg vklemqjc

mjmg jdlecm~mg xdvdq~e aeg~mgi' Jmbaetb vmnm amiemg umgi adqldjtj mjmg ldaec amgumj

bdgicmxeljmg xdl"xdl amqt xdcegiim jmbaetb ~dqxdat~ bdbatlm~ nmg mjceqgum xdbtm

olkdb ~dqnmvm~ ne xdadlmc ltmq legijmqmg jmbaetb, xdvdq~e cmlgum ~mbvmj vmnm imbamq =6

nmg ==' Vmnm mjmq umgi adxmq, xeom~ qmneml nmqe adqjmx ejm~mg vdbatltc bmxec nmvm~ nelecm~

=1


13/32

nmqe amiemg jmut umgi vqebdq, lmievtlm legijmqmg jmbaetb ~enmj adgmq"adgmq atlm~, ~d~mve

xdqegi jmle jdlecm~mg adqjdlkj"jdlkj m~mt adqkbamj'

Imbamq =6' Vdgmbvmgi vdqjdbamgimg mjmq Vuqtx' M, xelegndq vdbatltc vmnm omxd vqkjmbaeml' A,vdq~tbatcmg vqebdq ~dlmc ldgijmv' H, ve~m jmbaetb mxjtldq ne mg~mqm olkdb nmg xeldb umgi mjmg

bdgicmxeljmg `mqegimg vdbatltc xdjtgndq' N, jmbaetb mxjtldq adqadg~tj legijmqmg, bdgicmxeljmg

`mqegimg xdjtgndq: vdqexejdl bdgimlmbe vdbadlmcmg xdhmqm vdqejlegml: dgnkndqbex xdamiemg qtxmj: jkq~djx

bdg`mne vdhmc"vdhmc' D, vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq xdidqm adqlmg`t~: btghtl vdqendqb: Jmbaetb umgi

adqlmymgmg ndgimg jt~ta vqk~kxeldb mjmg bdbadg~tj `d`mqe umgi ltmx #nmqe Dxmt%'

Imbamq ==' Nemiqmb mxml txtl vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq vmnm mjmq' M, mjmq btnm, xeldb amiemg nmlmb adltbbm~mgi, jmbaetb btghtl ndgimg vkxexe vmnm imqex vt~tx"vt~tx' A, jmbaetb bdgicmxeljmg xeldb nmg

olkdb xdjtgndq' H, vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq ~dqtx adqlmg`t~, `mqegimg xdjtgndq umgi necmxeljmg bdbadg~tjxelegndq adqadg~tj xdie~eim, olkdb vqebdq ~dqndxmj nmg qtxmj' N, vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq adqlmg`t~, jmbaetb

adqadg~tj legijmqmg, olkdb vqebdq ~enmj bdgicelmgi jmqdgm cmghtq #nmqe Dmbx%'

=8


14/32

Vdqendqb

Lmvexmg imatx vmnm mjmq nmqe ~tbatcmg umgi adqjmut hdvm~ ~dqadg~tj nmg

aemxmgum nebtlme nmqe vdqejmbaetb' Ndgimg ~dqadg~tjgum lmvexmg imatx ~dqxdat~, xdxtm~tumgi adqmnm neltmqgum bdg`mne ~dqvexmc nmg xdidqm bm~e' Vdqbtjmmg ltmq nmqe mjmq

jdbtnemg adqtvm jtle~ imatx umgi ~evex nmg leheg, bexmlgum vmnm mjmq lkamj m~mt

Qmvcmgtx xm~etx nmg ykq~dl m~mt Nmthtx hmqqk~m' Vdqendqb umgi adqtvm jdqmj m~mt

qe~enkbm amqt neadg~tj jdbtnemg ne nmlmb olkdb xdjtgndq' Jdqmj egevtg xdidqm atxtj'

Amiemg"amiemg mjmq umgi ~enmj adqmnm nmlmb ~mgmc bdbvtgume `mqegimg imatx umgi

xeom~gum xdqtvm ndgimg `mqegimg imatx vmnm am~mgi' Tg~tj ldaec `dlmxgum, vdqcm~ejmg

imbamq =1 nmg imbamq =8'

=>


15/32

Imbamq =1' Vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmq ~tbatcmg cdqamxdtx vmnm ~mcmv vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq' M,

~tbatcmg ~kbm~' A, ~tbatcmg jkaex' H, ~tbatcmg bdg~ebtg' N, ~tbatcmg jdg~mgi #nmqe Dxmt%'

Imbamq =8' Vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmq ~tbatcmg adqjmut vmnm ~mcmv vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq' M,

~dqnmvm~ vmnm ~tbatcmg Maedx' A, ~dqnmvm~ vmnm ~tbatcmg ^elem#nmqe Dxmt%'

Mjmq hmamgiMjmq bdgidltmqjmg hmamgi"hmamgi adqtvm mjmq vtlm, xdcegiim ~enmj cmgum

vdqbtjmmg vdgudqmvmg xm`m umgi nevdqltmx, ~d~mve `tim nmdqmc umgi bdbadqejmg

bmjmgmg nmg meq jdvmnm ~tbatcmg bdg`mne adq~mbamc ltmx' ^tbatcgum mjmq hmamgi

mnmlmc adqxeom~ mjqkvd~ml, mq~egum bmjeg btnm ld~mjgum bmjeg ndjm~ ndgimg ~e~ej ~tbatc'

Mjmq hmamgi aemxgum jdltmq nmqe amiemg umgi mimj `mtc nmqe ~e~ej ~tbatc, `mne xdl"xdlgum

~dlmc bdg`mne ndymxm' Hmlkg mjmq ~dqnmvm~ vmnm `mqegimg umgi nmlmb nmg htjtv

bdgnmvm~ vdqlegntgimg nmqe `mqegimg"`mqegimg lmeggum' Kldc jmqdgm e~t hmlkg mjmq

~dqxdat~ adqxeom~ dgnkidg, mq~egum ~enmj adqmxml nmqe xtm~t xdl umgi adqmnm ne ~dve,

bdlmegjmg nmqe xtm~t xdl umgi ld~mjgum ldaec nmlmb' Vmnm xvdqbm~kvcu~m, mjmq hmamgi

neadg~tj kldc vdqejmbaetb m~mt vdqexejdl, xdnmgijmg vmnm adadqmvm V~dqenkvcu~m

neadg~tj kldc dgnkndqbex' Mjmq hmamgi cmqtx bdgdbatx jkq~djx nmg vmnm ymj~t jdltmq

bdgndxmj `mqegimg"`mqegimg umgi mnm nendjm~gum' Vqkxdx ~dqadg~tjgum mjmq hmamgi nmvm~

nelecm~ vmnm imbamq =>'

Amie mjmq adq~evd ~d~qmjc m~mt vklemqjc, hmlkg mjmq hmamgi adqcmnmvmg ndgimg

xeldb, xdcegiim mjmq hmamgi ~mbvmj adqndqd~"ndqd~ nmg ndqd~mg ~dqxdat~ xdxtme ndgimg

=4


16/32

`tblmc xeldb vmnm mjmq, #vdlm`mqe lmie imbamq 69%' Vmnm mjmq umgi adq~evd nemqjc, hmlkg

mjmq ~dqnmvm~ nemg~mqm jt~ta olkdb nmg jt~ta xeldb' Xdnmgijmg vmnm ~tbatcmg

bkgkjk~el ~dqnmvm~ ne btjm olkdb'

Imbamq =>' Vdgmbvmgi bdbat`tq mjmq btnm ykq~dl' M, vdbadlmcmg xdhmqm vdqejlegml vmnm vdqexejdlbdgimymle ~dqadg~tjgum vqebkqnetb mjmq' A nmg H, dgnkndqbex bdbadlmc xdhmq mg~ejlegml nmg ~tbatc

xdlmqmx ndgimg vqebkqnetb mjmq' H, vmqdgjeb jkq~djx nendvmg vqebkqnetb ~dq~djmg #nmqe Omcg%'

Xdamime vdqjdhtmlemg, mnm adadqmvm ~tbatcmg umgi mjmq hmamgigum neadg~tj vmnm

amiemg mjmq umgi bdqex~dbm~ex nmg ld~mjgum ~enmj dgnkidg, ~d~mve djxkidg, mq~egum mjmqhmamgi neadg~tj kldc xtm~t xdl umgi ld~mjgum mimj ne ltmq, bexmlgum Xdlmiegdllm nmg

D}texd~tb' Mjmq hmamgi ~dqxdat~ bdbvtgume xtxtgmg mgm~kbex umgi xmbm ndgimg mjmq

egntjgum' Xeldb nmg olkdb mjmq hmamgi adqxmbatgimg ndgimg xeldb nmg olkdb mjmq

egntjgum xdvdq~e cmlgum vmnm imbamq =4'

=?


17/32

Imbamq =4' Vdgmbvmgi bdbat`tq vdqjdbamgimg mjmq hmamgi vmnm ykq~dl' M, bdgtg`tjjmg mnmgum

xmbatgimg xeldb mg~mqm xeldb mjmq hmamgi ndgimg xeldb mjmq egntj nmg A, olkdb mjmq hmamgi ndgimg

olkdb mjmq egntj #nmqe Omcg%'

N' Vdqjdbamgimg Mjmq

Bdqex~db mvejml mjmq

Xdvdq~e umgi ~dlmc nejd~mcte adqxmbm, amcym mjmq nmvm~ ~tbatc bdbmg`mgi' Vmnm

t`tgi mjmq ~dqnmvm~ ~e~ej ~tbatc umgi adqadg~tj jdqtht~ ~tbvtl' Jmqdgm mjmq cmqtx ~dqtx

bdgdqtx bdgdbatx ~mgmc, bmjm xdl"xdl dbaqekgml vmnm ~e~ej vdq~tbatcmg vdqlt

nelegntgie mimq xdl"xdl dbaqekgml ~enmj qtxmj' Vdlegntgi ~dqxdat~ adqtvm xdltatgi umgi

~dqneqe xdl"xdl ndymxm umgi adqxeom~ vmqdgjebm~ej nmg nexdat~ ~tntgi mjmq m~mt jmlev~qm'

Xdl"xdl bdqex~db vmnm ~e~ej ~tbatc mjmq, jd mqmc vmgijml mjmq mjmg adqneodqdgxemxe

bdg`mne xdl"xdl ndymxm, xdnmgijmg jd mqmc t`tgi mjmg bdbdvdqamcmqte xdl"xdl jmlev~qm

umgi xdlmlt bdgimlmbe jdmtxmg vmnm xexe ltmqgum vmnm ymj~t mjmq bdgdbatx ~mgmc'

Imbamq =?' Neiqmb aenmgi bdnemg t`tgi mjmq D}tex~db dqdgxd' Xdl mvejml adqadg~tj lebmx, bdbadlmcjdxdimlm mqmc bdgicmxeljmg ndqbm~kidg, vdqealdb, vldqkb nmg jmlev~qkidg #nmqe Ieookqn%'

Vmnm ~tbatcmg vmjex, vmnm t`tgi nmqe ~e~ej ~tbatc mjmq ~dqnmvm~ xm~t xdl vtghmj

umgi adqadg~tj lebmx xdvdq~e umgi ~dqlecm~ vmnm imbamq =?' Vmnm Iubgkxvdqbmd nmg

=9


18/32

Mgiekxvdqbmd ~enmj ~dqnmvm~ xm~t xdl vtghmj vmnm ~e~ej ~tbatc mjmqgum, bdlmegjmg

~dqneqe nmqe xd`tblmc xdl"xdl bdqex~db m~mt vqkbdqex~db xd`dgex nmg bdqtvmjmg lmvexmg"

lmvexmg' Vmnm vdgmbvmgi bdbat`tq ~mbvmj ntm m~mt adadqmvm xdl vqkbdqex~db umgi

bdbadlmc jd mqmc vdqejlegml nmg mg~ejlegml' Xdl"xdl umgi necmxeljmg jdbtnemg

bdbadg~tj lmvexmg"lmvexmg ~dqxdat~ ne m~mx'

Vmnm ~tbatcmg qtbvt~"qtbvt~mg ~dqnmvm~ `mqegimg jmlev~qkidg umgi ld~mjgum

adqcmnmvmg ndgimg xdl"xdl vdbtlm' Jmlev~qkidg jctxtx bdbadg~tj xdl"xdl amqt tg~tj

jmlev~qm, tg~tj ldaec `dlmxgum vdqcm~ejmg imbamq =9' Vmnm mjmq Lditbegkxmd jmlev~qkidg

~enmj mnm, xdl"xdl vdbtlm tg~tj `mqegimg mjmq nmg jmlev~qm ~enmj nevexmcjmg kldc am~mx

umgi gum~m' Vmnm ~e~ej ~tbatc mjmq ~mbvmj `dlmx xtxtgmg xdl"xdlgum umgi adqlmvex"lmvex

ndgimg am~mx"am~mx bdbat`tq umgi `dlmx' Cmgx~deg adqvdgnmvm~ amcym lmvexmg"lmvexmg

~dqxdat~ mjmg bdbadg~tj `mqegimg"`mqegimg jctxtx' Lmvexmg xdl"xdl vdbadg~tj `mqegimg

~dqxdat~ negmbmjmg cex~kidg' ^dkqe umgi bdbaehmqmjmg vdqecml xtxtgmg ~e~ej ~tbatc

nexdat~ ~dkqe cex~kidg'

Imbamq =9' Bdqex~db mvejml vmnm mjmq nmg nmdqmc ndqem~eogum' M nmg A, vmnm X~evm, xd`dgex qtbvt~"

qtbvt~mg' ^eim ~tbvtjmg vdbtlm' Xm~t ne mg~mqmgum bdbadg~tj ~tntgi mjmq, ume~t jmlev~qkidg' Dvendqbexneadg~tj adqxmbm"xmbm ndgimg jkq~djx' H nmg N, vmnm Qmvcmgtx m~mt lkamj' ^mbvmj bdqex~db ~dqxtxtg

=3


19/32

~eim lmvex' Dvendqbex neadg~tj adqxmb"xmbm ndgimg ~tntgi mjmq nmg jdntmgum nevexmcjmg kldc negnegi

vdqejlegml #nmqe Dxmt%'

Bdgtqt~ ~dkqe cex~kidg, ~e~ej ~tbatc vmnm mjmq nmvm~ neadnmjmg bdg`mne ~eim

cex~kidg ume~t 0 m% ndqbm~kidg, lmvexmg umgi vmlegi ltmq, x~daml xm~t xdl umgi mjmg

bdbadg~tj dvendqbex: a% vdqealdb, ~dqneqe adadqmvm lmvex xdl nexdadlmc ltmq ndqbm~kidg,

umgi mjmg bdbadg~tj jkq~djx: h% vldqkb, amiemg ~dgimc"~dgimc umgi mjmg bdgicmxeljmg

xelegndq vtxm~ m~mt x~dld: nmg jctxtx vmnm ~tbatcmg bkgkjk~el ~dqt~mbm xtjt qtbvt~"

qtbvt~mg ~dqnmvm~ xm~t lmvex jctxtx umgi mjmg bdbadg~tj jmlev~qm, nexdat~ jmlev~qkidg'

Vmnm ~e~ej ~tbatc ~tbatcmg vmjt"vmjtmg ~dqnmvm~ xm~t xdl vtghmj umgi adqadg~tj lebmx'

Xdl vtghmj mjmg bdbadg~tj `mqegimg mjmq nmg jmlev~qm' Vmnm Iubgkxvdqbmd t`tgi

mjmqgum bdbvtgume ntm jdlkbvkj xdl"xdl vdbtlm umgi ~dqxtxtg xdhmqm adqlmvex' Lmvex

umgi xdadlmc nmlmb mjmg bdbadg~tj vldqkb, xdnmgijmg lmvex umgi ltmq mjmg

bdbadg~tj vdqealdb nmg ndqbm~kidg, am~mx mg~mqm jdntm jdlkbvkj xdl"xdl vdbtlm ~enmj

`dlmx' Jmlev~qm nmvm~ nemgiimv xdamime lmg`t~mg vdq~tbatcmg vdqealdb umgi bdg`mtce xdl"

xdl vdbtlm' Vmnm ~tbatcmg Mgiekxvdqbmd, t`tgi mjmqgum bdbvtgmue ~eim jdlkbvkj

xdl"xdl vdbtlm umgi ~dqxtxtg xdhmqm adqlmvex' Lmvexmg umgi vmlegi ltmq mjmg bdbadg~tj

ndqbm~kidg nmg jmlev~qm, lmvexmg ~dgimc bdbadg~tj vdqealdb nmg umgi vmlegi nmlmb

bdbadg~tj vldqkb' Vmnm ~tbatcmg bkgkjk~el, ~dqt~mbm mgiik~m xtjt qtbvt~"

qtbvt~mg, t`tgi mjmqgum `tim bdbvtgume ~eim jdlkbvkj xdl"xdl vdbtlm umgi ~dqxtxtg

xdhmqm adqlmvex' Lmvex umgi vmlegi ltmq bdbadg~tj jmlev~qkidg, xdnmgijmg lmvex umgi

~mgimc bdbadg~tj ndqbm~kidg nmg vdqealdb nmg lmvex vmlegi nmlmb bdbadg~tj vldqkb'

Kldc jmqdgm e~t jmlev~qm vmnm qtbvt~"qtbvt~mg bdbvtgume am~mx umgi ~dimx ~dqcmnmv

ndqbm~kidg bmtvtg vdqealdb' Ndgimg ndbejemg vmnm mjmq, xdlmeg jd~eim cex~kidg

~dqxdat~ ne m~mx, `tim bdbvtgume cex~kidg jctxtx vdbadg~tj jmlev~qm umgi nexdat~

jmlev~qkidg, xdamimebmgm ~mbvmj vmnm imbamq =3'

Imbamq =3' Nemiqmb vdgmbvmgi at`tq mjmq umgi bdgtg`tjjmg bdqex~db mvejml' M0 V~dqenkvcu~m, xdl

mvejml bdbadlmc jd xdimlm mqmc bdgicmxeljmg vldqkb, vdqealdb, ndqbm~kidg, nmg jmlev~qm' A0

Iubgkxvdqbmd, ~dqneqe nmqe ntm lmvex, lmvexmg nmlmb bdbadg~tj vldqkb, xdnmgijmg lmvexmg ltmq bdgi"cmxeljmg ndqbm~kidg nmg vdqealdb, xdq~m ~tntgi mjmq' H0 Mgiekxvdqbmd, ~dqneqe ~eim lmvex' Lmvexmg nmlmb

bdgicmxeljmg vldqkb, lmvexmg ~dgimc bdgicmxeljmg vdqealdb nmg lmvexmg ltmq bdgicmxeljmg ndqbm~kidg

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nmg jmlev~qm' N0 Iqmbegmd, ~dqneqe ~eim lmvex' Lmvexmg nmlmb bdgicmxeljmg vldqkb, lmvexmg ~dgimc

bdgicmxeljmg vdqealdb nmg ndqbm~kidg, nmg lmvexmg ltmq bdgicmxeljmg jmlev~qkidg #nmqe Dmbx%'

D' Pkgm"Pkgm Vmnm Mjmq

Mvmaelm mjmq neeqex xdhmqm bdbat`tq, bmjm m~mx nmxmq ~egijm~ jdndymxmmg xdl"

xdlgum btlme nmqe t`tgi nmvm~ neadnmjmg bdg`mne adadqmvm nmdqmc m~mt pkgm ume~t 0

=' ^tntgi mjmq, bdqtvmjmg x~qtj~tq umgi bdbadqejmg vdqlegntgimg ~dqcmnmv bdqex~db

mvejml mjmq nmg bdbamg~t mjmq bdgdbatx ~mgmc' ^tntgi mjmq ~dqneqe nmqe xdl"xdl

vmqdgjeb centv nmg xdqegi jmle bdgimgntgi ~dvtgi'

1' Pkgm vdbadlmcmg xdl, nmdqmc ege ~dqld~mj ne adlmjmgi nmg ~dqlegntgi ~tntgi mjmq, xdl"

xdl vmnm nmdqmc ege nexdat~ vqkbdqex~db m~mt bdqex~db mvejml' Vqkbdqex~db ~dqneqe nmqe

xdl"xdlvmqdgjeb umgi jdhel"jdhel nmg xdqmimb, xe~kvlmxbmgum vdgtc nmg eg~egum adxmq'

Vqkbdqex~db mj~eo bdbadlmc, xdcegiim bdgudamajmg mjmq adq~mbamc vmg`mgi jmqdgm

vdgmbamcmg xdl"xdl amqt' Xdl"xdl amqt ~dqxdat~ bdg`mne adxmq nmg bdgndxmj bdqex~db

jd ndvmg'

8' Pkgm vdbmg`mgimg nmg vdbadg~mgimg xdl, nmdqmc ege ld~mjgum lmgixtgi ne adlmjmgi

pkgm vdbadlmcmg xdl' Vmnm nmdqmc ege nmvm~ neadnmjmg bdg`mne ~eim `mqegimg umgi

bmxegi"bmxegi nmvm~ adqneodqdgxemxe bdbadg~tj ndqem~ vqkbdqex~db' Jd~eim `mqegimg

~dqxdat~ emlmc vqk~kndqb umgi mjmg bdbadg~tj dvendqbex, bdqex~db nmxmq umgi mjmg

bdbadg~tj jkq~djx, nmg vqkjmbaetb umgi mjmg bdbadg~tj xelegndq vtxm~ m~mt x~dld

m~mt xelegndq vdbatltc'

>' Pkgm vdgndymxmmg xdl, ne nmdqmc ege xdl"xdl ~dlmc bdg`mne ndymxm nmg ~dlmc

adqneodqdgxemxe bdg`mne `mqegimg vdqbmgdg, bexmlgum dvendqbex jkq~djx' Vmnm xelegndq

vtxm~ ~dqnmvm~ olkdb nmg xeldb' Xeldb umgi vdq~mbm jmle neadg~tj nexdat~ vqk~kxeldb,

~dlmc ~mbvmj xdamime ntm ~e~ej m~mt ldaec vmnm mqmc `mqe"`mqe umgi adqlmymgmg'

Ndbejemg vtlm ndgimg vqk~kolkdb ~mbvmj xdamime xdjdlkbvkj xdl"xdl jdhel umgi

adqxdlmgi xdlegi ndgimg vqk~kxeldb'

4' Pkgm `mqegimg vqebdq nmg pkgm qmbat~ mjmq, `mqegimg umgi ~dqnmvm~ btlme nmqe pkgm

vdgndymxmmg xmbvme am~mx pkgm `mqegimg vqebdq nexdat~ `mqegimg vqebdq, jmqdgm

adqjdbamgi m~mt adqmxml lmgixtgi nmqe vqkbdqex~db'

?' Pkgm `mqegimg xdjtgndq, vmnm ~tbatcmg Nejk~el nmg Iubgkxvdqbmd, ne ltmq pkgm

`mqegimg vqebdq neexe kldc `mqegimg xdjtgndq' @mqegimg ege adqmxml nmqe vdbadlmcmg

jmbaetb, xdcegiim bdgudamajmg vdgmbamcmg nembd~dq nmqe mjmq, mjeam~gum

dgnkndqbex, jkq~djx, nmg dvendqbex bdg`mne cmghtq jmqdgm ~enmj nmvm~ bdgiebamgie

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vdgmbamcmg nembd~dq mjmq' Vmnm ~tbatcmg Bkgkjk~el ~enmj ~dqnmvm~ pkgm `mqegimg

xdjtgndq' Vdqcm~ejmg imbamq =5'

Imbamq =5' Nemiqmb vdgmbvmgi bdbat`tq t`tgi mjmq umgi bdgtg`tjjmg pkgm"pkgm nmg neodqdgxemxe

`mqegimg' Vmnm vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi, eqexmg bdlmlte pkgm vdbadg~mgimg xdl, ~mbvmj mnmgum vqkjmbaetb,

bdqex~db nmxmq, nmg vqk~kndqbm' Imbamq nmlmb jk~mj xdadlmc jmgmg, bdgtg`tjjmg ~dbvm~"~dbvm~

vdbatm~mg eqexmg' M, vdgmbvmgi bdbat`tq t`tgi mjmq btlme nmqe jmlev~qm xmbvme pkgm `mqegimg vqebdq nmgpkgm qmbat~ mjmq' A, eqexmg bdleg~mgi nmqe pkgm `mqegimg vqebdq' Vmnm pkgm ege ~dqxtxtg kldc `mqegimg

vqebdq xdamime cmxel neodqdgxemxe vqkbdqex~db' Jmbaetb adltb ~dqadg~tj nmg ~mbvmj btlme ~dqadg~tj

1=


22/32

mjmq hmamgi' H, eqexmg bdleg~mgi nmqe pkgm `mqegimg xdjtgndq myml' Jmbaetb ~dlmc ~dqadg~tj ne mg~mqm

olkdb vqebdq nmg xeldb vqebdq' Jmbaetb ~dlmc bdbadg~tj xeldb xdjtgndq nmg olkdb xdjtgndq' ^mbvmj

vtlm vdbadg~tjmg mjmq hmamgi' Dgnkndqbex, jkq~djx, nmg dvendqbex ~mbvmj bmxec t~tc #nmqe Btlldq%'

lmg`t~mg imbamq =5' N, eqexmg bdleg~mgi nmqe pkgm `mqegimg xdjtgndq ldaec lmg`t~' Olkdb vqebdq ~mbvmj

~dqnkqkgi kldc olkdb xdjtgndq umgi necmxeljmg kldc jmbaetb jd mqmc ltmq legijmqmg' Dgnkndqbex, jkq~djx,nmg dvendqbex ~mbvmj bmxec t~tc' D, eqexmg bdleg~mgi nmqe pkgm `mqegimg xdjtgndq umgi ~dlmc adqjdbamgi

xdhmqm xdbvtqgm' Mjmq ~dqneqe nmqe `mqegimg xdjtgndq, jdhtmle xdneje~ xeldb vqebdq bmxec ~dqxexm, olkdb

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vqebdq ~dlmc cmghtq ~dqndxmj kldc olkdb xdjtgndq' Dgnkndqbex, jkq~djx, nmg dvendqbex cmghtq, ~egiiml xexm"

xexm' Xdamime img~egum ~mbvmj mnmgum `mqegimg jmbaetb imatx ndmg imatx' Legijmqmg ~mctg neadg~tj kldc

xeldb xdjtgndq, bdgtg`tjjmg tbtq vdq~tbatcmg mjmq #nmqe Btlldq%'

Vdqjdbamgimg qmbat~ mjmq

Dvendqbex adqjdbamgi nmqe vqk~kndqbm, vmnm pkgm vdgndymxmmg xdl, adadqmvm xdl

dvendqbex mjmg adqneodqdgxemxe bdg`mne qmbat~ mjmq' Dvendqbex umgi mjmg bdg`mne

qmbat~ mjmq nexdat~ ~qejckalmx' ^qejckalmx bdbvtgume heqe"heqe umgi adqadnm ndgimg

hmlkg xdl"xdl dvendqbex vmnm tbtbgum' Vmnm tbtbgum ~qejckalmx adqtjtqmg ldaec jdhel

nmg bdbvtgume xe~kvlmxbm umgi vdjm~' Vmnm adadqmvm ~tbatcmg, ~qejckalmx bdqtvmjmg

cmxel vdbadlmcmg xdl dvendqbex umgi ~enmj xmbm, ~dqt~mbm ~enmj xmbm nmlmb cml

vdbamiemg xe~kvlmxbmgum' Vmnm xtm~t xdl dvendqbex, xe~kvlmxbm amgumj ~dqjtbvtl vmnm

amiemg mvejml xdl #amiemg ege xdmqmc ndgimg t`tgi mjmq%, xdlmg`t~gum xdl ~dqxdat~bdgimlmbe vdbadlmcmg bdgicmxeljmg xdl jdhel nmg xdl umgi ldaec adxmq jd mqmc

vqkjxebml' Tg~tj ldaec `dlmxgum vdqcm~ejmg imbamq 16 nmg imbamq 1=

Imbamq 16' ^qejckalm~ vmnm dvendqbex mjmq Cunqkhcmqex' M, vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi bdgtg`tjjmg~qejckalmx ndgimg xe~kvlmxbm umgi vdjm~' Qh, ~eim lmvex jmlev~qm' A, vdgbmvmgi ~mgidgxeml bdlmlte

dvendqbex, ~mbvmj ~qejckalmx ndgimg xe~kvlmxbm umgi vdjm~ #nmqe Dmbx%'

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Imbamq 1=' Vdqjdbamgimg ~qejckalmx bdg`mne qmbat~ mjmq' ^mbvmj vqkxdx vdbadg~mgimg negnegi xdl

~dq`mne vmnm xm~t xexe, ume~t vmnm xexe ltmq #nmqe Dmbx%'

O' ^qmgxexe mjmq"am~mgi

Mjmq nmg am~mgi bdqtvmjmg xtm~t xtbat umgi adqjdxegmbatgimg, gmbtg mqmc

~tbatcgum xmgim~ adqadnm' Mjmq vmnm tbtbgum ~tbatc ne amymc vdqbtjmmg ~mgmc,

xdnmgijmg am~mgi ~tbatcgum ne m~mx vdqbtjmmg ~mgmc' Kldc jmqdgm e~t mnm xtm~t nmdqmc

~qmgxexe nebmgm `mqegimg vdgutxtg mjmq mjmq adq~dbt ndgimg `mqegimg vdgutxtg am~mgi

am~mgi' Dvendqbex, jkq~djx, dgnkndqbex, vdqexejdl, nmg `mqegimg vdgimgijt~ xdhmqm

lmgixtgi bdqtvmjmg `mqegimg adqjdlmg`t~mg mg~mqm mjmq ndgimg am~mgi, gmbtg ~enmj

ndbejemg ndgimg ejm~mg vdbatltc, ejm~mg vdbatltc umgi xeldb nmg olkdbgum ~dqxtxtg

qmneml vmnm mjmq mjmg adq~dbt ndgimg ejm~mg vdbatltc umgi xeldb nmg olkdbgum

~dqxtxtg xdhmqm jkgxdg~qex jklm~dqml vmnm ~tbatcmg nejk~el m~mt ~dqxdamq vmnm ~tbatcmg

bkgkjk~el' Xeldb umgi endvdgndg nmg adq~evd djxmqjc vmnm mjmq mjmg bdgdqkakx bmxtj

jd ejm~mg vdbatltc umgi ld~mj xeldb nmg olkdbgum xdhmqm adqnmbvegimg m~mt jklm~dqml

nmg adq~evd dgnmqjc' Kldc jmqdgm e~t mnm vdqtamcmg vkxexe umgi bdlevt~e vdbt~mqmg nmg

vdbamlejmg tg~memg xeldb' Tg~tj `dlmxgum vdqcm~ejmg imbamq 11 nmg 18' Vdqtamcmg nmqe

xm~t ~evd x~qtj~tq vdgimgijt~ bdg`mne ~evd lmeg umgi ~dq`mne vmnm xtbat t~mbm nexdat~

nmdqmc ~qmgxexe'

Nmdqmc ~qmgxexe ld~mjgum jeqm"jeqm vmn amiemg t`tgi qmnejtlm xmbvme vmnm amiemg

vmlegi nmxmq nmqe cevkjk~e' Vmg`mgigum aexm adadqmvm belebd~dq, ~d~mve aexm `tim adadqmvm

xdg~ebd~dq, xmgim~ ~dqimg~tgi nmqe `dgex ~tbatcmggum' Xdhmqm bkqoklkie, nmdqmc ~qmgxexe

ege bdbvtgume nembd~dq umgi ldatc amxmq nmqe vmnm mjmq bmtvtg am~mgi, ~mbvmj xdamime

nmdqmc umgi ~dq~djmg' Vmnm nmdqmc ~qmgxexe ~mbvmj mnmgum vdgmbamcmg nembd~dq, umgi

nentim mjeam~ mnmgum vdgiimgnmmg `mqegimg vdbatltc, vdqhmamgimg, vdbt~mqmg nmg

vdgiimatgimg tg~memg xeldb' Mnm dbvm~ ~evd ~qmgxexe mjmq"am~mgi umgi ~dlmc nejdgml,emlmc 0

^evd M' Imbamq 18M, bmxegi"bmxegi tg~memg xeldb adqhmamgi ndgimg hmqm vdbadlmcmg

qmneml, bmxegi" bmxegi hmamgi bdgt`t jd m~mx ndgimg hmqm adqmutg jdxmbvegi, xm~t

bdgt`t jd jmgmg nmg umgi xm~t bdgt`t jd jeqe, nmg vmnm ymj~t umgi adqxmbmmg

bdbt~mq =36k nmg adqimatgi ndgimg olkdb vmnm xexe amiemg nmlmb' Vmnm mjceqgum, ~mgvm

bdqtamc adg~tj nmg kqedg~mxegum mjmg bdg`mne tg~memg ltqtx nmqe mjmq jd am~mgi'

^evd A' Imbamq 18A, ~evd ege adqadnm ndgimg ~evd umgi vdq~mbm, amcym amej xeldb

bmtvtg olkdbgum bdbadlmc nmg adqhmamgi, bmxegi"bmxegi adqmutg jd xmbvegi m~mx

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nmg adq~dbt ndgimg vmxmgimggum umgi vkxexegum adqlmymgmg ndgimg tg~memg ne nmlmb

mjmq' Tg~memg xeldb adqamlej xdvdq~e jdmnmmg xdbtlm, tg~memg olkdb bdbvdq~mcmgjmg

kqedg~mxegum' Ndgimg hmqm ege ~dq`mnelmc vdgiimgnmmg ejm~mg vdbatltc vmnm am~mgi

bdg`mne ntm jmle levmx nmqevmnm ejm~mg vdbatltc mjmq'

Imbamq 11' Vmgnmgimg bdbat`tq nmdqmc ~qmgxexe' M, ~dqnmvm~ vmnm jdhmbamc imgntb nmg A, ~dqnmvm~

vmnm omxd dbaqek #nmqe Dmbx%

^evd H' Imbamq 18H, vmnm ~evd ege tg~memg xeldb ~enmj bdbadlmc, ~d~mve xdhmqm adqmgixtq

mjmg ~dqveleg nmg mjeqgum mjmg adqvt~mq =36k

' Xdbdg~mqm e~t tg~memg olkdb bdbadlmc nmg

xdvmqtcgum adqmutg jd xmbvegi , bdgt`t jd vkxexe xeldb nmg adqimatgi tg~memg xeldb

vmnm vdqbtjmmg ltmq''

^evd N' Imbamq 18N, vmnm ~evd ege, xdvmqtc nmqe tg~memg xeldb bdbadlmc nmg

adqhmamgi, hmamgigum adqmutg jdxmbvegi adqimatgi ndgimg tg~memg xeldb umgi ~enmj

bdbadlmc' Tg~memg xeldb umgi ~enmj bdbadlmc `tim ~dqveleg, xdcegiim xd~dlmc adqimatgi

mjmg bdbadg~tjmg tg~memg xeldb umgi ~dqamlej' Tg~memg olkdb ~enmj bdbadlmc, xdcegiim

xd~emv tg~me olkdb mjmg adqimatgi ndgimg ~eim tg~me xeldb, ndgimg ndbejemg bmjm

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`tblmc ejm~mg vdbatltc vmnm am~mgi bdg`mne xd~dgimc `tblmc ejm~mg vdbatltc vmnm

mjmq'

Imbamq 18' Nemiqmb ~qmgxexe mjmq"am~mgi, bdtg`tjjmg mnm dbvm~ ~evd' M"=, A"=, H"=, nmg N"= mnmlmc

bdymjele nmdqmc mjmq, xdnmgijmg M"4, A"4, H"4, nmg N"4, bdymjele nmdqmc am~mgi' Imbamq ne mg~mqmgum

bdymjele nmdqmc ~qmgxexe umgi bdgiimbamqjmg adqamime ~mcmv vdbdalmcmg, vdbt~mqmg nmg vdgiimatgi

tg~memg xeldb nmg olkdb #nmqe Dmbx%'

1?


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Qmgijtbmg

Xdhmqm tbtb mjmq bdbvtgume x~qtj~tq xdamime adqejt~, adq~tqt~"~tqt~ nmqe ltmq jd

nmlmb mnmlmc dvendqbex, amiemg jkq~djx umgi vmnm tbtbgum ~dqexe `mqegimg vmqdgjeb,

dgnkndqbex, vdqexejdl, nmg xelegndq vtxm~ umgi ~dqxtxtg kldc xex~db `mqegimg ume~t xeldb

nmg olkdb' X~qtj~tq vqebdq mjmq nejk~el bmtvtg bkgkjk~el ~enmj adqadnm' Gmbtg nmlmb

vdqjdbamgimg xdlmg`t~gum mjmq ~tbatcmg nejk~el bdgimlmbe vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq

xdamime mjeam~ mnmgum mj~eoe~mx jmbaetb, xdcegiim vmnm mjmq ~tbatcmg nejk~el umgi

~dlmc bdgimlmbe vdq~tbatcmg xdjtgndq bdbvtgume x~qtj~tq umgi adqadnm ndgimg

x~qtj~tq mjmq vmnm bmxm vdq~tbatcmg vqebdq'

X~qtj~tq vqebdq ~dqxtxtg kldc `mqegimg vqebdq umgi adqmxml nmqe bdqex~db vqebdq,

emlmc vqk~kndqbm umgi mjmg bdgicmxeljmg dvendqbex, bdqex~db nmxmq umgi mjmg

bdgicmxeljmg `mqegimg vmqdgjeb vdgiexe amiemg jkq~djx mjmq, nmg vqkjmbaetb umgi

mjmg bdgicmxeljmg xeldb vqebdq, jmbaetb nmg olkdb vqebdq vmnm ~tbatcmg nejk~el,

xdnmgijmg vmnm ~tbatcmg bkgkjk~el vqkjmbaetb mjmg bdgicmxeljmg xeldb vqebdq nmg

olkdb vqebdq' Jd~eim bdqex~db vqebdq ~dqxdat~ adqmxml nmqe vqkbdqex~db umgi bdqtvmjmg amiemg nmqe `mqegimg dbaqekgml' Kldc jmqdgm e~t `mqegimg vqkbdqex~db nexdat~ vtlm

ndgimg `mqegimg dbaqekgml'

X~qtj~tq xdjtgndq vmnm mjmq mnmlmc adq~tqt~"~tqt~ nmqe ltmq jd nmlmb emlmc lmvexmg

vdqendqb, jdbtnemg x~dld umgi ~dqxtxtg xeldb xdjtgndq nmg olkdb xdjtgndq' Lmvexmg

vdqendqb adqmxml nmqe vdqexejdl umgi bdgimlmbe xeom~ bdqex~dbm~ex jdbamle bdgicmxeljmg

jmbaetb imatx umgi mjceqgum bdgicmxeljmg imatx nmg odlkndqb' Nmlmb cml ege,

vdqexejdl nexdat~ vtlm ndgimg vdqejmbaetb' Xeldb xdjtgndq nmg olkdb xdjtgndq adqmxml

nmqe jmbaetb mxjtldq umgi adqmxml nmqe vqkjmbaetb nmg aexm `tim adqmxml nmqe vdqexejdl

Xtm~t nmdqmc umgi ~dqld~mj ne mg~mqm mjmq nmg am~mgi, nexdat~ nmdqmc vdqmlecmg,

xdama vmnm nmdqmc ege bdbvtgume x~qtj~tq vdqmlecmg, ~dqt~mbm xtxtgmg adqjmx

vdgimgijt~gum bdqtvmjmg vdqmlecmg mg~mqm x~qtj~tq adqjmx vdgimgijt~ mjmq nmg x~qtj~tq

adqjmx vdgimgijt~ am~mgi' Vkxexe xeldb nmg olkdb vmnm nmdqmc vdqmlecmg mjmg bdgimlmbe

vdbadlmcmg nmg vdqtamcmg kqedg~mxegum xdxtme ndgimg bmxegi"bmxegi ~evd mjmq'

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VDGTG^TG VQMJ^EJTB

VDGIMG^MQ

X~qtj~tq mgm~kbe mjmq ldaec xdndqcmgm neamgnegijmg x~qtj~tq mgm~kbe am~mgi,

ymlmtvtg x~qtj~tq mjmq bdbvtgume amgumj mqemxe' Vmnm vdgimbm~mg bdleg~mgi x~qtj~tq

vqebdq mjmq nmvm~ neadnmjmg bdg`mne ~eim xex~db `mqegimg, ume~t xex~db `mqegimg vdgt~tv

~dqneqe nmqe dvendqbex nmg ndqem~gum: xex~db `mqegimg nmxmq m~mt jkq~djx: xex~db `mqegimg

vdgimgijt~ adqtvm x~dld m~mt xelegndq vtxm~' Vmnm amiemg t`tgi mjmq ~dqnmvm~ xex~db

vdlegntgi bdqex~db mvejml mjmq ume~t ~tntgi mjmq m~mt jmlev~qm'

M' Xex~db `mqegimg vdgt~tv'

Dvendqbex mnmlmc `mqegimg vqebdq vmnm mjmq umgi adqotgixe xdamime vdlegntgi m~mt

adqotgixe xdamime jtle~ vmlegi ltmq' Vmnm tbtbgum ~dqneqe xm~t lmvex, ~d~mve vmnm adadqmvm

mjmq ~dqnmvm~ ldaec nmqe xm~t lmvex' Qmbat~ mjmq bdqtvmjmg bkneoejmxe dvendqbex mjmq,

~dqnmvm~ adadqmvm belebd~dq neadlmjmgi nmdqmc bdqex~db mvejml mjmq, adqotgixe xdamime

vdgudqmv meq nmg cmqm nmqe ~mgmc' Qmbat~ mjmq adqmxml nmqe xdl"xdl jctxtx umgi adqadnm

tjtqmg nmg bd~maklexbd ndgimg xdl"xdl dvendqbex nexdje~mqgum, umgi nejdgml ndgimg

gmbm ~qejkalmx

Vmnm adadqmvm ~tbatcmg dveoe~, bexmlgum mgiiqdj, bdbvtgume dvendqbex imgnm

umgi nexdat~ dlmbdg, ~dqxtxtg kldc adadqmvm lmvex xdl umgi adqadg~tj xdie dgmb,

adqnegnegi ~daml adqotgixe xdamim `mqegimg vdgudqmv meq' _dlmbdg bdqtvmjmg `mqegimg

bm~e' Vmnm adadqmvm atjt mnm umgi bdgudat~jmg dlmbdg adqotgixe xdamime vdlegntgi

bdghdimc ldvmxgum meq nmqe jkq~djx mjmq tnmqm, jmqdgm xdl"xdl dlmbdg umgi ndymxm ~enmj

nmvm~ ne~dbatx kldc meq'

A' Xex~db `mqegimg nmxmq

Jkq~djx bdqtvmjmg nmdqmc umgi ~dqnmvm~ ne mg~mqm dvendqbex nmg vdqexejdl' Vmnm

tbtbgum ~dqxtxtg kldc `mqegimg vmqdgjeb umgi xdl"xdlgum adqnegnegi ~evex, adqadg~tj

exknembd~qex, ndgimg qtmgi mg~mq xdl umgi adxmq' Vmnm mjmq ~tbatcmg meq m~mt vmnm mjmqumgi ~tbatcgum ne ~mgmc"~mgmc umgi ldbama, vmnm tbtbgum jkq~djx ~dqxtxtg kldc

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`mqegimg vdguebvmg tnmqm umgi nejdgml ndgimg mdqdgjeb' @mqegimg ege xdadgmqgum

adqmxml nmqe `mqegimg vmqdgjeb umgi ~dqadg~tj xdhmqm lexeidg, xepkidg m~mt imatgimg

jdntmgum ume~txepklexeidg'

Vmnm jkq~djx `tim nmvm~ ne`tbvme mnmgum enekalmx bmtvtg jqex~ml"jqex~ml' Ne

xmbvegi e~t `tim ne`tbvme mnmgum `mqegimg vdgitm~ adqtvm jkldgjeb m~mtvtg xjldqdgjeb'

Lmvexmg ~dqltmq jkq~djx nmvm~ bdgimlmbe neodqdgxemxe bdg`mne cevkndqbex umgi

adqnegnegi xtadqeg m~mt nexdat~ vtlm ndgimg djxkndqbex' Xdnmgijmg lmvexmg ~dqnmlmb

jkq~djx, umgi adqam~mxmg lmgixtgi ndgimg vdqexejdl, aemxmgum xm~t lmvex ~dqxtxtg kldc xdl"

xdl umgi bdbvtgume vdgdamlmg negnegi adqtvm ve~m umgi nexdat~ ndgimg dgnkndqbex'

Vdgdamlmg negnegigum nejdgml ndgimg ve~m jmxvmqe, mvmaelm nembm~e vdgmbvmgi

bdleg~mgigum, ve~m jmxvmqe ege bdbadg~tj ctqto T umgi adqndqd~"ndqd~'

H' Xex~db `mqegimg vdgimgijt~

@mqegimg vdgimgijt~ vmnm mjmq bdbadg~tj xtm~t xtbat t~mbm umgi nexdat~

xelegndq vtxm~ m~mt x~dld' X~dld nexdadlmc ltmq neam~mxe kldc vdqexejdl m~mt vdqejmbaetb'

Vdqexejdl nmvm~ adqtamc xeom~ bdg`mne bdqex~dbm~ex lmie nmg bdbadg~tj mjmq hmamgi,

jmbaetb mxjtldq nmg jmbaetb imatx'

@mqegimg vdgimgijt~ ~dqneqe nmqe adadqmvm xex~db `mqegimg m~mt `mqegimg jkbvldjx,

ume~t xeldb nmg olkdb' Xeldb ~dqneqe nmqe ~qmjdm, ~qmjden, xdqmat~, vmqdgjeb xeldb'

Ndbejemg vtlm cmlgum olkdb, ~dqneqe nmqe xdl ~mvexmg, atltc ~mvexmg, xdl vdgieqegi, xdqmat~

olkdb nmg vmqdgjeb olkdb'

Ld~mj xeldb ~dqcmnmv olkdb vmnm mjmq mnmlmc adqxdlmgi xdlegi xdhmqm qmneml,

xdcegiim ~evd adqjmx vdgimgijt~ vmnm mjmq nexdat~ ndgimg ~evd qmneml' Xd~emv adqjmx

xeldb vmnm mjmq mjmg bdbadg~tj ~kg`klmg jdmqmc ltmq xdqtvm atatgimg' Kldc jmqdgm e~t

adqnmxmqjmg amgumjgum atatgimg vmnm xd~emv vdgmbvmgi bdleg~mgi mjmq, nejdgml mnmadadqmvm mqemxe ume~t, nemqjc ndgimg ntm atatgimg, ~qemqjc ndgimg ~eim atatgimg,

~d~qmjc ndgimg dbvm~ atatgimg, vdg~mqjc ndgimg lebm atatgimg nmg vklemqjc ndgmig

atatgimg ldaec nmqe lebm'

Vqkjmbaetb vmnm mjmq mjmg bdgimlmbe neodqdgxemxe bdg`mne xeldb vqebdq, olkdb

vqebdq nmg jmbaetb mxjtldq #~dqt~mbm vmnm mjmq nejk~el%' Xeldb nmg olkdb umgi

vdq~mbm jmle neadg~tj nexdat~ vqk~kxeldb nmg vqk~kolkdb, xdnmgijmg xdlmg`t~gum mjmg

bdbadg~tj bd~mxeldb nmg bd~molkdb' Ld~mj vqk~kxeldb adqmnm nexdadlmc ltmq xdnmgijmg

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bd~mxeldb ~dqld~mj nexdadlmc nmlmb vqk~kxeldb' Kldc jmqdgm e~t adqnmxmqjmg vkxexe

vqk~kxeldbgum, xtxtgmggum nexdat~ djxmqjc'

@ T N T L 0 X^QTJ^TQ MGM^KBE MJMQ BKGKJK^EL NMG NEJK^EL

^ T @ T M G

=' Bdgimbm~e nmg bdbvdlm`mqe x~qtj~tq tbtb mjmq'

1' Bdgimbm~e nmg bdgiimbamq xex~db mqegimg vmnm mjmq bkgkjk~el'

8' Bdgimbm~e nmg bdgiimbamq xex~db `mqegimg vmnm mjmq nejk~el btnm nmg ndymxm'

>' Bdgimbm~e nmg bdgiimbamq ~evd adqjmx vdgimgijt~ vmnm mjmq'

4' Bdgimbm~e nmg bdgimbamq x~dld vmnm mjmq'

VQKXDNTQ

=' Atm~lmc eqexmg bdleg~mgi xd~evex btgijeg nmqe bmxegi"bmxegi amcmg #mjmq% umgi ~dlmc

ne~d~mvjmg, jdbtnemg mbm~elmc ne amymc bejqkxjkv ndgimg bdnetb meq'

1' Vdq~mbm jmle mbm~elmc ndgimg vdqadxmqmg ldbmc #kj 4S, ka =6S% tg~tj bdbvdlm`mqe

~m~m ld~mj `mqegimg xdhmqm tbtb'

8' Xdhmqm adq~mcmv ~egijm~jmg vdqadxmqmggum #kj =6 S, ka =6S% tg~tj bdbvdlm`mqe heqe"

heqe nmqe xd~emv `mqegimg'

>' Ndgimg vdqadxmqmg jtm~ #kj =6S, ka >6+>4S% mbm~elmc xm~t xdj~kq jdbtnemg

imbamqlmc'

4' Adqelmc jd~dqmgimg vmnm imbamq xmtnmqm'

MLM^ NMG AMCMG

m' Mlm~ umgi nevdqltjmg

=% Xeld~ umgi bmxec amqt1% Jmhm vqdvmqm~ nmg vdqldgijmvmgum

8% Bejqkxjkv

a' Amcmg umgi nevdqltjmg

=% Mjmq @mitgi m~mt Pdm bmux' Vdqcm~ejmg `mqegimg dvendqbex, djxkndqbex,

dgnkndqbex ndgimg vdgdamlmg"vdgdamlmg jmxvmqegum, xdl"xdl vdqdxmv umgi

~dqnmvm~ nemg~mqm xdl"xdl dgnkndqbex, vdqexejdl m~mt vdqejbaetb, adqjmx

vdgimgijt~ ~evd qmneml, djxmqjc nmg vklemqjc'

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1% Mjmq mgiiqdj dveoe~ bexmlgumMqmhcgex' Vdqcm~ejmg mnmgum dlmbdg ndgimg xdl"

xdl xdie dgmb, adqnegnegi ~daml, djxkndbex, jlkqdgjeb, dgnkndqbex ndgimg xdl"

xdl vdqdxmvgum, Jqex~ml kjxmlm~ vmnm vmqdgjeb nmg adqjmx vdgimgijt~ qmnemlgum'

8% Mjmq Atgim bm~mcmqe m~mt Cdlemg~ctx mggtx' Tg~tj mjmq btnm vdqcm~ejmg

x~qtj~tq vqebdqgum, dvendqbex, vmqdgjeb jkq~djx, dgnkndqbex, vdqexejdl,

jmbaetb mxjtldq, adqjmx vdgimgijt~gum ~evd qmneml, djxmqjc, ~d~qmjc m~mt

vdg~mqjc' Tg~tj mjmq ~tm vdqcm~ejmg x~qtjtq xdjtgndqgum, xeldb xdjtgndq, olkdb

xdjtgndq, jmbaetb nmg ~evd adqjmx vdgimgijt~gum'

>% Mjmq `mqmj m~mt Qehegtx hkbbtgex' Vdqcm~ejmg dvendqbex ~dlmc qtxmj, xdcegiim

`mqegimg ~dqltmqgum ~dqneqe adadqmvm lmvex vdqendqb, xtxtgmg adqjmx vdgimgijt~

xdjtgndqgum umgi ~dqneqe xeldb xdjtgndq nmg olkdb xdjtgndq, ld~mj xeldb

xdjtgndq ~dqcmnmv olkdb xdjtgndq, jkgxdg~qex jklm~dqml' Vdqcm~ejmg vtlm nmdqmc

vtxm~ vdgmbvmgi, ~dqexe kldc xeldb vqebdq umgi bmxec bdgmbvmjjmg heqe jcmx

x~qtj~tq mjmq'

VDQ^MGUMG

=' @dlmxjmg `mqegimg mvm xm`m umgi bdgutxtg x~qtj~tq vqebdq bmtvtg x~qtj~tq xdjtgndq

mjmq ;

1' @dlmxjmg mvm umgi xmtnmqm jd~mcte ~dg~mgi dvendqbex, djxkndqbex, cevkndqbex nmg

dgnkndqbex ;

8' @dlmxjmg mvm umgi xmtnmqm jd~mcte ~dg~mgi dlmbdg nmlmb cml x~qtj~tq, otgixe nmg

~dqnmvm~gum ;

>' Btgijegjmc vmnm mjmq bkgkjk~el `mqegimg vdgutxtggum ~dqneqe nmqe `mqegimg

xdjtgndq xdbtmgum ; Adqelmc mlmxmg ~dqcmnmv `mymamg xmtnmqm-

4' Adqnmxmqjmg amgumjgum atatgimg umgi neadg~tj kldc xeldb vqebdq, adnmjmg mg~mqmmjmq bkgkjk~el ndgimg mjmq nejk~el-

?' Mvmjmc vdqadnmmg mg~mqm vklemqjc, djxmqjc, nmg dgnmqjc;

9' Bdgimvm vmnm mjmq nejk~el umgi bdgimlmbe vdq~tbacmg xdjtgndq ~mj ~dqam~mx ~enmj

ne`tbvme mnmgum dvendqbex nmg jkq~djx; @dlmxjmg ndgimg adqamime mlmxmggum'

3' Nmvm~jmc x~dld vmnm mjmq nexdat~ ndgimg vqk~kx~dld ; @dlmxjmg mymamg xmtnmqm xdq~m

mlmxmggum-

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Date post:	30-May-2018
Category:	Documents
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