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(Science)
Zoom
To the Moon and Back
Germ Fighter
Paris France
Split!
Celebrities Past & Present
Table of Contents Zoom_______Gary Scott_________3
To the Moon and Back_____Jess Bahr_____5
Germ Fighter______Josh Bearn_______7
Paris France_______ Lucian Stevens_____9
Light Speed______Robin Banks____13
The Naturalist________Meredith Smith______11
Boom!________Kevin Smithson_____15
Strum______Ace Rayxing____17
The Center of the Universe______Andrea Fox_____19
From still to Motion_____Jackson Taurus_____21
The early Naturalist_____Billy Harper_____23
Periodically Incline_____Ray Marshal____25
Not an Ordinary Hole______Mason White_____27
Just a Vehicle_____Jose Gonzales_____29
Ouch my Head____Marcus Sanchez____31
Poisoned Reading_____Hannabella Smilan____33
The big Screen_____Billy Bob Joe____35
Table of Contents Inventeur Jade Makala 3
Strum Ace Rayxing 5
The Big Screen Dawn Carter 7
Ouch my Head Marcus Sanchez 9
To the Moon and Back Jess Bahr 11
Paris France Lucian Stevens 13
Zoom Gary Scott 15
Not an Ordinary Hole Mason White 17
The Father of Microbiology Emily Goodling 19
From still to Motion Jackson Taurus 21
Bill Gates or Bill Grate Hugh Jass 23
The Naturalist Meredith Smith 25
Poisoned Reading Hannabella Smilan 27
Just a Vehicle Jose Gonzales 29
Splat! Mark Robertson 31
Boom! Kevin Smithson 33
Curie…ous Kim Joyce 35
The early Naturalist Billy Harper 37
The Center of the Universe Andrea Fox 39
Bang! Victor Ricardo Rodriquez 41
Inventeur By: Jade Makala
He was an American
interpreter, a
marketer, and an
inventor. He was the
chairman, co-funder,
and CEO of Apple
Inc. This is Steve
Jobs. Are you
familiar with or own
any apple products?
Such as the IPhone,
IPod, IPad, or IMac? If
so, you may already know a little bit
about Steve, his products, his life, or
his family.
Steve Jobs was born on
February 24, 1955 in San Francisco,
California. He was an adopted child,
who was named and raised by his
adopted parents. It wasn’t until he
was 27 years old that he could
uncover information about his
biological parents. His real name is
Steven Paul Jobs and went by Steve
Jobs. When Steve Jobs was in
elementary and middle school he was
not necessarily a “good kid”. He got
into a lot of trouble and did not do
much of his work. Although he did
not have the best grades and he was
not very well behaved, he was
very smart. When
he was in fourth
grade, his teacher
wanted to skip him
to high school - a
proposal that his
parents declined.
As he began to get
older he began to
straighten out. He attended Reed
Collage in Portland Oregon, from
1972 to 1974. He studied physics,
litature, and poetry. At the age of 21,
Jobs and his partner, Wozniak,
started Apple Computer. The duo
began in the Jobs’ garage and funded
their entrepreneurial venture by Jobs
selling his bus, and Wozniak selling
his beloved scientific calculator. Jobs
and Wozniak are credited with
revolutionizing the computer industry
by democratizing the technology and
making the machines smaller,
cheaper, and accessible to everyday
consumers. However, the next
!
several apple products suffered
significant design flaws, resulting in
recalls and customer disappointment.
Soon enough, Jobs left apple and in
1985, he bought an animation
company, which came to be Pixar
Animation Studios. After this, Jobs
put Apple back on track and many
more inventions that are now called
the iPhone, iPod, iMac, etc. In
addition to his amazing careers, he
had a beautiful wife named Laurence
Powell Jobs. They had three children
together named Lisa Brennan-
Jobs, Erin Siena Jobs, Reed Jobs,
and Eve Jobs and a daughter from
another mother. As a family they
lived in Palo Alto, California. As
Steve Jobs got older, he
encountered pancreatic cancer.
After battling this for almost a
decade, Apple Inc. announced on
October 5, 2011, that its co-
funder had passed away. He had
passed away in Palo Alto,
California, at the age of 56.
In Steven Paul Jobs’ lifetime he
was awarded many awards. He was
awarded the National Medal of
Technology and Innovation in 1985,
The Grammy Trustees Award in 2012,
The PGA Vanguard Award in 2002,
Jefferson Award for the Great Public
Service in 1987, and the Bravo Otto –
Internet Star in 2011. He was an
amazing man. He was a genius. Next
time you get onto you iPhone iPod or
iMac, thank Steve Jobs for that. If it
was not for him, you would not have
or do the things you do on your Apple
product without him.
Strum
By: Ace Rayxing
Have you ever seen a
show called “How the
Universe Works”? Do
you have an interest
in what they do in
it? Well, you will
be finding out
more about one of
the scientists.
This particular
scientist was
the co-
founder of something
very important. This
person has had an
interest in science for
many years. When he
was small, he made an
atom smasher as a
child. Does this make
you excited? Well, you
are about to find more
about the person.
Probably the most
important thing about
this person is his name,
Michio Kaku.
Michio Kaku
was born on January
24, 1947 and
he was
born in
San Jose,
California. Kaku began
to have an interest in
science as a child. He
made an atom smasher
as a kid as mentioned
before in this article.
He has a family of 2
daughters and a wife
named Shizue. Being a
good scientist takes a
lot of work, and it is not
easy. Kaku studied at
Harvard University.
Later, he went to 2
more universities. After
a lot of work in these
universities, he got a
B.S. degree and a
Ph.D. degree also.
Michio Kaku is a
physicist and a scientist.
He knows a lot about
what he studies and
what he does. But this
scientist does not keep
his research private. He
has appeared in many
popular T.V. shows
and books. He has
explained many
complicated ideas of
science like what
happens in a black
hole. While many of us
or even the scientists
may not know a lot
about the topic, they
still try their best to
explain what they have
found so far. Kaku has
also raised global
awareness of many
important topics such
as nuclear weapons and
global warming.
Michio Kaku
used to read books and
watch T.V. shows
about parallel universes
and time travel. He
wanted to learn more
about these topics, so
he decided to learn
physics. Kaku was
largely inspired by
someone almost
everybody knows of,
and that is Albert
Einstein. Michio
Kaku’s family was
poor, but they still
supported his work in
as many ways possible.
Probably the most
important discovery
that Kaku has made is
that he was the co-
founder of string field
theory, a subset of
string theory. This was
a major idea back in
that time, and this was
because Einstein (his
inspiration) was trying
to find out a theory of
everything. String
theory combines two
theories by assuming
there are multiple
universes and
dimensions.
This was very
helpful, and
Kaku was a part
of it.
As you
can see, Kaku
has done much
to improve science. He
was the co-founder of
string theory, which was
very important. Also,
he has improved
science by expanding to
the outside world. He
has allowed everybody
to see what he did and
he is not making
science just for scientist.
He does not want to
cover his findings up,
instead he wants
everybody to learn
about all they want to
know. So the next time
you want to find out
more about a physics
topic, you know who to
go to.
________________________
Bio.com. A&E
Networks Television,
n.d. Web. 20 Jan.
2015.
Philo Farnsworth and his TV
THE BIG SCREEN By: Dawn Carter
Could you imagine life
without TV? Because
the TV might not have
been invented if it
weren’t for Philo
Farnsworth. He
invented the first
fully electronic TV.
If we did have the
TV we definitely
wouldn’t be as far
in TV technology as
we are now.
Philo
Farnsworth
became interested
in technology
when he was 6. He
was talking to his aunt
on a telephone and
was amazed by how
well he could hear her.
So he decided he
wanted to become an
inventor. When he was
12 he built an electric
motor and a washing
machine. (His family
had never owned a
washing machine until
then.) In high school
he changed his
family’s home
appliances to electric
power. In high school
Farnsworth also won a
national contest with
his original invention,
a tamper proof lock.
Philo
Farnsworth went to
school at Brigham
Young University He
focused on science
math and technology.
When his dad died in
1922. He dropped out
of college to
support his
family.
Finally, in
1927, at age
21 he sent his
first image
through a TV.
That first
image was
surprisingly a
line. The TV
looked almost
exactly like a
sketch he had drawn
in a high school
chemistry class at
Rigby high school.
Sadly Farnsworth
rejected his first offer
from RCA to purchase
the rights of his TV and
moved to Philadelphia
to open his company
called Philco.
Starting in the
late 1920s
Farnsworth’s life went
downhill. He fought
legal charges. People
thought he was
copying Vladimir
Zworykin idea for the
TV. Philo proved he
wasn’t copying by
showing a picture that
he had sketched of the
TV, in high school.
After he delt
with Vladimir
Zworykin. He kept
trying to invent more
things. Something he
invented was a
machine to sterilize
milk using radio
waves. After he
accepted the deal
from RCA, he sold his
company. He
continued his studies
at Brigham Young
University, and started
to run a fusion lab. The
following year he
moved his lab to Salt
Lake City.
His company
didn’t last long. By
1970 he was in serious
debt. He had been
battling depression for
decades, and turned to
alcohol in his last years
of life. He got
pneumonia and died
on March 11, 1971 in
Salt Lake City, Utah.
After he died,
his wife, Pem
Farnsworth tried to
make known of the
inventions he made.
Because of his wife
Farnsworth has been
inducted into the San
Francisco Hall of Fame
and a statue of him
stands at the
Letterman Digital Arts
Center.
Ouch, my head! By: Marcus Sanchez
Gravity, if you ask
someone “what is gravity?”
they will tell you “it is what
holds us to the ground” but if
newton was you ask them “who
found out how it works” they
might not know. The person who
found out how gravity works
was Sir Isaac Newton.
Sir Isaac WAS
born on 1-4-
1643 in United
Kingdom. And he
also died in
United Kingdom
on
3-31-1727 so he
lived for 83
years. He was
buried in the
United Kingdom,
where he was
born and where
he died. When he
was nine years
old he carved the sundial on a
wall in his house. One of his
famous quotes is “i do not know
what I may appear to the
world, but to myself I seem to
have been only like a boy
playing on the seashore, and
diverting myself in now and
then finding a smoother pebble
or prettier shell than
ordinary, whistle the great
ocean of truth lay all
undiscovered before me” and
he built his first
telescope on 1668. And
developed a theory of
colors based on the
observation that a
closed shape
decomposes white light
into the many colors of
the rainbow. newton’s
real father died three
months before he was
born. so newton’s
mother, name Hannah
Ayscough, remarried
and he was raised by his
grandmother. His real
father’s name was also
Isaac, and he was a farmer.
Newton had a stepbrother and
his name was Benjamin. When
Newton was young his main
This is Sir Isaac Newton he is best
known for how gravity really
works.
If you
can’t
afford
the Xbox
360, get
the Xbox
180! They
look
worse
and get
dirty
easier
with its
white
color.
interest was optics. And when
he grew he wrote a book about
optics. sir isaac newton’s field
of studies are mathematics,
physics, astronomy, theology,
alchemy, and natural
philosophy. And Sir Isaac
Newton published seven books
before he died. and One of them
was called “a historical
Account of Two Notable
corruptions of scripture” he
published that book on 1754.
And another one was called
“method of fluxions” he
published this one on 1736. The
third one was called “the
Chronology of Ancient
kingdoms” and he published this
one on 1728. The fourth one
was called “de mundi
systemate” he published that
one on 1728. The fifth one was
called “arithmetica
universalis” and he published
this one on 1707. The sixth one
was called “optics” he
published that one on 1704. The
last book Sir Isaac Newton
wrote was called
“philosophiae naturalist
principia mathematica” and he
published his last book on
1687. And On 1665 Sir Isaac
Newton was rewarded the
Bachelor of Arts (B.A). And on
1668 he was rewarded the
Master of Arts (M.A). And Sir
Isaac Newton was best known
for explaining how gravity
works. The college Sir Isaac
Newton went to was called
Trinity College. But he did not
do well in college, and his
mother did not want to pay for
it because he did not do well in
college. And Sir Isaac Newton
kept a writing journal to
express his ideas on paper. SIR
Isaac Newton is widely
recognized as one of the
greatest scientists of all time
Even though he lived with his
grandmother because his
mother remarried after his
father’s death.
“That’s one small step for
man, one giant leap for
mankind.”
The crew that “Apollo 11” carried to
the moon.
To The Moon and Back By: Jess Bahr
It was August 5th, 1930 in Wapakoneta Ohio, and a very important event was about to happen. A hero was about to be born. This heroes name was Neil, Neil Armstrong, about to become the oldest out of three. Neil also grew up in Wapakoneta, Ohio where his dad took him to an air show at a young age and his passion and love for flying started. When he was 15 Neil got his pilot’s license. He even got his pilot’s license before he got his driver’s license.
Neil served in the Korean War then went off to college. Neil went to Purdue
University in Southern California. When he went off to college he earned two college degrees. He received a Bachelor’s Degree and his Aerospace Engineering Degree. Neil graduated with these two degrees and also graduated with a Masters in Aeronautical Engineering. After college Neil and his wife had three children. From there he started training to become an astronaut at an organization called N.A.S.A in 1962. At first he was just a test pilot he flew over 200 different types of aircraft during his carrier. After that he had to go through a series of harsh tests. He then became command pilot for his first mission Gemini 8 in 1966. Neil got so many awards throughout his career; the Presidential
Medal of Freedom, Collier Trophy and Congressional Space to name a few. Before Neil’s big mission “Apollo 11” he also had another mission “Gemini 8”. On this mission there were two crewmembers, Neil Armstrong and David Scott. This mission took them 10 hours, 41 minutes, and 26 seconds. All things went well on this mission and both David and Neil got home safely.
December 23rd, 1968 he got offered the command of the Apollo 11 mission. It was July 16th, 1969 in Cape Kennedy. In the picture below you will see Neil
Armstrong on the left, Michael Collins in the middle and Buzz Aldrin on the right. There was tension in the air one of the biggest moments in man history was about to be made. Apollo 11 was about to take off from its launch pad, after months and months of preparation. Carrying Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot
Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. It’s time 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5… 4… 3… 2… 1… take off!
8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, and 35 seconds later. “July 21” Apollo 11 or the “Eagle” landed on the moon; the world went silent, six hundred million people watching on their TV’s. Neil Armstrong was about to step off of the Lunar Module and about to become the first man in the universe to walk on the moon. Step by step he went down the stairs. About to step off, about to make history as the first man on the moon ever, he steps off and he says one of most famous quotes in the whole world…“That’s one small step for man, one leap for mankind”
Neil’s footprint on the moon.
After that he put an American flag on the moon, as cheers throughout the country spread. The heroes landed in the Pacific Ocean safely. Still today, stand Neil Armstrong’s footprints on the moon. Edwin “buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins are also a big part of this mission. Buzz was the second man to ever step on the moon while Michael stayed in the lunar module. Before the Apollo 11 mission both Buzz and Michael had at least one other mission. Buzz had Gemini 12 [1966] and Michael had Gemini 10 [1966].
After Apollo 11 Neil became a professor at the University of Cincinnati teaching Aerospace Engineering. Neil Armstrong “a great man” unfortunately passed away August 25th, 2012 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 82 years old.
By Lucian Stevens
Ever been to Paris, France
and wondered who built the
Eiffel tower? It was built in
January 28, 1887 by Gustave
Eiffel. Did you know that
Gustave Eiffel is nicknamed the
“magician of Iron”? Eiffel went
to college at Sainte-Barbe. Now
that you’ve gotten enough basic
information, let’s dive in to the
life of Gustave Eiffel and his
most famous creation, the Eiffel
Tower!
Gustave Eiffel’s full name
is Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel.
Eiffel was born on December,
15, 1832 at Dijon, France. He
had two uncles (Jean-Baptiste
Mollerat and Michel Perret) who
taught him things from
chemistry to religion. He had
brothers and sisters, his uncle
and his dad and mom.
After his graduation, Eiffel
specialized in metal
construction. He was especially
specialized in bridges. He used
mathematics for the next few
decades to build stronger and
lighter structures. One of Eiffel’s
first projects was in 1858, when
he was overseeing the building
of an iron bridge at Bordeaux.
Then in 1866, Eiffel started his
own establishment. As Eiffel’s
career advanced, he moved
away from bridgework. For
example, in 1879 he created a
ceiling for the astronomical
observatory in Nice, France.
During the same year, the initial
interior engineer of the Statue of
Liberty died, and Eiffel was
employed as the new engineer.
Eiffel created a whole new
support system for the statue
that would not rely on the
weight to support the copper
skin, but the skeletal structure
instead to support the structure.
He made the steel
framework on the Statue of
Liberty before it was sent to
New York. He also designed
numerous other structures such
as the Garabit viaduct, Eiffel
Bridge, the Saigon Central Post
Office. The Eiffel Tower was
built for the International
Exhibition of Paris in 1889 to
commemorate the 100th
anniversary of the French
Revolution. The final design
required over 18,000 pieces of
puddle iron (wrought iron), 2.5
million rivets, and a couple
hundred workers who spent two
years building the framework to
the tower.
The Eiffel Tower’s
construction was completed in
1889. It had cost 1.5 million in
U.S dollars back then with Eiffel
and the French state paying
most of it. In today’s dollars that
would mean about 36 million
dollars! After a year of the tower
being open to the public, Eiffel
became a rich man in result. It
stood at 1,000 feet. After its
construction, many people
viewed this structure with
skepticism. The tower was
originally planned to be a
temporary exhibit. Then in 1909,
the tower was almost scrapped
and torn down.
Then in 1957, a antenna
was added and this added
another 63 feet to this nearly
thousand foot tower! The tower
is still standing today thanks to
the design that Eiffel designed.
Open sides in the Eiffel Tower
allows the wind to pass
throughout the building which
sways only around six to seven
centimeters!
While we remember Eiffel
mainly for his creation of the
Eiffel Tower, it is very important
to remember the man himself
who built the Tower. Eiffel once
said “I ought to be jealous of the
tower. It is more famous than I
am.” –Gustave Eiffel
The Eiffel Tower
"Discovery Education." Discovery
Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan.
2015.
Free
vacation
to
space!
This is a picture of Alexander Fleming trying to
find a cure for bacterial infection like penicillin.
Zoom
By: Gary Scott
Alexander Fleming was born on
August 6, 1881 in a remote rural
place in a part of Scotland. The
Fleming family spent most of their
time out side exploring the Stream
and valleys around them. “We
unconsciously learned a great deal
from nature,”
Said
Alexander
Fleming. Then
Alexander’s
father died
when he was
only seven
years old, and
his oldest
brother took
the farm.
Later his other
brother Tom
had gone to
study medicine and was starting a
practice in London. A little later four
Fleming brothers and one sister were
living together He had to wait 4 years
in a shipping office waiting to go to St.
Mary’s. . Ale, as he was called, moved
to London when he was 14 years old.
Travel to The 1900 came around and
the Boer War broke out between the
United Kingdom and its colonies in
southern Africa. Alec along with two of
his brothers joined the Scottish
regiment. He hoped that he would be
able to fight for his county. They
practiced their shooting, swimming,
and other events that will prepare
them to travel to Transvaal. Later
there Uncle died and left them each
250 pound. Tom’s medical repetition
was now thriving and he inspired Alec
to put his legacy
toward the
investigation of
medicine. Fleming
also was interested
with natural
bacteria and the
blood in
antiseptics. .With
the 250 pounds he
got from his uncle
Alec took to mind
that he could start
his career.
Fleming took
the highest score in the qualifying
examination, and had his choice of
medical school. Alec lived by three
different schools, he picked ST.
Mary’s. In 1905 he started to
specialize in becoming a surgeon for
the most random reason. His switch to
bacteriology was even more surprising
and if he was going to become a
surgeon he would have to leave ST.
Mary’s. The leader of ST. Mary’s rife
club and knew he was a good shot and
tried everything he could to keep Alec
at ST. Mary’s. With all his hard work he
was able to convince Alec to stay for
the rest of his career.
Fleming was one of the doctors
to treat patients with syphilis. He used
new and difficult techniques of
injection. He was able to treat so
many patients that he got the nick
name “private 606.” When World War
1 broke out, the staff left to go to
France to set up a battlefield hospital
lab. They encountered so many drastic
infections that soldiers quickly died
from them. Yet they were still very
simple infections. Fleming felt like
there was something like the
salvarsan that could help find a
solution to fighting microbe infections.
During the course of the war it was
soon overshadowed.
In the labs in 1920, Fleming
researched for an effective antiseptic
and he found that lysozyme, an
enzyme occurring in many blood fluids
that is in tears. It had a strong natural
antibacterial effect on the agents.
Usually Fleming had some much going
on in his lab that it was often jumble.
This disorder proved very fortunate. In
1928 Fleming wash starting some
dished and would examine each one
before putting it in the dry station. But
on mad him stop and say “That’s
funny.” Mold was growing on one of
the dishes and around the mold was
staph bacteria had been kill. He made
sure to take a sample of the mold to
examine it. Later on he found out that
penicillium family, then specified as
Pencillium Notatum. Fleming
presented this to the British journal of
Experiment Pathology. When world
war 11 came out this came back to
their attention and Alexander Fleming
won the Noble Prize in 1945 for his
findings. Alexander Fleming died on
March 11, 1955 in London, United
Kingdom. His findings have saved
many lives and without his invention a
lot of people would have died from
vary simple infections. He also wrote
several pages of bacteriology,
chemotherapy, including the original
description of lysosome.
NOT JUST AN
ORDINARY
HOLE By: Mason White
Stephen Hawking is the
worlds must famous Scientist
of this century. He is famous
for giving Black Holes a
theory. Stephen should have
died earlier in his life, but he
didn’t. Since he hasn’t died
yet, he still lives with ALS,
or, Lou Gehrig’s disease, but
it really means, Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. Stephen
Hawking likes to study the
Cosmos more than anything
else in the world to study. He
is the world’s smartest man
alive, well CURENTLY alive
as of now.
He is an excellent scientist.
Now, let’s end this, and move
on to his child life, and
current life so we learn more
about him.
Born in Oxford, England,
January 8, 1942, during
Galileo’s 300th death
anniversary, and while
Germany bombs England,
Stephen Hawking was born.
Stephen Hawking wrote two
famous books, they are
“George and the
Unbreakable Code,” and
“Stephen Hawking: My Brief
History.” He also is a
Lucasian
Professor of
Mathematics at
Cambridge
University.
He still studies
Space today, and
he still dreams of
going to space,
even now! Now, let’s go back
to his childhood. Stephens’s
family is a family of thinkers,
he is oldest of four other
siblings he has. Stephen
Hawking’s mom is Scottish,
and she somehow earned her
way into Oxford University
and studied Philosophy, and
his dad, Frank Hawking,
studied Medicine. His dad
went
To the tropics to study
tropical medicine for a while,
well, because Frank was an
expert in Tropical diseases.
Stephen Hawking’s birth
came at a bad time for his
parents, because Germany
was bombing London, at
that’s where Stephen’s
parents lived, but in a rural
area where the bombings
were taking place. His
parents were also too poor to
go to a hospital, so they
moved to Oxford to have
Stephen. Then, a few years
after Stephen was born, they
had two other children, Mary
& Philippa Hawking. Then,
in 1956, they adopted a
second son, his name was Edward. The Hawking’s
called themselves, an
“Eccentric” bunch.
When they eat
dinner, they
usually never
talk when
they ate. They
sometime all read books at
some times. They lived in a
three-story home in St.
Albans, England that needed
to be fixed, but, never got
fixed. They housed Bee’s in
their basement, and made
Fireworks in their
greenhouse. Stephens’s father
went to Africa during the
months of winter to do
research. Frank wanted
Stephen to study medicine at
an early age, but Stephen
wanted to study the sky &
space more than anything.
Stephen was not an
exceptional student at St.
Albans School, & he had
only a few close friends. As
he entered his teen years,
Stephen and his friends made
a computer out of recycled
parts to build a machine that
can solve hard and easy
equations. Stephen
traveled a lot with his sister
Mary, who really loved to
climb. When Stephen turned
17, he went to Oxford
University, and he still
traveled, he also really liked
to dance.
As you can see, a Black
Hole can devour a Sun,
that’s how powerful
they are!
As you can see, a Black
Hole can devour a Sun!
Now, as we close, Stephen
won many awards, one is the
“Albert Einstein Medal.”
Stephen won as many as 14
awards. As Stephen Hawking
still slowly dies of ALS, He
still studies the cosmos,
including his famous
discovery of his Black
Theory. At first, Stephen
Hawking said that Black
Holes don’t exist, but later he
had a theory, and he called it,
“Information Preservation
and Weather Forecasting for
Black Holes.” He published
this on January 22, 2013. His
new theory was astonishing,
but didn’t really convince
much scientists. But, as time
goes by, more
scientists are
being
convinced.
Once a Black Hole has had enough,
“FOOD,” it shoots out Gamma
Bursts, which is a burst of Gamma
Radiation from whatever it has
eaten.
If Earth were orbiting a Black Hole, it would be
destroyed…INSTANTLY! Depending on the size of Earth
and/or the Black Hole.
Father of Microbiology By: ellie Goodling
He is a Microscopic, Dutch tradesman, and biologist. He hand crafted the first microscope. This man is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek “The Father of Microbiology”. You may not know much about him but now you will know almost everything about him. Antonie claimed he say tiny things swimming. Do you really think he did? Well he really did he say bacteria and protozoa.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was
the Fifth child in his family but the first son. He was born on October, 24, 1634 and died on August, 26, 1723 (both in the Delft, Dutch Republic). His father was a basket maker and his mom came from a brewer family and married a painter when Antonie’s dad died. When he was eight he was sent to grammar school. Antonie worked as a draper and founded his own shop in 1654.
Antonie discovered the
first single celled organism. Here is a quote from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek “ Whenever I found out anything remarkable I have
thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed there of”. He said this because he wanted
People to be able to see\find
out what he did. He wrote down every observation so that everyone could see it. He was self-taught and never got any formal degrees but got named “The Father of Microbiology”. He stacked two magnifying glasses on top of each other to observe the quality of the cotton for his draping business. This is how he got the idea of making the first microscope.
It was his passion to
discover microscopic objects. He would grind lenses together to get a better look at what he was looking at when he would use his magnifying glasses. Leeuwenhoek would use samples of his own to look at things. For example he would swab blood, the inside of his mouth and his nose and any other substance from his body. Here is another one of his quotes of what he would use for his samples “in all falling rain, carried from gutters into water-butts, animalcules are to be found; and that in all kinds of water, standing in the
Go to Joe’s Movie Theater and
spend $50 on your movie ticket
and 1 mini popcorn!
open air, animalcules can turn up. For these animalcules can be carried over by the wind, along with the bits of dust floating in the air”. This was his process for getting samples\ finding samples.
Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek learned many different ways to look at microscopic
organisms\things without a microscope. These tiny animalcules that he found and discovered made him famous and inhabited by and for the human body. Antonie is the whole reason that we can look at microscopic organisms and discover new things every day. “The Father of Microbiology” is the most amazing, famous, and inspiring biologist, Dutch tradesman, and microscopic there is.
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek would
write down every observation he
found.
Antoine’s first microscopes
(top) and his first microscope
design (bottom).
From Still to Motion By Jackson Taurus
Watching TV can be so entertaining.
Have you ever wondered how
television became what it is now?
Many inventors where well known
for shooting moving picture. One
person who was unknown till later in
the years was a French pioneer who
was truly the first one to make
moving pictures on paper film using a
single lens camera. He has been given
the title as the "Father of
Cinematography," since 1930. Later
in his years, He was never able to
perform a planned public
demonstration in the United States
because he mysteriously vanished
after he had boarded the train from
Dijon to Paris. No one knows how he
vanished; all
that has
been heard
are rumors.
His name is
Louis Aime
Augustin Le
Prince.
Child to Adulthood
Louis Le Prince was born in Metz,
France on Saint-Georges street on
August 28, 1841.His father was a
major in artillery in the French Army
and an officer of the Legion of
honour. It’s a French order
established by Napoleon Bonaparte
on May 19th, 1802. As a child he grew
up spending time in the studio of his
father's friend. There he was taught
by a pioneer photographer who had
developed the daguerreotype
process of photography. His name
was Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre.
He had taught Prince when he was
younger chemistry, engineering, and
photography. His education went on
to include the study of painting in
Paris and graduate chemistry at
Leipzig University which provided him
with the academic knowledge he
needed to continue his career.
In 1866 Prince moved from France
to England when he was invited by a
college friend. 3 years later, he had
married his friend’s sister who was a
very talented artist. Together they
Louis Aime Augustin
Le Prince
had made a school called the “Leeds
Technical School of Art. “ Later they
moved to the US for some years
while Prince managed a group of
Frenchmen. Talk about travelers. Also
in the US, he began to build his
sixteen lens camera while
experimenting with film stocks.
Disappearance
On September 16, 1890 Prince had
disappeared. He had promised to see
his friends and family in Paris but
sadly did not make it to Paris.
Theories were said that he mostly
killed himself. No one knew until
1890 when a drowning victim
seemed to resemble him. Soon his
work was forgotten, others took
credit both in the US and in France.
Bill Gates or Bill Greats? By: Hugh Jass
The technology and computer
wizard. The man who started in a small
room but little did he know his business
would bloom in productivity and gain
about sixteen billion dollars a year. The
amazing life of bill gates will start now!
From making square shaped computers in
about 1975 to making hand held touch
screen phones in 2014. Gates was born in
Seattle, Washington. To an upper-middle-
class family, the son of William H. Gates,
Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. By thirteen,
gates had decided that he would like to
work on technology. Bill gates was the
name he went by but surprisingly his full
name is actually William Henry Gates III.
Gates was a man of education besides the
fact that he had only attended college in
Harvard for two years. After gates had
finished college in sophomore year by
dropping out he had actually started
Microsoft in a Poker Room at Currier
House at Harvard University. Bill Gates
had launched Microsoft’s first version of
Microsoft Windows on November 20,
1985, and in August, the company struck a
deal with IBM to develop a separate
operating system called OS/2. After all
this trouble and success Allen and Gates
had come through it finally had paid off.
Little did gates and Allen know was of the
year January 2015 net worth was 81.1
billion dollars. To this day Gates is very
wealthy. But the 81.1 billion doesn’t
mean he owns that much out of his
pocket. In personal fortune he actually
has approximately a fortune of 76
billion dollars to his name! Most
people actually admire Gates just
because he is a self-made billionaire!
If Bill gates was a country he would be
the 63rd richest.
Bill gates had aimed to be a millionaire
by the age of thirty but became a
billionaire by the age of thirty one.
Gates SAT score was 1590 out of 1600.
That calculates to an IQ of 170
Bill gates pays about one million dollars
a year on his house.
In all bill gates is a great man of
mind and of heart as he is a self-
made millionaire and he actually
has donated about twenty eight
billion dollars to charity. He
started from rags to riches with
an upper middle class family
born to a lawyer and a mom
who was on a board of directors.
He started his life off like this
and now ended up being the
richest man alive. He was a man
of his word he would always
brag to teachers and everyone
else on how he would be a
millionaire by the age of 30 but
surprisingly enough he became
one by 30 and by 31 a
billionaire. He was a great man
whose dreams couldn’t be
crushed. He is a man that goes
by Bill gate.
Bill gates actually had some
competition surprising right well
that competition is well known
for all their products such as the
iPhone, iPad, iPod. They were
rivals from the time of Rivals
(1983 to 1996). They were
fighting to be the top of the
technology business and apple
kept failing to the superior
Microsoft. From (1997 to 2002)
they had actually agreed on a
truce.
Bill Gates had been through
many struggles and fought
through them. He kept fighting
until he become top of the
technology business most say
this is true but some people
believe that apple had better
products but in the end it
matters how much money they
made so they could know if
people were to pay more for
apple or Microsoft. Microsoft of
course won by like a mile as
they had gained 81.1 billion
dollars US. Apple has around
36.6 billion dollars it is still way
more than anyone has but really
I mean there was and is an
obvious winner in the race to
the top of the technology race.
Bill gates had done many things
and he is a great man we will
always remember gates and the
great things that he had done.
Bill gates came to this world
revolutionizing technology and
that’s how he will leave. Bill
Gates or Bill greats.
Bill gates and Steve jobs at an everything digital
conference.
Ever think we were related to
monkeys. Scientists at the time were
wondering if the creationism was real. If
that was true, why did some creatures
go extinct? Why did some creatures not
flourish and other species of our planet
did? This made people wonder if this
evolution was really true. The theory of
evolution has been around for a long
time. Some people were angry at the
time. They believed that people were
silly if they believed in this theory of
evolution. Or maybe they were just
angry at the fact that there was a new
evolution. To change the peoples mind
he wrote a book about this theory “The
Origin of our Species.
Darwin noticed that some species
had the same traits. He believed that
they had shown up by ancestors over
many years. Darwin called this process;
“Natural Selection “. This is where
adapted species thrived, while others
failed to reproduce, and they all died off.
Darwin has been described as one of
the most influential people in the world
of science.
Charles Darwin was born in
England on February 12, 1809. He was
the youngest of 6 children. I could
imagine how hard for the dad to take
care of those 6 children. Darwin’s
mother died when he was only at the
age of eight. From September 1818, he
joined his brother Erasmus in his
studies. His brother became tired with
curriculum, so he took a growing interest
in chemistry. Charles was his assistant.
At the end of medical study, he left
Charles behind to enroll in London
Anatomy School. His father got a job in
the medical field to help support his six
children. Charles wanted to follow in his
brothers footsteps, so when he went to
the school of Edinburgh in October of
1825, and he got his degree in fines
arts, after he got his degree Darwin
spent that summer of 1825 as an
apprentice doctor.
The Naturalist By Meredith smith
by
On his return to England in 1836,
Darwin tried to solve riddles of all his
observations that he had seen, and
encountered. He was trying to see how
all of the species evolved. The animals
or plants did best in their habitat in their
“natural Selection. They were able to
survive, and reproduce. Characteristics
really helped all of their offspring’s
survive. Darwin noticed that gradually
the species changed over time.
At the school that he attended,
he was very interested in studying
medicine, Biology and natural history.
After attending school, he was awarded
with three medals that he achieved.
Medals. The royal medal, the Copley
medal, and the Wellston medal. Charles
Darwin died in 1882, in London,
England. He was buried in west Minster
abbey. He wasn’t alive long enough to
get a Nobel Prize. He died 10 years
before the Nobel Prize had been
developed.
The theory of evolution has been
around for a long time. Studies of DNA
still show the study over the next
century. Even though there is still a big
conflict from the religious point of view, I
think that he was a hard worker and an
amazing scientist. People might still be
angry about the evolution, or about all of
his interests, but all I can say is that he
really transformed the way we think
about our world today. He stood up for
what he believed in, and his discoveries.
Like he said, “A man who dares to
spend one hour of a time has not
discovered the true value of life.”
Rachel Louise Carson (1907-1964)
By: Hannabella Smilan
It is the year 1962 and we see a plane fly
overhead. It is spraying something. Then we
remember what it is. Earlier, the government
told a couple who breeds songbirds that they
were going to give a harmless shower around
the area. So we all went home. The next
morning we find several of the songbirds dead.
Immediately the government knew that their
“harmless shower” was poisonous and deadly.
They needed to tell everyone, and fast. So they
get a best-selling author to help. She also
LOVES biology. Who else fits that description
but Rachel Louise Carson!!!
Rachel Louise Carson was
born on May 27, 1907 in
Springdale, Pennsylvania.
Rachel was a very quiet girl.
But she would willingly
listen hours and hours to
her mom when she talked
about biography. Rachel got
the love for biography and
nature from her mother.
She also got the love for
writing from her mom. And
at the age of 10, she got her
first article published.
In high school Rachel was
very smart. She impressed all of the teachers.
For collage, Rachel went to the Pennsylvania
Collage for Women in Pittsburg. She studied
English but then changed her major to Biology
after she “rediscovered” her love for science.
Then after earning her undergraduate degree
she went to Johns Hopkins University. There
she earned her master degree. Then she
completed her postgraduate studies at a
laboratory in Massachusetts. It was called the
Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory.
In 1936 Rachel was a biologist at the US
Bureau of Fisheries. Later she published an
essay Atlantic Monthly. That led her to write
her to write her 1st book called “Under the Sea
Wind”. Soon she was editor Fish and Wildlife
Service. She honored her writing skills during
this time. She focused on wildlife and wrote the
book “The Sea Around Us”. She was
instantly famous. She was at the top of
the best sellers list for 36 weeks. Her
book was also translated into 30
different languages so people from
other places can read her book. For
the book, Rachel received 3 awards.
They were the National Book Award,
the Gold Medal of the New York
Zoological Society, and the John
Burroughs Medal. Then Rachel Left
the government to be an author and a
researcher.
Robert Warden Carson and Maria
Frazier Carson where her mom and
dad. She had one sister. Her sister’s name was
Marian Frazier Frampton. In 1935 her dad
dies. In 1937 her sister dies of pneumonia. She
leaves her two daughters in the care of Rachel
Poisoned Reading
and her mother. Her daughters’ names are
Virginia and Marjorie. In 1957, her mom dies.
Rachel dies of breast cancer from a pesticide on
April 14, 1964 in Silver Spring, Maryland.
Rachel had done many great things in her life.
Her greatest accomplishment is the finish of
the book “Silent Spring”. In 1962 when a
pesticide, which could kill people, was released,
they needed a way to tell the public. So they
asked Rachel to help them tell everyone. So she
wrote Silent Spring as a warning to everyone
about the pesticide.
Rachel
Carson is a
very
important
scientist. She wrote many bestselling books in
her life. They were all about biology, as she
loved it so much. And she had warned everyone
of danger. She is a very great historic figure and
I am positive that the people whose lives she
had saved think so too. They must be very
grateful to her. She wouldn’t have been
forgotten there, but she certainly isn’t forgotten
here.
Books by: Rachel Carson
Fair Skin in just 1 week!
Beauty
Queen
!
Just a vehicle By Jose Gonzales
You might think that your car is just a car but it helps you go places also is a
master piece of engineering and mathematics it took many years of mechanical
engineer’s to help create to what you use constantly, but now a days they have
made more advanced car in 2015, 2015 is a great year’s of enhancement but yet
they are still making more faster, smarter cars then the past few years.
Now Henry Ford was a young boy on a farm but now famous and rich and he is a
good engineer and he built the first gas engineered car, many kinds of vehicle as
he grew up to build and fascinate the world and such it all started when he was
quite young his parents died, but he was adopted by his neighbors, as he grew
up with his adopted parents he had
sibling their names were Margaret,
William, Jr Jane, Robert Ford. Henry
fixed watches but his father wanted
him to take care of the farm he
owned, but instead took off on
engineering as Henry ford started to
make auto machines in 1896 he built
his first auto machine he called it
the “Quad cycle” his first successful
auto.
Henry Ford was also in the business
institute in 1899 Detroit automotive
company is founded, as henry was engineering in 1903, Ford company is
formed; the first ford auto is sold, the associate of licensed automobile
manufacturers sues ford motorcompany for infringement of the seldenl patent.
As Henry Ford was engineering more vehicle or automobiles in 1908 the
introduction of the model T.
As Henry ford was a hard working person he achieved so much since 1908 he
has been helping create more and more different kinds of cars, his field of study
was really complex he grew up in greenfield, township Michigan born on july,30
1863 he was in the business institute, engineering, and he self-taught himself
with some books that he had at his home, he earned rewards such as “The
Franklin institute Elliott crissum medal” in 1928 also the cross of the German
eagle. He married his wife Clara Ala Bryant sadly she died of cancer in May,
1943 he had kids Edsel Ford.
As henry ford grew older and older, he had a great company but sadly he died of
cerebral hemorrhage this disease killed him on April, 7 1947. Ford used to me a
small company but today he has car dealers around the world he has modified
he has created to cars and trucks he has changed the world with his cars.
Henry ford was a great engineer he thought of changing the worlds in his own
mind, Henry Ford achieved his goal he was a famous and such and such. One of
Henry Ford quotes was when he talks about teamwork.
In my own opinion is the Henry Fords childhood is a little sad because his
parents died, and adopted by neighbors but, he grew up to be a nice engineer
but he had some problems also some of his business company didn’t work in the
1903 before his company in Detroit failed because of not able to ship working
cars the other failed company was for failing with dealership until he grew into
Ford motor company his company has grown threw out the years.
Splat!! By: Mark Robertson
This person he good at painting,
engineer, and inventor. His last
drawing was The Last Super, he was
drawing that before he die in
Amboise, France. He also drew a
picture of Mona Lisa and all of his
sketch are in his notebook. Most of
the people think that he only an
artist, but he also a scientist. He
inventing an armored tank,
ornithopter, and arial screw.
Childhood history: Leonardo da Vinci
spent a great deal of his childhood
outside of his house. He was raise by
his father and his step mother. He
sketching in his notebook when he
outside observing nature. He spent
his days with his uncle Francesco,
tending to animals and exploring
farmland, observing the nature and
landscapes that he would later
sketching and study because he was
not expected to become a notary, he
was free to pursue drawing.
Leonardo father was busy in the
nearby city of Florence and his
mother have married to a men name
Acattabriga. Leonardo was live with
his Uncle Francesco work at farmer.
When he was fifteen, his father
apprenticed him to Andrea de
Verrocchio, the leading artist of
Florence and early renaissance.
Family facts: Leonardo da Vinci was
born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy
and death on May 2, 1519, Amboise,
France. His father name is Ser Piero
da Vinci and his mother name is
Caterina. Leonardo’s status as an
illegitimate child because his father
and mother weren’t married, but
with the other their have the total of
17 other children. His father is very
busy with the city of Florence and his
mother was married to the other so
they can’t raise him. He was leave
with his uncle Francesco, who had an
appreciation for nature that
Leonardo grew to share with, and
also help raising him.
Education: Leonardo da Vinci science
is impressive as his art. His famous
drawing is “The Last Super” and the
“Mona Lisa.” He is known as an artist,
engineer, and inventor. He sketching
and inventing a lot of stuff in his note
book like armored tank, ornithopter,
and arial screw. He even studies
human body like brain, muscle, bone,
and more, then he sketching it in his
note book. He sketching every work
before he invent it. He put a lot of his
time in the painting, engineering, and
inventing, it take him a lot of time to
paint, sketching, and inventing.
Leonardo notebook hold a lot of his
sketching, painting, and study in
there. He drawing a Mona Lisa at his
studio, it take him more than one
week to draw her picture and he
drawing the “the Last Super,” before
he die in Amboise, France at May 2,
1519.
Boom! By: Kevin Smithson
As the flashing red button was
slammed by a hand, a giant fireball rose
into the air above the empty New Mexican
desert. The shockwave hit a moment later,
knocking a row of awed scientists to the
floor. The only words that were heard were
“It work!” The first nuclear bomb was born
into the world. Later on the subject the man
that invented the bomb said “I am become
death, the destroyer of world.”
4 years earlier in Washington DC,
President Franklin Roosevelt approved a
project to create the world’s first atomic
bomb. In May of 1942, Oppenhiemer’s
lecturer at Harvard University on theoretical
physics invited him to work for the
government on the project that was
approved a year earlier. In June 1942 the US
Army established the Manhattan Engineer
District to house the full development of
the project as the US entered World War 2.
Commander Groves was appointed head of
the project, and he appointed J Robert
Oppenhiemer as the head of the team
building the bomb. They needed a location
that was hidden enough to not be noticed,
and not surrounded by civilization. But it
also needed to have a steady supply of
water and a place that would be flat for
testing the bomb. They soon found a
location in New Mexico. It was a boy’s
dormitory that was located in the middle of
a desert, but it also had access to a well.
The US Army swore the owner to secrecy
and essentially booted them out. Because
the camp was supposed to be a military
laboratory, the scientists needed to be
trained through basic army training. Most
of the scientists, including Oppenhiemer
himself failed the test. They eventually
made a compromise, which was that the lab
would be operated by the University of
California under a contract with the War
Department. They quickly decided
plutonium would be the best element for
the bomb, and they received their first
samples of Plutonium-239 from the X-10
Graphite Reactor in April of 1944. They
quickly realized that the type of reactor-
bred plutonium that they were using was
not usable for a gun-type weapon.
Oppenhiemer quickly changed all work to
an implosion style-weapon instead. The
weapon was worked on for about a year,
and finally on July 16, 1945 the bomb was
tested on the site codenamed “Trinity.”
Julius Robert Oppenhiemer was
born in New York City, USA on April 22,
1904. His father was a wealthy Jewish
textile importer that had moved over from
Germany in 1888. He graduated from
grades 4 and 4 in the same year, and he
skipped half of 8th grade. He was admitted
to Harvard University a year late at age 18
because he became sick with the disease
colitis the year before. He moved through
to the University of California and taught
there, and wandered around working on
theoretical physics and theoretical
astronomy. He worked with many widely
known scientists including Albert Einstein
himself. He was in a lecture at Harvard
University during the May of 1942 when his
lecturer invited him to begin working on
“fast neutron calculations,” which is in
simple words, the physics around the chain
reaction of atoms and neutrons that is what
the theory of an atomic bomb worked
around.
After he had built the bomb and the
first bomb was dropped over Hiroshima in
August 1945, Oppenhiemer began to regret
his decision to build the world’s first atomic
weapon. The FBI began to track his activity
and relationships with Communist Parties
within the US. He was suspected of leaking
evidence to the Communists, but he was
never convicted. However, in the process
his reputation was destroyed completely
during the conviction. He spent a series of
years on a Virgin Island and soon bought a 2
acre plot of land on which he built a home.
He spent much of his final years attempting
to lecture to people about how people
should harness the power and not use it to
blow up the other countries of the world,
and this was part of why he was tried to be
convicted, for he was suspected of trying to
defend the soviets. Soon after he was
diagnosed with Throat Cancer, and he fell
into a coma after unsuccessful radiation
and chemo therapy. He died soon after that
on February 18, 1967 at age 62.
Oppenhiemer has contributed much to this
world, but he also created a monster that
may one day destroy the world. As his
quote says, “I am become death, destroyer
of worlds.” He also said this quote of the
atomic bomb and how it might one day hurt
the world greatly: “The optimist thinks this
is the best of all possible worlds. The
pessimist fears it is true.”
The first atomic bomb was tested at
Trinity Site on July 16, 1945
Curi…ous By: Kim Joyce
Marie Curie was a phenomenal
scientist. She had a lot of issues in her life.
As a child both her mom and her oldest
sister died. Marie persevered through all of
the issues in her life.
She did not let any of
the issues in her life get
in the way of her
success. In result of her
perseverance, she
discovered the chemical
elements polonium and
radium along with her
husband Pierre Curie.
Mary Curie was
born on November 7,
1867 in Warsaw,
Poland. She was born as
Maria Salomea
Sklodowska. Marie was
raised as a patriot. As a
child she was not very wealthy. Living in
Poland in 1867 she was not allowed a lot of
freedom. The Polish government did not
want the Polish people to know anything
about their history, ancestors, or Polish
roots.
When Marie was younger both of her
parents were teachers. Being a family of
patriots, Marie’s parents tried to show
originality. Once Marie was born, her
mother was forced to resign from her job
because she had to take care of five kids.
Marie’s father was very strong in knowledge
and teaching. When he was forced to be in
lower academic posts, the family’s wealth
went down by a large amount.
When Marie was
young, both her sister and her
mother died. Her sister caught
the flu. Her mother died from
a long battle of tuberculosis.
She was left her two sisters
and brother. Before Marie’s
mother had Marie she was the
head teacher of a school and
she taught math and physics.
After Marie’s mother’s
death, her father lost a large
amount of money by making a
bad investment. Despite the
fact that Marie’s father would
never forgive himself, all four
children appreciated him and everything he
did to barely make ends meet. Marie’s father
read Marie and her sibling’s literature and
he also taught mathematics and physics.
As Marie grew older, she noticed her
love for science. She graduated at the age of
fifteen at the top of her class. She also won a
gold medal during high school. As a child
Marie wanted an advanced degree. In
Europe most colleges did not allow women
because that was during the time period that
women were not able to do as much as they
can do during this time period.
Marie went to the Flying University
and the University of France. Marie Curie
got the education to be a physics teacher.
She went to college for a long time studying
scientific topics and
mathematics.
Marie did not have a
lab to practice in. Pierre
Curie offered her a labto
practice in. They both took
interest in science and
radioactivity. They began to
like eachother. Their
romance began. The two of
them were dedicated to
there relationship and
science.
Marie Curie and
Pierre Curie fell in love and
got married. They got
married on July 26, 1895.
Marie and Pierre were parteners in crime. They
did everything together.
On December 21, 1898 Marie and
Pierre Curie discovered radium. Radium is a
rare, radio active, metal. It’s atomic number is
eighty-eight. Radium is part of the alkaline Earth
series. It was a source for radiotherapy a long
time ago.
During the same year Marie and Pierre
Curie also discovered polonium.Plonium is also
a highly radioactive, rare chemical element. This
chinmical element only seen in nature as a
radioactive decay or uranium.
Marie Curie became the first
woman presented a Nobel
Peace Prize. She was
awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded in 1903
along with her husband
Pierre Curie and Henri
Becquerel. She also won
another Nobel Peace Prize
in the same year.
Maire’s husband
died in April 19, 1906. He
was trampled by a horse. As
usua,l Marie Curie did not
let her husbands death get
in her way. She continued in
her scientific studies.
Marie Curie died from Anemia
on July 4, 1934. Anemia is a decrease in
the amount of red blood cells. Mariie
Curie is one of the best female scientist.
We will always remember Marie Curie.
The Early Naturalist
By: Billy Ray
Ever heard of a man that
studied more than four things! His
name is John Ray. He was sixteen
when he was enrolled at Cambridge
University where he studied at the
Trinity College and Catherine Hall.
On the day of January 17 1705 he
died. He was buried in the town he
was born. His place he died in the
village of Black Notley. His field of
study is botany and zoology.
John Ray was a highly influential
English naturalist and botanist who
contributes to taxonomy is
considered groundbreaking and
historic. He declined to take the oath
to the Act of Uniformity after the
Restoration. John Ray also wrote
books. He wrote 74 books. John Ray
was related to Sarah Miller, William
Rhea, Catherine Hamilton, George
miller, Susannah Bird, Archibald
Rhea, Anne, gayen Miller, Margaret
Henderson, Thomas Bird, Sarah
Epsom, Matthew Campbell Rhea.
He was also a writer. He wrote 74
books. So John ray loved writing. He
was also a English naturalists widely
regarded as one of the earliest of the
English person. John ray was an
English naturalist and he was
considered a groundbreaking and
historic in a scientist. John ray was
born in the same year as Robert
Boyle and was born and Francis
bacon died. His first publishes book
was in 1690 on the British plants.
John ray was the youngest son of
the blacksmith. For 6-7 years Joh
ray studied the literature explored
the country side around
Cambridge and grew plants in the
garden bye his door room when he
was in the university on collage.
For the next 10 years of his
lifetime John ray started
focusing on other stuff like
writing books and exploring
new things. In 1673 john ray got
married to Margaret Oakley of
lunation. When John ray found
himself unable to subscribe as
required he went along with 13
other fellows resigned his
fellowship on 24 august 1662
rather than other options.
He lived, in spite of his infirmities to
the age of seventy seven dying at
black notley. John ray was selected
a fellow of trinity college also in
1649. However he lost the position
sadly 13 years later and with full
support of his former student and
fellow naturalist.
Prosperous are the friends
supported him during the
subsequent of 43 years while he also
pursued in his carries as a botanists
and naturalist. Nut that carrier had
already begun with the publication
of his first work in 1669
The Center of the Universe By: Andrea Fox
Everyone thought Earth was the center
of the universe and that all the planets, including
the sun revolved around it. But there was an
astronomer who soon enough proved them all
wrong. Nicolaus Copernicus was also a
mathematician who wrote a book that set out his
views on the universe. Cosmologists in the day
chose not to accept the data based on how the
sun was at the center of the solar system even
though there was proof about it. The Earth based
solar system was the story until the 16th century.
It wasn’t until after his death that he began to be
honored for what he had discovered.
Nicolaus Copernicus was born on
February 19, 1473 in Torun, Poland. He was the
fourth child born to Nicolaus Copernicus Sr. and
Barbara Watzenrode. Both of his mother and
father were born into a merchant family.
Nicolaus Copernicus’s first language was
German, but there are many people who
believed he also spoke a little bit of Polish.
When Nicolaus Copernicus was 10
years old, his father passed away. So his uncle
tried to take care of him like a father would. He
wanted to give him the best possible education
he could have given him.
In 1491, Nicolaus Copernicus got into
the University of Cracow. In this University he
studied painting and mathematics, but he did not
study astronomy at that time. He developed an
interest in astronomy later, and he started
collecting books on it.
After he graduated from the University
in 1497, he went back to Torun and he became a
canon. The canon's position let him pay his
studies for as long as he wanted. But, the job
needed a lot of his schedule; he was only able to
pursue his academic interests occasionally,
during his free time.
In 1496, Copernicus left and traveled to
Italy. There he enrolled in a religious law
program as the University of Bologna. There, he
met an astronomer named Domenico Maria
Novara. The two began exchanging
astronomical ideas and observations. The
historian Edward Rosen described the
relationship as, "In establishing close contact
with Novara, Copernicus met, and perhaps for
the first time in his life, a mind that dared to
challenge the authority of the ancient writer in
his chosen fields of study." The friends were so
excited in their exchange that they decided to
become roommates. In 1510, Copernicus moved
to a residence in the Frombork Cathedral
Chapter in hopes of clearing more time to study
astronomy. He would live there as a canon for a
really long time.
The Center of the Universe By: Andrea Fox
Earth Based Solar Systems
By 1508, Copernicus had begun
developing his own model, a planetary system.
Someone had previously invented a planetary
model, which had an idea that the planets moved
in a circular movement at different speeds
around a fixed point, the earth. In trying to
change how people thought about the solar
system, Copernicus's heliocentric solar system
said that the sun, instead of the earth was at the
center. Afterward, Copernicus believed that the
size of each planet's orbit depended on its
distance from the sun. But, Copernicus was not
the first astronomer to think of that theory. But,
Ptolemy's theories were way more accepted by
the Roman Catholic Church, which supported
the earth-based solar system theory.
In 1514, Copernicus gave a handwritten
book to his friends that showed his view on the
universe. In it he talked about how the Sun was
at the center of the Solar system and not the
Earth. He even talked about how seasons were
caused by Earth’s revolutions around the sun.
Nicolaus Copernicus died on May 24,
1543 in Frombork, Poland. But it wasn’t until he
died that his book was published. In it was his
model of the solar system and the path of the
planets.
Copernicus helped us know that the sun
was at the center and not the Earth, which the
church accepted for a really long time. But he
wrote that the planets went in perfect circles,
which helped other astronomers who used his
work, make many more discoveries.
Bibliography:
-Nicolaus Copernicus. (2015). The Biography.com
website. Retrieved 08:14, Jan 15, 2015, from
http://www.biography.com/people/nicolaus-
copernicus-9256984.
-Redd, Nola Taylor. "Nicolaus Copernicus Biography:
Facts and Discoveries | Space.com." Space.com.
N.p., 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2015.
http://www.space.com/15684-nicolaus-
copernicus.html
Go to Joe’s Movie Theater and
spend $50 on your movie
ticket and 1 mini
popcorn!
BANG!
By: Victor Ricardo Rodriguez
He was well known maybe for his
discovery of dynamite, or how the Nobel
Prize was named after him as well as the
element Nobelium. One of those amazing
things that he had succeeded in happens to
have been very important and a major time
in history which was finding a way to
control the violent explosions caused by
nitroglycerin. In other words he created
dynamite. Who is he you may ask. Well this
heroic man goes by the name Alfred
Bernhard Noble.
Alfred Nobel was originally born in
Stockholm, Sweden on October 21, 1832.
He was originally the fourth child out of
eight but only him and three other siblings
survived past childhood. When Alfred was
born he was very weak and had struggled to
live. His mother, Andriette Nobel took very
good care of him to help him to grow strong
enough to survive. Alfred was born into a
poor family. In 1832 Alfred’s family’s house
burned down causing them to lose furniture
and many of their belongings. Alfred ended
up being raised in an old drafty apartment.
Alfred Had always been interested in
technology and explosives. His father,
Immanuel Nobel, Also had a love for
technology and explosives, Both Alfred and
Immanuel may have inherited their
interests from the former inventor and
Scientist Olaus Rudbeck which was Alfred’s
Great Grandfather. In 1837 Alfred’s father
had various business failures which caused
Him to move to St Petersburg, Where he
grew successful as a manufacturer of
machine tools and explosives. In 1842
Alfred and the rest of his family moved out
to St Petersburg to join his father.
Before they moved to St Petersburg
Alfred didn’t go to school instead he had
private tutors. He excelled in chemistry and
languages. For 18 months, from 1841 to
1842, Alfred only had went to the only
school that he ever attended, that school
was the Jacobs Apologistic School in
Stockholm, Sweden. As Nobel got older he
ended up studying with Chemist, Nikolai
Zinin. To further the work he had done he
went to Paris in 1850, then at 18 he went to
the United States to study chemistry, he did
this for four years.
The family’s factory produced
armaments for the Crimean war but it was
complicated for them to switch back to
normal products after the war which caused
them to file for bankruptcy. Alfred’s father
left the business in the care of his second
son, Ludvig Nobel. Alfred and his parents
then moved back to Sweden, where Alfred
devoted himself to the study of explosives.
Mainly to the safe manufacture and use of
Nitroglycerine. On September 3, 1864 there
was an explosion caused by liquid
Nitroglycerine which killed five people
including Alfred’s younger Brother, Emil. In
1867 Nobel invented dynamite, it was
easier and safer to handle then
nitroglycerin.
Soon later, Alfred’s brother, Ludvig
died and his mother’s death soon followed.
At the ending of this long relationship
Alfred moved from Paris to San Remo, Italy.
In San Remo he suffered from Angina and
soon died in his home from a cerebral
hemorrhage. He is now buried in Norra
begravningsplatsen in Stockholm, Sweden.
So all in all this man may no longer
be with us but we will always remember
him for the discoveries he made. He was a
very important person in history and will be
known for the many things he
accomplished.
If you can’t
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