36
Zine version 1.22 Ako Māori Learn Māori Ako Tuatahi First Learning Ko __________________ tōku ingoa. Nō __________________ au.
Zine version 1.22
Ako Māori Learn Māori
Ako Tuatahi First Learning
Ko __________________ tōku ingoa. Nō __________________ au.
Rārangi Upoko Contents Whārangi Kaupapa
4 Ngā Mihi (Introduction) 5 How this zine works 6 Whakahuatanga (Pronunciation)
Mita (Dialects) 7 Akoranga Tahi (Lesson 1) – Whakataukī + Ngā hua + Whāinga Kāinga
He Kīanga Whaihua (Useful phrases) Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Tahi - Ahakama (Pronunciation Practice 1)
8 Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Rua – Waitaha (Pronunciation Practice 2)
9 Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Rua – Waitaha (Pronunciation Practice 2)
10 111 - He Mihi (Greetings)
11 112 - He Poroaki (Farewells)
12 Ngā Pae (Revision): 111 + 112
13 Ngā Whakautu (Answers): 111 + 112
14 Akoranga Rua (Lesson 2) – Whakataukī + Ngā hua + Whāinga Kāinga Mihi information and structure 15 121 – Introductions Mahi Tuhituhi Tahi - Writing Exercise 1 (Sentences) 16 122 – Mihi Structure 17 Kupu Whanau (Family Words) Mahi Tuhituhi Rua – Writing Exercise 2 (Mihi) 18 Ngā Pae (Revision) – 121 + 122 19 Ngā Whakautu (Answers) – 121 + 122
Rārangi Upoko Contents Whārangi Kaupapa
20 Akoranga Toru (Lesson 3) – Whakataukī + Ngā hua + Whāinga Kāinga Kupa Āhua (Adjective List) Kupu Mea (Noun List) Pronoun Table 21 Whakaari Tahi (Play 1) 22 131 – How are you? 23 132 – Basic grammar Mahi Tuhituhi Toru – Writing Exercise 3 (Grammar)
24 132 – Basic grammar (cont) Article Table
25 Ngā Pae (Revision) – 131 + 132
26 Ngā Whakautu (Answers) – 131 + 132
27 Akoranga Whā (Lesson 4) - Whakataukī + Ngā hua + Whāinga Kāinga Mahi Tuhituhi Whā - Writing Exercise 4 (Article + Pronoun table) 28 Whakaari Rua (Play 2) 29 Pronoun Diagram
141 – Pronouns 30 141 – Pronouns (cont) Mahi Tuhituhi Rima - Writing Exercise 5 (Pronouns + How are you) 31 142 – Basic Verb Sentences Ngā Kupu Mahi - Basic verb table Mahi Tuhituhi Ono - Writing Exercise 6 (Verbs) 32 Ngā Pae (Revision and Answers) - 141 + 142
33 Akoranga Rima (Lesson 5) – Whakataukī + Ngā hua + Whāinga Kāinga Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Toru - Pronunciation Practice 3 – Aotearoa Mahi Tuhituhi Whitu - Writing Exercise 7 (Whakaari) 34 Whakaari Toru (Play 3) 35 Papa Tuhituhi (Notes)
36 Karakia (Chants) Waiata (Song)
4 / whā
Ngā Mihi Introduction Tēnā koutou katoa, Ko Mauao te maunga, Ko Waitao te awa, Ko Mataatua te waka, Ko Ngāi Te Rangi te iwi. Ko Taiaho Hōri Ngātai te tīpuna, Ko Tahuwhakatiki te marae, Ko Ngā Potiki a Tamapahore te hapū. Ko Regan Stokes tōku ingoa; Nō Ōtautahi au. I started learning te reo Māori in earnest in 2013. Previous to that I had learnt bits and pieces from a variety of sources, but I found that I never seemed to retain very much because phrases were often presented in isolation; I learnt that ‘Kia ora’ meant ‘Hello’ but what I really wanted to know was what ‘Kia’ and ‘ora’ meant so that I could understand the relationship between words and be able to switch in other words to create new phrases. It wasn’t until I found the fantastic book He Whakamārama by John Foster that my reo took off; his grammatical approach to teaching the language resonated with me and I therefore owe him a huge acknowledgement for both inspiring my own learning and inspiring the format of this zine. I believe that learning a language becomes a lot easier and more enjoyable when you find an approach that works for you, whether it is grammatical, oral, visual, kinaesthetic, rote learning, musical, or any other method that suits you. Ako Māori has a clear focus on grammar with written and oral practice, which I hope will benefit as many people as possible. However, if this approach does not work for you, do not give up; you will find a way that suits your preferred learning style if you search. This zine has primarily been created to accompany the Ako Māori community nightclasses, but I hope that this resource and the ones that follow can exist as standalone learning tools to help teach te reo Māori for those who cannot attend physical classes as well. I would like to first and foremost thank you for taking an interest in learning te reo Māori, a language that has been pushed close to extinction but has survived through the continued efforts of our amazing tīpuna, to whom I cannot thank enough. I would also like to thank the many kaiako who have taught me over the years, not only reo but important lessons in tikanga Māori as well. Finally, ngā mihi nui to my friends who have been a great support in my path of learning, in particular Joshua Toki and Damien Taylor who have been walking it with me, and of course my whānau who have encouraged and taught me, and my parents to whom I owe everything. Ako tonu. Ngā mihi nunui ki a koutou katoa, Regan Stokes
rima / 5
How this zine works A zine (pronounced like magazine) is a self-published, low-budget publication that can be about anything, from music, art, poetry, politics, or in this case, education. Zines are an empowering medium for people to communicate their interests in a tangible form. Free reproduction and distribution of this zine is allowed and encouraged, providing you acknowledge me as the writer and are not directly selling the zine itself; do it for the reo! Ako Māori Ako Māori is a series of nightclasses in Ōtautahi Christchurch, with the first course commencing in February 2014. Each course will last for five weeks. Ako Tuatahi (First learning) is the first of the series, and I hope to create Ako Tuarua as the year progresses, with hopefully other courses following that. All course resources will be freely available at http://akomaori.wordpress.com/ with the long term aim being to create a series of resources that can be used around Aotearoa, both as an aid in face-to-face teaching and for people teaching themselves Māori on their own or in small community groups. Feel free to email me at [email protected] if you’d like to use/adapt the resources. Kaupapa Rapunga Whakaaro Ako - Learning Philosophy Based on my own experience in learning Māori, I think that the first priority in learning an oral language is to master pronunciation. As a result, the first few lessons in Ako Tuatahi will contain many activities aimed at improving confidence in pronouncing Māori correctly. Once pronunciation is relatively fluid, grammar can be focussed on, with a secondary emphasis on vocabulary acquisition. After a good handle on grammar has been established, vocabulary acquisition can become the priority, with grammar switching to a secondary focus. When translating, I will always start with Māori, then provide a direct word for word translation, followed by a contextual translation in brackets if required. For example, Kia ora - Be well (Hello/Thanks) Hōputu - Format The main learning of this course comes in the form of rākau (trees), comprised of several hua (fruit/teachings). For example, there are two rākau for akoranga tahi (lesson 1), namely 111 (He Mihi) and 112 (He Poroaki). Each hua is given a unique four digit number for easy identification. The numbering system works as such:
- The first number is the kaupapa (course), for example Ako Tuatahi - The second number is the akoranga (lesson), for example Lesson 1 - The third number is the rākau (tree), for example He Mihi (Greetings) - The fourth number (after the decimal point) is the hua (fruit/teaching) - If there is a + in front of the number, then this is a hua roa (extension teaching) which will not be taught
during the nightclass but is included to allow anyone interested to read over at home. Hua whānui will also be shaded grey to emphasise their difference and can be skipped by anyone who wants to focus only on the main learning.
Therefore, 111.1 is the first hua of the first rākau in the first akoranga of Ako Tuatahi, whereas +112.2 is a hua whānui from the second rākau of the same lesson. Ngā Pae - The Steps Ngā Pae are used for in-class activities as well as home revision, and are at the end of the rākau in an akoranga. The idea is to test yourself by reading the Māori phrase, then translating it into English, checking the relevant hua if you are unsure. Whakautu (answers) are on the following page; after guessing an answer, check if it’s correct on the following page and if you did get it correct, tick the first of the boxes to the right. After three ticks (testing yourself on different occasions) you hopefully will have memorised and retained the learning. Once you’re confident in translating Māori to English, try it in reverse, starting with the answers and checking ngā pae to see if you’re right. Here is a rundown of the three pae:
- Te Pae Tuatahi (The first step): This represents the minimum learning you should aim to retain from the akoranga in order to smoothly transition into the next akoranga.
- Te Pae Tuarua (The second step): This step adds extra phrases that reinforce the grammatical rules. - Te Pae Tuatoru (The third step): This step adds new vocabulary not covered in the hua themselves, as well as
any hua roa (extension teachings) from the akoranga. Using http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/ will help you find the answers for new vocabulary.
http://akomaori.wordpress.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/
6 / ono
Whakahuatanga - Pronunciation Pronunciation in te reo Māori is significantly easier than in te reo Ingarihi (English) because the vowels always retain the same sound regardless of the word. It is important to focus on correct pronunciation as your first goal when learning Māori.
- There are five vowels in Māori: A, E, I, O, U A is pronounced like the ‘a’ in ‘about’ E is pronounced like the ‘e’ in ‘vet’ I is pronounced like the ‘ea’ in ‘eat’ O is pronounced like the ‘a’ in ‘walk’ U is pronounced like the ‘o’ in ‘to’
- There are short vowels (A, E, I, O, U) as well as long vowels (Ā, Ē, Ī, Ō, Ū) which have macrons - a macron is equivalent to doubling the vowel, so the word Māori could also be spelt Maaori (though macrons are much more common). See http://akomaori.wordpress.com/rauemi/enabling-macrons-on-your-keyboard/ for easy instructions on how to enable macrons on your computer keyboard.
- There are ten consonants in Māori: H, K, M, N, P, R, T, W, NG, WH - NG is pronounced like the ‘ng’ in ‘singing’; to say ‘ngā’, the tongue stays at the bottom of the mouth with the
tip touching the back of the lower teeth. To say ‘nā’, the tip of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth behind the upper teeth. Say “singing” and “sinning” to notice the difference in sounds.
- WH is pronounced like a soft ‘f’. - R is pronounced as a rolling R, almost sounding like an L. There is no lip movement when saying the Māori R;
the sound comes from the tongue starting at the top of the mouth and moving down. - T is pronounced softly, with the tongue behind the upper teeth and no lip movement.
- Each Māori word is made up of one or more syllables, with a syllable being either a vowel by itself or a
consonant followed by a vowel. Māori words always end on a vowel. For example: Wha/ka/ta/ne, Ō/ta/u/ta/hi, Ngā/ru/a/wā/hi/a.
- A diphthong consists of two syllables put together, resulting in two different vowels next to each other (for example, ‘rua’, ‘mārie’). These become much easier to pronounce if you split up the syllables and then run them together as you become more confident with the pronunciation of each syllable (for example, ‘rua’ = ru…..a, ru…a, rua.)
- See http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/whakahuatanga/ for a great pronunciation resource created by the University of Otago which has audio clips of all vowels, consonants and diphthongs spoken by fluent speakers
Mita (Dialects) In general, all fluent speakers of te reo Māori can understand each other regardless of their different mita (dialects). In spite of this it is still important to note the different dialects of the language so that you understand why some kupu (words) in karakia, waiata and pānui (writings) from different areas can look slightly different.
- Speakers in Te Tai Tokerau (Northland, above Auckland) will often drop the W from WH; whakarongo becomes hakarongo.
- Speakers in Te Tai Rāwhiti (East Coast) will often drop the G from NG; whakarongo becomes whakarono. - Speakers in Te Tai Hauāuru (West Coast, Taranaki) will often drop the H from WH; whakarongo becomes
wakarongo. - Speakers in the South Island (Te Tai Tonga/Te Waipounamu) will often replace NG with K; whakarongo
becomes whakaroko (hence Aoraki being the Kāi Tahu name for Aorangi/Mount Cook). - Other areas use standard Māori which is the dialect taught in this course; whakarongo remains whakarongo.
http://akomaori.wordpress.com/rauemi/enabling-macrons-on-your-keyboard/http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/whakahuatanga/
whitu / 7
Akoranga Tahi – Lesson 1 Whakataukī o te wiki: He waka eke noa – A canoe which we are all in without exception
-
Ngā hua o tēnei akoranga The fruits of this lesson (Lesson outcomes)
Whāinga Kāinga Home pursuits
- Clarify and develop confidence in Māori pronunciation - Greet and farewell others using both formal and informal phrases
- Greet and farewell others using te reo Māori - Revise greetings and farewells using Ngā Pae
He Kīanga Whaihua - Useful phrases The following table is a reference for many of the phrases used frequently throughout the nightclasses. This table should also be useful to teachers who want to integrate te reo Māori into their lessons (if you are doing this make sure to use all four sections so students don’t simply associate Māori with being ordered around).
He Whakahau Commands He Pātai Questions
Whakarongo mai - Listen to me Titiro mai - Look at me Pātai mai - Question me Kōrero mai - Speak to me Kia tere - Be fast (Hurry up) Whano - Proceed (Start) Kāti - Stop Taihoa - Wait Me tū (koutou) - (You) should stand Me noho (koutou) - (You) should sit Haere tonu - Go on (Keep going) Anō - Again
Kei te mārama koutou? - (Do you understand?) Kei te pai tēnei? - Present tense At the good this? (Is this good?) He pātai tāku - A question my (I have a question) He aha te kupu Māori mō ____ ? - What (is) the Māori word for? He aha te kupu Ingarihi mō ___? - What (is) the English word for? He aha te tikanga o te kupu __ ? - What (is) the meaning of the word __?
He Whakanui Praise He Whakahoki Responses
Ka pai - Good Tino pai - Very good Tino pai tāu mahi - Very good your work (Your work is very good) Tau kē! - Awesome! Kei te tika tēnā - That is correct
Āe - Yes Kāo - No Aua - I don’t know Tērā pea - That perhaps (Maybe) Tautoko - Support (Said after someone says something you agree with) Kei a koe te tikanga - At you, the meaning (The decision is yours) He ______ te kupu Māori mō …….. - ____ is the Māori word for …….
Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga - Pronunciation Practice 1 Ahaka Ma (A HA KA MA) A HA KA MA NA PA RA TA WA NGA WHA (E HE KE ME) E HE KE ME NE PE RE TE WE NGE WHE (I HI KI MI) I HI KI MI NI PI RI TI WI NGI WHI (O HO KO MO) O HO KO MO NO PO RO TO WO NGO WHO A E I O U (U HU KU MU) U HU KU MU NU PU RU TU WU NGU WHU
8 / waru
Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga - Pronunciation Practice 2 Waitaha (Ripanga Tahi - Table 1) With a partner, decide on one person to remain on this page whilst the other person turns to the next page. You will both have a table like the one below but with different words missing from each table. Take turns to ask each other which word goes into the missing boxes, going from left to right - your partner will say the word from their table using correct Māori pronunciation and you will write it down in the blank box. Once you are done, read out the spelling of your word to your partner to make sure it is correct before switching roles and doing the next word. If you are new to Māori pronunciation, just focus on spelling the words correctly based on how you hear them. If you have some experience with Māori pronunciation, you may want to integrate some of the following phrases into this activity:
Mō te kaituhi (for the writer) Mō te kaikōrero (for the speaker)
He aha te kupu? - What (is) the word? Kōrero mai anō? - Speak to me again (Say it again?) Anō? - Again? He tika tēnei? - Correct, this? (Is this correct?)
He ________ te kupu. - The word is ________ . Āe - Yes Kāo - No He tika tēnā. - Correct that. (That is correct)
The first row has the words written phonetically in brackets to help you. Go from left to right - remember A E I O U !
Ngā Rohe (Regions)
Kaiapoi (Kai-a-poi)
Ōtautahi (Or-toe-tahi)
Ngā Wāhi (Places)
Papanui
Hei Hei
Waimairi
Mairehau
Ngā Tohu (Landmarks)
Ō Kete Upoko
Rapanui
Ngā Awa (Rivers)
Ōtākaro
Waimakariri
Ngā Roto (Lakes)
Te Waihora
Whakamātau
Ngā Iwi (People)
Waitaha
Ngāti Waiaki
Ngā Marae (Meeting Houses)
Rēhua
Ngā Hau e Whā
Ngāti Moki
Tūtehuarewa
See http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/TiKoukaWhenua/AZindex/ to read the kōrero (stories) associated with these areas, people and landmarks.
http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/TiKoukaWhenua/AZindex/
iwa / 9
Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga - Pronunciation Practice 2 Waitaha (Ripanga Rua - Table 2) With a partner, decide on one person to remain on this page whilst the other person turns to the previous page. You will both have a table like the one below but with different words missing from each table. Take turns to ask each other which word goes into the missing boxes, going from left to right - your partner will then say the word from their table using correct Māori pronunciation and you will write it down in the blank box. Once you are done, read out the spelling of your word to your partner to make sure it is correct before switching roles and doing the next word. If you are new to Māori pronunciation, just focus on spelling the words correctly based on how you hear them. If you have some experience with Māori pronunciation, you may want to integrate some of the following phrases into this activity:
Mō te kaituhi (for the writer) Mō te kaikōrero (for the speaker)
He aha te kupu? - What (is) the word? Kōrero mai anō? - Speak to me again (Say it again?) Anō? - Again? He tika tēnei? - Correct, this? (Is this correct?)
He ________ te kupu. - The word is ________ . Āe - Yes Kāo - No He tika tēnā. - Correct that. (That is correct)
The first line has the words written phonetically in brackets to help you. Go from left to right - remember A E I O U !
Ngā Rohe (Regions)
Waitaha (Why-ta-ha)
Akaroa (Ah-kah-row-ah)
Ngā Wāhi (Places)
Tai Tapu Aranui
Rangiora Kainga
Ngā Tohu (Landmarks)
Aoraki / Aorangi Te Herenga Ora
Ngā Awa (Rivers)
Rakaia
Ōpāwaho
Ngā Roto (Lakes)
Wairewa
Waikākāriki
Ngā Iwi (People)
Ngāti Māmoe Ngāi Tahu
Ngā Marae (Meeting Houses)
Tuahiwi Rāpaki
Ōnuku Wairewa
See http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/TiKoukaWhenua/AZindex/ to read the kōrero (stories) associated with these areas, people and landmarks.
http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/TiKoukaWhenua/AZindex/
10 / tekau
111 He Mihi – Greetings
111.1 Kia Kia, when used at the start of a phrase, translates to “Be” or “Let (it) be”. Combining this with an adjective can create a mild command. Kia ora - Be well/healthy (Hello/Thanks - casual greeting, also used as thanks or an acknowledgement of someone) Kia kaha - Be strong Kia tūpato - Be careful Kia tere - Be fast (Hurry up) Kia pōturi - Be slow (Slow down) Kia roa te moe - Be long the sleep (Have a long sleep)
111.2 Tēnā Tēnā translates directly to “That (by you)”. Combining this with a personal pronoun creates a formal greeting. Tēnā koe - That [is] you (Formal greetings to one person, also used as thanks or an acknowledgement) Tēnā kōrua - That [is] you (Formal greeting/acknowledgement to two people) Tēnā koutou - That [is] you (Formal greeting/acknowledgement to three or more people)
111.3 Mārie Mārie is an adjective that translates to “peaceful”. Ata mārie - Morning peaceful (Peaceful morning - formal greeting) Ahiahi mārie - Afternoon peaceful (Peaceful afternoon - formal greeting) Pō mārie - Night peaceful (Peaceful night - formal greeting, used more often as a farewell)
+111.3 Nouns and adjectives In Māori, the noun always comes before the adjective. In English you would say “the big bird” whereas in Māori you say “te manu nui” (the bird big). te rākau roa - the tree tall/long (the tall/long tree) te tamaiti tere - the child fast (the fast child) te pepa mā - the paper white (the white paper)
111.4 Mai/Atu Mai and atu are both useful adverbs that give further meaning to verbs (doing words such as run and sit). Haere is a verb that translates to “go”. Haere mai - Go [towards the speaker] (Formal welcome - for addressing manuhiri/guests) Nau mai - Come/go [towards the speaker] (Another formal welcome) Haere atu - Go [away from the speaker] (Go away - useful for shooing away naeroa/mosquitos) Kōrero mai - Speak towards me (Talk to me) Pātai atu - Question [away from me] (Ask someone else) Whakarongo mai - Listen [to me] Titiro atu - Look [over there]
111.5 Other Greetings Mōrena - Morning (Casual greeting – a transliteration of the English greeting “morning”) Ngā mihi nui ki a koe/kōrua/koutou - The greetings large to you (Many large greetings to you - a useful phrase to greet others in a formal oratory setting. “Ngā mihi” is often used to sign off emails as a farewell)
tekau mā tahi / 11
112 He Poroaki - Farewells 112.1 Ka kite Ka kite translates directly to “Will see” - Ka indicates future tense and kite is a verb translating to “see” (Ka kite translates contextually to the informal “see you”). As with all verbs, like those in 111.4, an adverb can be added to give further meaning. Ka kite anō - Will see again (See you again) Ka kite āpopo - Will see tomorrow (See you tomorrow)
+112.1 Verb sentence structure The following examples show the basic structure of a verb sentence; tense marker (ka - future), followed by a verb (kite - see) and then the subject (au - I/me). Ka kite au - Will see I (I will see) Ka kōrero au - Will speak I (I will speak) Ka haere koe - Will go you (You will go) Ka tū kōrua - Will stand you two (You two will stand) Ka haere mai koutou - Will go [to me] you (You will come to me)
112.2 Hei Hei translates to “At (in the future)”. Hei konei - At [this place] here (See you in the future where I am now / See you here) Hei konā - At [that place] there by you (See you in the future where you are now / See you there) Hei korā - At [that place] over there, away from both of us (See you in the future there / See you over there) Hei te kura - At the school (See you at school) Hei āpopo - At tomorrow (See you tomorrow) Hei Oamaru au - At Oamaru I (I will be in Oamaru)
+112.2 Locative sentences The starters “I”, “Kei” and “Hei” all form the basis of locative sentences - saying where something is. I Ōtautahi au - At [past] Christchurch I (I was in Christchurch) Kei Ōtautahi au - At [present] Christchurch I (I am in Christchurch) Hei Ōtautahi au - At [future] Christchurch I (I will be in Christchurch) Kei te rākau au - At [present] the tree I (I am at the tree) Kei te rākau te manu - At [present] the tree the bird (The bird is at the tree) Kei te rākau roa te manu mā - At [present] the tree tall the bird white (The white bird is at the tall tree) I hea koe? - At [past] where you? (Where were you?) I te rākau roa au - At [past] the tree tall I (I was at the tall tree) He aha koe? - A what you? (What are you?) He manu mā au. - A bird white I (I am a white bird)
112.3 Rā Rā can translate to many words, including “sun” and “day”, however in this context it means “over there” Haere rā - Go over there (Formal farewell said to the people leaving) E noho rā - Stay over there (Formal farewell said to the people staying)
12 / tekau mā rua
Ngā Pae mō Akoranga Tahi – Revision for Lesson 1 Ngā Pae are used for in-class activities as well as home revision, and are at the end of the rākau in an akoranga. The idea is to test yourself by reading the Māori phrase, then translating it into English, checking the relevant hua if you are unsure. Whakautu (answers) are on the following page; after guessing an answer, check if it’s correct on the following page and if you did get it correct, tick the first of the boxes to the right. After three ticks (testing yourself on different occasions) you hopefully will have memorised and retained the learning. Once you’re confident in translating Māori to English, try it in reverse, starting with the answers and checking ngā pae to see if you’re right. Here is a rundown of the three pae:
- Te Pae Tuatahi (The first step): This represents the minimum learning you should aim to retain from the akoranga in order to smoothly transition into the next akoranga.
- Te Pae Tuarua (The second step): This step adds extra phrases that reinforce the grammatical rules. - Te Pae Tuatoru (The third step): This step adds new vocabulary not covered in the hua themselves, as well as
any hua roa (extension teachings) from the akoranga. Using http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/ will help you find the answers for new vocabulary.
PAE TAHI 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 Kia ora 111.1
2 Tēnā koe 111.2
3 Tēnā kōrua 111.2
4 Tēnā koutou 111.2
5 Ata mārie 111.3
6 Ahiahi mārie 111.3
7 Haere mai 111.4
8 Mōrena 111.5
PAE RUA 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 Kia kaha 111.1
2 Kia tere 111.1
3 Kia tūpato 111.1
4 Kia pōturi 111.1
5 Nau mai 111.4
6 Pātai atu 111.4
7 Whakarongo mai 111.4
8 Titiro atu 111.4
9 Kōrero mai 111.4
10 Ngā mihi nui 111.5
PAE TAHI 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Pō mārie 111.3
2 Haere atu 111.4
3 Ka kite 112.1
4 Haere rā 112.3
5 E noho rā 112.3
PAE RUA 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Ka kite anō 112.1
2 Ka kite āpopo 112.1
3 Hei konei 112.2
4 Hei konā 112.2
5 Hei korā 112.2
6 Hei Oamaru 112.2
7 Hei te kura 112.2
8 Hei āpopo 112.2
PAE TORU 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 te tamaiti kaha +111.3
2 Kia pai te moe 111.1
3 te pepa tere +111.3
4 Pātai mai 111.4
5 te rākau mā +111.3
6 Kia atawhai 111.1
7 Tēnā koutou katoa 111.2
8 Waiata atu 111.4
PAE TORU 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Ka kite koe. +112.1
2 I Ōtautahi koe. +112.2
3 Ka whakarongo au. +112.1
4 Hei Ōtautahi au. +112.2
5 Kei te kura au. +112.2
6 Ka noho kōrua +112.1
7 Ka titiro koutou +112.1
8 Kei Timaru koe. +112.2
http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/
tekau mā toru / 13
Ngā Whakautu mō Akoranga Tahi – Revision answers for Lesson 1 PAE TAHI 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 Be well (Hello/thanks) 111.1
2 That [is] you (Greetings to one)
111.2
3 That [is] you (Greetings to two)
111.2
4 That [is] you (Greetings to three or more)
111.2
5 Morning peaceful (Peaceful morning)
111.3
6 Afternoon peaceful (Peaceful afternoon)
111.3
7 Go towards the speaker (Welcome)
111.4
8 Morning 111.5
PAE RUA 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 Be strong 111.1
2 Be fast (Hurry up) 111.1
3 Be careful 111.1
4 Be slow (Slow down) 111.1
5 Come/go towards me (Welcome)
111.4
6 Question away from me (Ask someone else)
111.4
7 Listen to me 111.4
8 Look away from me (Look over there)
111.4
9 Speak towards me (Talk to me)
111.4
10 The greetings large (Many large greetings)
111.5
PAE TORU 111 He mihi - Greetings
1 the child strong (the strong child)
+111.3
2 Be good the sleep (Have a good sleep.)
111.1
3 the paper fast (the fast paper)
+111.3
4 Question towards me (Ask me)
111.4
5 the tree white (the white tree)
+111.3
6 Be kind. 111.1
7 That [is] you all (Greetings to you all)
111.2
8 Sing away from me (Sing out)
111.4
PAE TAHI 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Night peaceful (Peaceful night)
111.3
2 Go away from the speaker (Go away)
111.4
3 Will see (See you) 112.1
4 Go over there (Farewell to those leaving)
112.3
5 Stay over there (Farewell to those staying)
112.3
PAE RUA 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Will see again (See you again)
112.1
2 Will see tomorrow (See you tomorrow)
112.1
3 At this place here (See you here)
112.2
4 At that place by you (See you there)
112.2
5 At that place over there (See you over there)
112.2
6 At Oamaru (See you in Oamaru)
112.2
7 At the school (See you at the school)
112.2
8 At tomorrow (See you tomorrow)
112.2
PAE TORU 112 He poroaki - Farewells
1 Will see you (See you) +112.1
2 At Christchurch you (You were in Christchurch)
+112.2
3 Will listen I (I will listen.)
+112.1
4 At Christchurch I (I will be in Christchurch.)
+112.2
5 At the school I (I am at the school.)
+112.2
6 Will sit you two (You two will sit.)
+112.1
7 Will look you [3+ people] (You will look.)
+112.1
8 At Timaru you (You are in TImaru.)
+112.2
14 / tekau mā whā
Akoranga Rua – Lesson 2 Whakataukī o te wiki: E kore e heke he kākano rangatira. Our ancestors will never die for they live on in each of us.
Ngā hua o tēnei akoranga The fruits of this lesson Whāinga Kāinga - Home pursuits
- Ask “What is your name?” and “Where are you from?” - Learn how to prepare a mihi - Learn basic pronouns (au, koe, ia) and possessive articles (tōku, tōu, tōna)
- Research and write your mihi - Use “What is your name ?” and “Where are you from?” in everyday conversation - Revise mihi using Ngā Pae
Mihi Mihi (greeting) is an extremely important part of Māori culture. Before speaking in a formal oratory setting (such as a marae), it is expected that you announce who you are and where you come from with a mihi. Through a mihi, others can make connections to your pepeha (iwi/tribal affiliations to particular natural landmarks) and your whakapapa/genealogy. Much respect and mana is given to those who know their whakapapa extensively. Fitting whakataukī (proverbs) are often used in mihi; in traditional times it was considered bad practice to use a whakataukī that had already been used by a previous speaker, so orators were required to have an extensive knowledge of many whakataukī. A mihi has a strong spiritual significance as you are speaking on behalf of your tīpuna (ancestors), as well as bringing them along for your kōrero. Example Mihi Structure
Greeting Tēnā koutou/Ahiahi mārie/etc That is you / Afternoon peaceful
Pepeha Ko _______________________ te maunga Ko _______________________ te awa Ko _______________________ te waka Ko ________________________te iwi
_______________________is the mountain (I affiliate to) _______________________ is the river (I affiliate to) _____is the canoe/vehicle (that brought my ancestors to Aotearoa) _______________________ are the people (I affiliate to)
Whakapapa I te taha o tōku matua Ko ______________________ tōku koro Ko ______________________tōku kuia
On the side of my father _____________________ is my grandfather _____________________ is my grandmother
I te taha o tōku whaea Ko ______________________ tōku koro Ko ______________________ tōku kuia
On the side of my mother _____________________ is my grandfather _____________________ is my grandmother
Ko ____________________ tōku matua Nō __________________________ ia Ko ____________________ tōku whaea Nō __________________________ia
__________________________ is my father He is from _________________ __________________________ is my mother She is from ________________
Ko _______________tōku hoa rangatira Ko ____rātou ko ____ko ____ āku tamariki
__________________________ is my spouse ________ , ________ and ________are my children
Ko _____________________ tōku ingoa Nō _________________________au
__________________________is my name I am from __________________
(Whakataukī) Whakataukī Insert māori proverb here (optional)
Final greetings
Nō reira, Tēnā koutou, Tēnā koutou, Tēnā koutou katoa.
Therefore, Greetings to the living, Greetings to the deceased, Greetings to all.
One thing to note with your pepeha is that if you start with “Ko Aoraki te maunga”, or name any ancestral mountain/river/waka etc, people will assume that you are Māori. It is up to you to decide what pepeha structure you use; below is an alternative pepeha structure for non-Māori given by Ngāi Tahu that acknowledges ancestral landmarks without any potential confusion:
Put these lines into your pepeha if you wish (instead of Ko ___te maunga/awa)
Kei te mihi au ki a Aoraki I greet Aoraki (Mount Cook) Substitute Aoraki/Waimakariri/Ngāti Pākehā for another mountain/river/people if you wish
Kei te mihi au ki a Waimakariri I greet the Waimakariri river
Ko Ngāti Pākehā te iwi Ngāti Pākehā are the people
Put these lines into your whakapapa section if you wish
Ko _____ tōku ingoa _____ is my name
Nō _____ au I am from _____
(Kei _____ tōku ngākau) (My heart is in _____ ) - The place you now call home
(He kaiako au ki te kura o ____) ( I am a teacher at the school of _____ )
According to the kaiako (teacher) of a friend, if you have a connection to this land, to the people of Aotearoa and our shared history, then you can proudly claim to be Ngāti Pākehā.
tekau mā rima / 15
121 Introductions 121.1 Nō hea koe? - Where are you from? This is an important question in te ao Māori (the Māori world) as it asks where you are from. While the pātai (question) can be interpreted as asking where someone is from or where they belong, it is generally easiest to see it as asking where you were born or raised (if you were born in one place but then raised somewhere else, it is up to you what place you answer with). As with most questions in Māori, simply answer by replacing the question word with the answer. Sometimes the dialectual variation “Nō whea” is heard which has the same meaning as “Nō hea”. Nō hea koe? – From where you? (Where are you from?) Nō Whakatū au. – From Nelson I (I am from Nelson)
121.2 Pronouns 1 The Māori pronoun system is extremely logical and important as its basic triangle structure runs throughout many word groups in te reo Māori. au (sometimes seen as ahau) – I/me (first person - the speaker) koe – you (second person – the listener) ia – he/she, him/her (third person – the outsider/someone not being directly spoken to) See above (121.1) for an example of how koe and au interchange in questions just like in English. ia stays the same: Nō hea ia? – From where she/he (Where is she/he from?) Nō Ōtepoti ia. – From Dunedin she/he (She/he is from Dunedin)
121.3 Possessive Articles 1 You have already learnt the pronouns used when talking about a single person (au, koe, ia); here are the one-person possessive articles that each link with a particular personal pronoun. tōku – my (first person; links with au) tōu – your (second person; links with koe) tōna – his/her (third person; links with ia) While you can use a pronoun on its own, a possessive article is usually followed by a noun (e.g. tōku ingoa – my name)
121.4 Ko wai tōu ingoa? - What is your name? In te ao Māori, it is considered rude to say to someone “Ko wai koe?” (Who are you?). It is much more polite to ask “Ko wai tōu ingoa?” (Who is your name?). Ko sentences are used to make clear and factual statements. The word “Ko” has no specific translation but has the effect of emphasising the following word as the most important part of the sentence. Ko wai tōu ingoa? - Who your name? (What is your name?) Ko Werohia tōku ingoa. – Werohia my name. (Werohia is my name) Ko wai tōna ingoa? – Who his/her name? (What is his/her name?) Ko Hera tōna ingoa. – Hera her name. (Hera is her name)
Mahi Tuhituhi Tahi – Writing Exercise 1 - Translate these sentences into Māori/English: Te Reo Ingarihi Te Reo Māori Te Reo Ingarihi Te Reo Māori
Where are you from? What is your name?
Nō Ōtautahi au. Ko Ira tōku ingoa.
She is from Dunedin. His name is Edwin Hubble.
Nō hea ia? Ko wai tōna ingoa?
Peaceful morning See you again
16 / tekau mā ono
122 Mihi Structure 122.1 Definite Articles + Adjectives In Māori, in almost every case the noun (e.g. whare - house) stays the same regardless of whether you are talking about one house (singular) or many houses (plural). Whilst in English we will add an S to create a plural, in Māori we instead change the article that comes before the noun. The article “te” translates to “the (singular)”, whilst the article “ngā” translates to “the (plural)”. “te” and “ngā” are considered to be definite articles because they are specific about the noun; it is a lot more specific to say “the house” or “the houses” than “a house” or “some houses”. te whare - the house te rākau - the tree ngā whare - the houses ngā rākau - the trees In Māori, the adjective (describing word) comes after the noun (naming word): te waka roa - the canoe long (the long canoe) ngā manu tere - the birds fast (the fast birds)
122.2 Ko sentences using te The sentence starter “Ko” is used extensively within a mihi. “Ko” has no direct translation but instead emphasises the word that comes after it. Because of this, the sentence can be read from left to right in a similar way to a regular English sentence. The information that is most important goes straight after the first “ko”, but can be switched to change emphasis. An example of this is the Whanganui saying “Ko au te awa; ko te awa ko au” (I am the river; the river is me.) See below for other examples. Ko Hikurangi te maunga. - Hikurangi the mountain (Hikurangi is the mountain.) Ko te maunga ko Hikurangi. - The mountain Hikurangi (The mountain is Hikurangi.) Ko Takitimu te waka. - Takitimu the canoe (Takitimu is the canoe.) Ko te waka ko Takitimu. - The canoe Takitimu (The canoe is Takitimu.)
122.3 Ko sentences using ngā The structure is slightly different if you have more than one item per line (for example, if you want to mihi two waka or two iwi): Ko Mataatua me Te Arawa ngā waka - Mataatua and Arawa the canoes (Mataatua and Te Arawa are the canoes) Ko Ngāi Tahu ko Ngāti Mamoe me Waitaha ngā iwi (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Mamoe and Waitaha are the tribes)
122.4 Ko sentences using tōku When reciting your whakapapa, you list family members and therefore use the article “my” rather than “the”: Ko Jane Till tōku whaea - Jane Till my mother (Jane Till is my mother) Ko Weeti Tepa tōku koro - Weeti Tepa my grandfather (Weeti Tepa is my grandfather)
122.5 Ko sentences using ōku When talking about more than one person, all of the possessive articles drop their first letter (for example, tōku becomes ōku). The pronouns rāua (for two people) and rātou (for three or more people) also come in: Ko Andrew tōku tuakana - Andrew my older same sex sibling (Andrew is my older brother) Ko Andrew rāua ko Tom ōku tuakana - (Andrew and Tom are my older brothers) Ko Andrew rātou ko Tom ko Bill ōku tuakana (Andrew, Tom and Bill are my older brothers)
122.6 Saying where people are from Often you may want to say where people in your whānau are from. Use “ia” as a pronoun for this: Ko Herena Omana tōku whaea. (Herena Omana is my mother) Nō Whakatāne ia. (She is from Whakatāne)
tekau mā whitu / 17
122.7 A and O categories Respect and mana is built into te reo Māori. When referring to people in your own generation or above, use the ‘o’ category (tōku) to show that these people have responsibility over you; when referring to people younger than you in your generation or those in the generations below you (such as younger siblings or children), use the ‘a’ category (tāku) to show that you have responisbility over these people. Here is part of a mihi that demonstrates this: Ko Andrea Wolf tōku hoa rangatira (Andrea Wolf is my spouse) Ko Paul Wright tōku ingoa. (Paul Wright is my name.) Ko Tira Wheno rāua ko Mere Tipana ōku matua. (Tira Wheno and Mere Tipana are my parents.) Ko Meta Miere tāku teina. (Meta Miere is my younger same sex sibling.) Ko Tim rāua ko Aroha āku tamariki. (Tim and Aroha are my children)
Kupu Whānau – Family words kui/kuia grandmother/great aunt/elderly lady female (family member) two generations above
koro/koroua grandfather/great uncle/elderly man male (family member) two generations above
whaea/mama mother/aunt/female teacher/lady female (family member) one generation above
matua/pāpā father/uncle/male teacher/man male (family member) one generation above
mātua/pakeke parents (pakeke also means “adult”) kaumātua elder (man or woman)
whaea kēkē aunt matua kēkē uncle
tuakana older sibling (same sex) teina younger sibling (same sex)
tuahine sister of a male tungāne brother of a female
mātaamua eldest sibling pōtiki youngest sibling
waenganui middle sibling hoa rangatira spouse
hoa tāne boyfriend hoa wahine girlfriend
tāne man/husband wahine woman/wife
hoa friend kare close friend
tamaiti child tamariki children
tama boy/son tamāhine/kōtiro girl/daughter
mokopuna/moko grandchild whaiāipo lover, partner, fiancé
Mahi Tuhituhi Rua – Writing Exercise 2 - Write your own mihi here:
18 / tekau mā waru
Ngā Pae mō Akoranga Rua – Revision for Lesson 2
PAE TAHI 121 Introductions
1 Nō hea koe? 121.1
2 Nō Ōtautahi au. 121.1
3 Ko wai tōu ingoa? 121.4
4 Ko George Orwell tōku ingoa.
121.4
PAE RUA 121 Introductions
1 Nō hea ia? 121.2
2 Nō Whakatāne ia. 121.2
3 Ko wai tōna ingoa? 121.4
4 Ko Raymond Carver tōna ingoa.
121.4
5 Nō hea au? 121.2
6 Ko Maungapōhatu te maunga.
122.2
PAE TORU 121 Introductions
1 Ko wai ia? 121.4
2 Ko Pania ia. 121.4
3 Ko wai tōu whaea? 121.4
4 Ko Margaret Atwood tōku whaea.
121.4
5 Nō Tauranga koe. 121.1
6 Nō konei au. 122.2
PAE TAHI 122 Mihi Structure
1 te rākau 122.1
2 ngā rākau 122.1
3 Ko Waimakariri te awa. 122.2
4 Ko Roriata tōku koro. 122.4
PAE RUA 122 Mihi Structure
1 Ko Tainui me Mataatua ngā waka.
122.3
2 Ko te iwi ko Waitaha. 122.2
3 Ko Audrey rāua ko Sam ōku tuahine.
122.5
4 Ko Āwhina tāku kōtiro. 122.7
5 Ko Alex rātou ko Jeremy ko Duncan ōku tungāne.
122.5
6 Ko Mauri tāku teina. 122.7
PAE TORU 122 Mihi Structure
1 Ko Iriata tōna kuia. 121.4
2 Ko te awa ko au. 122.2
3 Ko Kiriata rāua ko Tom ōku pakeke.
122.5
4 Ko ngā manu ōku hoa. 122.4
5 Ko Alexis tōu whaea kēkē.
121.4
6 Ko Kim rāua ko Tim ōna whaiāpo.
122.5
tekau mā iwa/ 19
Ngā Whakautu mō Akoranga Rua – Revision answers for Lesson 2 PAE TAHI 121 Introductions
1 From where you? (Where are you from?)
121.1
2 From Christchurch I. (I am from Christchurch.)
121.1
3 Who your name? (What is your name?)
121.4
4 George Orwell my name. (George Orwell is my name.)
121.4
PAE TAHI 122 Mihi Structure
1 the tree 122.1
2 the trees 122.1
3 Waimakariri the river. (Waimakariri is the river.)
122.2
4 Roriata my grandfather. (Roriata is my grandfather.)
122.4
PAE RUA 121 Introductions
1 From where she/he? (She/he is from where?)
121.2
2 From Whakatāne he/she. (He/she is from Whakatāne.)
121.2
3 Who her/his name? (What is her/his name?)
121.4
4 Raymond Carver his name. (Raymond Carver is his name.)
121.4
5 From where I? (Where am I from?)
121.2
6 Maungapōhatu the mountain. (Maungapōhatu is the mountain.)
122.2
PAE RUA 122 Mihi Structure
1 Tainui and Mataatua the canoes. (Tainui and Mataatua are the canoes.)
122.3
2 The tribe Waitaha. (The tribe is Waitaha.)
122.2
3 Audrey they Sam my sisters [of a male]. (Audrey and Sam are my sisters.)
122.5
4 Āwhina my daughter. (Āwhina is my daughter.)
122.7
5 Alex they Jeremy Duncan my brothers [of a female]. (Alex, Jeremy and Duncan are my brothers.)
122.5
6 Mauri my younger [same sex] sibling. (Mauri is my younger same sex sibling.)
122.7
PAE TORU 121 Introductions
1 Who she/he? (Who is she/he?)
121.4
2 Pania she. (She is Pania.)
121.4
3 Who your mother? (Who is your mother?)
121.4
4 Margaret Atwood my mother. (Margaret Atwood is my mother.)
121.4
5 From Tauranga you. (You are from Tauranga.)
121.1
6 From here I. (I am from here.)
112.2
PAE TORU 122 Mihi Structure
1 Iriata her/his grandmother. (Iriata is her/his grandmother.)
121.4
2 The river me. (The river is me.)
122.2
3 Kiriata they Tom my parents. (Kiriata and Tom are my parents.)
122.5
4 The birds my friends. (The birds are my friends.)
122.4
5 Alexis your mother armpit. (Alexis is your aunt.)
121.4
6 Kim they Tim her/his lovers. (Kim and Tim are her/his lovers.)
122.5
20 / rua tekau
Akoranga Toru – Lesson 3 Whakataukī o te wiki: He ika kai ake i raro, he rāpaki ake i raro As a fish begins to nibble from below, so the ascent of a hill begins from the bottom
Ngā hua o tēnei akoranga The fruits of this lesson Whāinga Kāinga - Home pursuits
- Learn how to ask “How are you?” in present and past tense - Learn how nouns and adjectives function in Māori - Learn locative articles (tēnei, ēnei, tēnā, ēnā, tērā, ērā)
- Revise basic nouns and adjectives such as whare and makariri. - Use “How are you?” in everyday conversation - Revise basic grammar using Ngā Pae
Kupu āhua - Adjectives - Here is a list of 36 adjectives to give you a range of answers to “Kei te pēhea koe? (How are you?) as well as extend your vocabulary. pai good/fine/easy tūpato cautious, careful wairangi irrational, depressed
(thoughts underwater) ora well/healthy/fit/healed hōhā bored/frustrated/weary pōrangi crazy (thoughts in dark)
wera hot pukuriri angry/hostile/outraged haurangi drunk (thoughts in wind)
mahana warm ngenge tired/weary/fatigued reka sweet/tasty (for food)
makariri cold hiakai hungry kawa sour (for food)
pōuri sad/distressed/gloomy matekai starving tere fast
hari happy/glad/delighted hiainu thirsty pōturi slow
harikoa ecstatic/thrilled hiamoe sleepy/drowsy koretake useless
rorirori stupid/clumsy/foolish māuiui sick/fatigued ātaahua beautiful, handsome
mōhio wise/clever/skillful rongonui famous, well-known weriweri ugly/horrible/disgusting
iti/paku small/insignificant/trivial hou new/recent/modern paru dirty
nui big/important/abundant tawhito old/ancient mā clean/white
Kupu mea - Nouns - Here are 30 nouns that you will see often. You will notice that some nouns are traditional Māori words (whare, ika) whilst others are transliterations of English words (kapu, pene). whare house/building manu bird pukapuka book
rākau tree/stick ika fish pene pen
waka canoe/boat/car kurī dog papakai, tēpu table
pahi bus ngeru cat pepa paper
paihikara bike wahine woman nohoanga, tūru chair
māra garden tāne man ipu, kapu cup
rā day/sun kōtiro girl rorohiko computer
pō night/darkness tama boy waea pūkoro cellphone
kai food kaiako teacher whenua land
inu drink tauira student wai water
Pronoun Table - Pronouns are words that can be used instead of a noun
One person Two people Three or more people
au koe ia
I/me (the speaker) you (the listener) he/she, him/her (the outsider)
kōrua tāua māua rāua
you two (koe + koe) we/us (au + koe) we/us (au + ia) they/them (ia + ia)
koutou tātou mātou rātou
you (koe + koe/ia + koe/ia + ... ) we/us (au + koe + ia + … ) we/us (au + ia + ia + … ) they/them (ia + ia + ia + ... )
rua tekau mā tahi /21
Whakaari Tahi – Play 1 – Read once in a pair whilst hiding the translations, then again with translations. Speaker Kōrero Direct + Contextual Translation
Mark Kia ora! Be well! Hello!
Ngāhuia Ahiahi mārie! Kei te pēhea koe? Afternoon peaceful! At the how you? Good afternoon! How are you?
Mark Kei te ora au! Me koe? At the wellness I! And you? I am well! You?
Ngāhuia Kei te pai. Ko wai tōu ingoa? At the goodness. [Ko] who your name? Good. What is your name?
Mark Ko Mark tōku ingoa. Ko wai tōu ingoa? [Ko] Mark my name. [Ko] who your name? Mark is my name. What is your name?
Ngāhuia Ko Ngāhuia au. Nō hea koe? [Ko] Ngāhuia I. From where you? I am Ngāhuia. Where are you from?
Mark Nō Ōtepoti au. Nō hea? From Dunedin I. From where? I am from Dunedin. You?
Ngāhuia Nō Taupo au, engari kei te noho au ki Ōtautahi.
From Taupo I, but at the living I in Christchurch. I am from Taupo, but I am living in Christchurch.
Mark Tau kē! Ko wai tōu ingoa whānau? Awesome! [Ko] who your name family? Awesome! What is your last name?
Ngāhuia Ko Roberts tōku ingoa whānau. [Ko] Roberts my name family. Roberts is my last name.
Mark E kī, e kī! Kei te mōhio pea au ki tōu whaea. Ko wai te ingoa o tōu whaea?
You don’t say! At the knowing perhaps I your mother. [Ko] who the name of your mother? You don’t say! I might know your mother. What is your mother’s name?
Ngāhuia Ko Nicola Roberts tōku whaea. [Ko] Nicola Roberts my mother. Nicola Roberts is my mother.
Mark Āna! I mahi au ki a ia. Agreed! [Past tense] worked I with her. Oh yes! I worked with her.
Ngāhuia Tautoko! He iti te ao. Ko wai tōu matua? Support! A small the world. [Ko] who your father? Support! The world is small. Who is your father?
Mark Ko Leonard Ingles tōku matua. [Ko] Leonard Ingles my father. Leonard Ingles is my father.
Ngāhuia Kei te mōhio au ki a ia! He kaiako ia? At the knowing I him! A teacher he? I know him! Is he a teacher?
Mark Āe, he kaiako ia ki Ōtepoti. Yes, a teacher he in Dunedin. Yes, he is a teacher in Dunedin.
Ngāhuia He tino iti te ao. A very small the world. The world is very small.
Mark Āna. Me haere au ki tōku kāinga. Agreed. Should go I to my home. Agreed. I should go home.
Ngāhuia Tāua, tāua! Ka haere au ki tōku kāinga. Us, us! Will go I to my home. You and me both! I will go to my home as well.
Kīwaha Contextual Meaning
Tau kē! E kī, e kī! Tautoko! Āna Tāua, tāua
Awesome! You don’t say! Often used sarcastically. Support! Agreement with speaker We are the same/you and me both. Tāua is the personal pronoun meaning “we/us - you and I”. It is equivalent to au + koe.
Particle Usage
Ko Used before a noun in a ko sentence; emphasises the noun that follows as the most important part of the sentence.
Kīwaha are colloquial/casual sayings, equivalent to phrases like “sup” and “good as gold” in English. Here are the kīwaha used in today’s whakaari:
22 / rua tekau mā rua
131 How are you? 131.1 How are you? (Kei te - Present tense) This is a very common sentence and follows the basic structure of a verb (doing word) sentence. “Kei te” translates to “At the [present tense)”; “pēhea” translates directly to “like what” or “how”. As with most Māori sentences that involve a question, answer by simply replacing the question word with the answer. Kei te pēhea koe? - At the how you? (How are you?) Kei te ora au. - At the wellness I (I am well.) Kei te pēhea ia? - At the how she/he? (How is she/he?) Kei te hari ia. - At the happiness she/he. (She/he is happy.) When we place “te” before an adjective such as “pai”, it becomes an abstract noun; for example, “pai” by itself means “good”, whereas “(Kei) te pai” means “(At) the goodness”. “Kei…” sentences describe where something is located, so by placing “te” before an adjective it effectively turns the adjective into an abstract place. By saying “Kei te ora au (At the wellness I)” you are implying that you are presently located at the feeling of wellness; there is also an implied temporary nature to this feeling as “Kei” sentences relate only to the immediate present, as if you have to actively work to remain located at the wellness. Kei te pēhea tōu kuia? - At the how your grandmother? (How is your grandmother?) Kei te mōhio tōku kuia. - At the wiseness my grandmother. (My grandmother is wise.) Kei te pēhea tōna whaea? - At the how his/her mother? (How is his/her mother?) Kei te tino pai tōna whaea. - At the very goodness his/her mother. (His/her mother is very good.)
131.2 How were you? (I te - Past tense) Replacing “Kei” with “I” changes the sentence to past tense as “I te” translates to “At the [past tense]”. I te pēhea te haerenga? - At the how the journey? (How was the journey?) I te roa te haerenga. - At the long the journey. (The journey was long.) I te pēhea ngā rakiraki? - At the how the ducks? (How were the ducks?) I te hiakai ngā rakiraki. - At the hungry the ducks. (The ducks were hungry.) I te pēhea tōu rā? - At the how your day? (How was your day?) I te pai tōku rā. - At the good my day. (My day was good.) I te pēhea tōna matua? - At the how his/her father? (How was his/her father?) I te māuiui tōna matua. At the sickness his/her father. (His/her father was sick.)
+131.2 Alternatives There are a few alternative ways to say “How are you?”. “E …. ana” is an alternative verb tense which can translate to either past, present or future tense depending on context. E pēhea ana koe? - How you? (How were/are/will be you?) E pai ana au. - Good I. (I was/am/will be good.) On the East Coast of Te-Ika-a-Māui (The North Island), “Kei te aha?” is sometimes used to mean “How are you?” and is answered in the regular way (“Kei te pai au”). This is a dialectual saying as “Kei te aha koe?” normally means “What are you doing?”; when used as “how are you” this is effectively a colloquial saying particular to Ngāti Porou.
131.3 Person Place Particle [PPP] When using a person’s name or place name as the subject of a sentence, the particle “a” is used before the name/place to signal that the next word will be a proper noun (with a capital letter) or locative noun (such as konei). Kei te pēhea a Rore? - At the how [PPP] Rory? (How is Rore?) Kei te harikoa a Rore. - At the ecstasy [PPP] Rory. (Rore is ecstatic.) I te pēhea a Rotorua? - At the how [PPP] Rotorua? (How was Rotorua?) I te wera a Rotorua. - At the heat [PPP] Rotorua. (Rotorua was hot.) When a pronoun such as “au” or “koe” is the subject the PPP is not used (e.g. “Kei te pai au.”), and in all other cases an article such as “te”, “ngā” or “tōku” will precede the noun.
rua tekau mā toru / 23
132 Basic Grammar 132.1 Indefinite Article - He In 122.1 we introduced the two definite articles in Māori, “te” and “ngā”. Both of these articles are used before nouns, and both translate to “the”, with “te” translating to “the [singular]” and “ngā” translating to “the [plural]”: te whare - the house ngā whare - the houses “te” and “ngā” are considered to be definite articles because they are specific about the noun; it is a lot more specific to say “the house” or “the houses” than “a house” or “some houses”. To say the latter two phrases, we use the indefinite article “he”, which translates to “a” or “some”, depending on context: he manu - a bird/some birds te manu - the bird ngā manu - the birds
132.2 Irregular kupu mea (nouns) Almost all nouns in Māori stay the same regardless of whether you are using them in singular or plural form; it is just the preceding article that changes. However, there is a small group of nouns that are an exception to this rule and have slightly different forms for their singular and plural versions; it is worth outlining them here to prevent future confusion. te tamaiti - the child ngā tamariki - the children te tangata - the person ngā tāngata - the people te wahine - the woman ngā wāhine - the women te matua - the parent ngā mātua - the parents te teina - the younger sibling (same sex) ngā tēina - the younger siblings (same sex) te tuakana - the older sibling (same sex) ngā tuākana - the older siblings (same sex) te tipuna/tupuna - the ancestor ngā tīpuna/tūpuna - the ancestors
132.3 Kupu āhua (adjectives) Adjectives (describing words) always come after the noun in Māori. Whilst we would say “the red book” in English, in Māori we would say “the book red” - “te pukapuka whero”: te whare nui - the house big (the big house) te kōtiro kaha - the girl strong (the strong girl) ngā waka tere - the canoes swift (the swift canoes) To describe a noun using two adjectives, the article and noun are repeated. Sometimes the word “mea” (“thing”) is substituted for the noun in the second part. te tēpu pai, te tēpu nui - the table good, the table big (the good, big table) te tēpu pai, te mea nui - the table good, the thing big (the good, big table)
Mahi Tuhituhi Toru - Writing Exercise 3 – Translate the following phrases into Māori/English: the house the child
ngā waka ngā tamariki
a bird some wise people
te waka nui ngā wāhine kaha
some birds some parents
he pukapuka whero he hoa wairangi
the strong girls the strong, swift canoes
te kapu wera ngā ngeru tino pai
24 / rua tekau mā whā
132.4 Locative articles - nei, nā, rā Further information can be added to a noun by adding a location particle after the article, noun and adjective. te pene nei - the pen here by me (the pen here) te pene nā - the pen there by you (the pen there) te pene rā - the pen over there (the pen over there) Each location particle corresponds to part of the pronoun triangle: nei = here, by the speaker (near au - me/I) nā = there, by the listener (near koe - you) rā = over there, away from both the speaker and listener (near ia - her/him, he/she) he rākau nei - a tree here/some trees here by me (a/some trees here) te tūru nā - the chair there by you (the chair there) ngā inu makariri rā - the drinks cold over there (the cold drinks over there)
132.5 This, that and that over there- tēnei, tēnā, tērā The locative articles “this” and “that” are created by combining the singular definite article (te) and a location particle (nei, nā or rā). This creates an alternative way of making the phrases shown in the above section. te pene nei - the pen here by me (the pen here) tēnei pene - this by me pen (this pen) te tūru nā - the chair there by you (the chair there) tēnā tūru - that by you chair (that chair) te rākau rā - the tree over there tērā rākau - that over there tree (that tree)
132.6 These, those and those over there - ēnei, ēnā, ērā To turn the above examples into plurals, simply drop the “t” (this is a common rule in Māori). See below for the two forms: ngā pene nei - the pen here by me (the pens here) ēnei pene - these by me pens (these pens) ngā tūru nā - the chairs there by you (the chairs there) ēnā tūru - those by you chairs (those chairs) ngā rākau rā - the trees over there ērā rākau - those over there trees (those trees)
Article Table - Words that go before a noun
Definite and Indefinite articles Possessive articles
te ngā he
the (singular) the (plural) a / some
132.1
tōku / tāku tōu / tāu tōna / tāna
my your his / her
121.3 + 122.7
Locative articles - singular Locative articles - plural
tēnei tēnā tērā
this (here) that (by you) that (over there)
132.5 ēnei ēnā ērā
these (here) those (by you) those (over there)
132.6
rua tekau mā rima / 25
Ngā Pae mō Akoranga Toru – Revision for Lesson 3 PAE TAHI 131 How are you?
1 au 121.2
2 koe 121.2
3 ia 121.2
4 tōku / tāku 131.1
5 tōu / tāu 131.1
6 tōna / tāna 131.1
7 a [PPP] 131.3
PAE RUA 131 How are you?
1 Kei te pēhea koe? 131.1
2 Kei te ora au. 131.1
3 Kei te pēhea tōu kuia? 131.1
4 Kei te mōhio tōku kuia. 131.1
5 I te hari koe? 131.2
6 I te ngenge au. 131.2
7 Kei te pēhea a Taupo? 131.3
8 Kei te mahana a Taupo. 131.3
PAE TORU 131 How are you?
1 I te pēhea te haerenga? 131.2
2 Kei te pōuri ngā kurī. 131.1
3 I te roa te haerenga. 131.2
4 Kei te reka ēnei inu. 131.1
5 I te tino pai a Alex. 131.3
6 Kei te pēhea te rorohiko? 131.1
7 I te pukuriri ngā tauira. 131.2
8 Kei te pēhea tērā kai? 131.1
PAE TAHI 132 Basic Grammar
1 te whare 132.1
2 ngā whare 132.1
3 he whare 132.1
4 te pene nei 132.4
5 te pene nā 132.4
6 te pene rā 132.4
7 tēnei nohoanga 132.5
8 tēnā nohoanga 132.5
9 tērā nohoanga 132.5
PAE RUA 132 Basic Grammar
1 te whare nui 132.3
2 ngā manu tere 132.3
3 he rākau iti 132.3
4 he waka nui, he mea tere 132.3
5 tēnā papakai pai 132.5
6 ngā inu rā 132.4
7 ēnei whare 132.6
8 ēnā whare 132.6
9 ērā whare 132.6
PAE TORU 132 Basic Grammar
1 tērā pahi roa 132.5
2 ngā tamariki hiakai rā 132.4
3 ēnā rākau kaha 132.6
4 te māra ātaahua 132.3
5 ēnei ngeru tino hari 132.6
6 he wāhine mōhio 132.3
7 ērā paihikara paru 132.6
8 tēnei tāne hōhā 132.5
26 / rua tekau mā ono
Ngā Whakautu mō Akoranga Toru – Revision answers for Lesson 3 PAE TAHI 131 How are you?
1 I 121.2
2 you (one person) 121.2
3 he/she, him/her 121.2
4 my 131.1
5 your 131.1
6 his / her 131.1
7 no direct translation - used before a person’s name/place name as the subject of a sentence
131.4
PAE RUA 131 How are you?
1 At the how you? (How are you?)
131.1
2 At the wellness I (I am well.) 131.1
3 At the how your grandmother? (How is your grandmother?)
131.1
4 At the wisdom my grandmother. (My grandmother is wise.)
131.1
5 At the happy you? (Were you happy?)
131.2
6 At the tiredness I. (I was tired.)
131.2
7 At the how [PPP] Taupo? (How is Taupo?)
131.4
8 At the warmth [PPP] Taupo. (Taupo is warm.)
131.4
PAE TAHI 132 Basic Grammar
1 the house 132.1
2 the houses 132.1
3 a house / some houses 132.1
4 the pen here 132.4
5 the pen there by you 132.4
6 the pen over there 132.4
7 this chair 132.5
8 that chair [by you] 132.5
9 that chair [over there] 132.5
PAE RUA 132 Basic Grammar
1 the house big (the big house) 132.3
2 the birds swift (the swift birds)
132.3
3 (a small tree / some small trees)
132.3
4 (a big, fast canoe / some big, fast canoes)
132.3
5 (that good table [by you]) 132.5
6 the drinks over there 132.4
7 these houses 132.6
8 those houses [by you] 132.6
9 those houses [over there] 132.6
PAE TORU 131 How are you?
1 At the how the journey? (How was the journey?)
131.2
2 At the sadness the dogs. (The dogs are sad.)
131.1
3 At the length the journey. (The journey was long.)
131.2
4 At the sweetness these drinks. (These drinks are sweet.)
131.1
5 At the very goodness [PPP] Alex. (Alex was very good.)
131.4
6 At the how the comouter? (How is the computer?)
131.1
7 At the anger the students. (The students were angry.)
131.2
8 At the how that food? (How is that food over there?)
131.1
PAE TORU 132 Basic Grammar
1 (that long bus [over there]) 132.5
2 (the hungry children over there)
132.4
3 (those strong trees [by you]) 132.6
4 (the beautiful garden) 132.3
5 (these very happy cats) 132.6
6 (a wise woman / some wise women)
132.3
7 (those dirty busses [over there])
132.6
8 (this frustrated man) 132.5
rua tekau mā whitu / 27
Akoranga Whā – Lesson 4 Whakataukī o te wiki: Mauri tū, mauri ora; mauri noho, mauri mate. To stand is to live; to sit is to die.
Ngā hua o tēnei akoranga The fruits of this lesson Whāinga Kāinga - Home pursuits
- Learn all of the Māori pronouns - Learn how to construct verb sentences
- Revise pronouns using “Kei te pēhea….” - Use verb sentences in everyday life - Revise using Ngā Pae
Mahi Tuhituhi Whā – Writing Exercise 4 – Fill in the missing spaces for these article and pronoun tables:
Basic Articles must be followed by a noun.
Basic Articles
ngā
the (singular) a / some
Possessive articles must be followed by a noun.
Possessive Articles - singular (one thing possesed)
Possessive articles - plural (more than one thing possesed)
tōku / tāku
your his / her
ōu / āu
my his / her
Locative articles can be used by themselves or followed by a noun.
Locative articles - singular Locative articles - plural
Māori English Location Māori English Location
tēnā tērā
this that
here by you
ēnei ērā
these those
by you over there
Pronouns can be used instead of an article + noun combination.
One person pronouns
Māori English Person
I / me you he / she, him / her
The speaker The listener The outsider
Two people pronouns
Māori English Equivalent to
rāua
you they / them we / us we / us
koe + koe au + koe au + ia
Three or more people pronouns
Māori English Equivalent to
tātou mātou
you they / them we / us
(koe + koe/ia + koe/ia + ... ) (ia + ia + ia + ... ) (au + koe + ia + … )
28 / rua tekau mā waru
Whakaari Rua – Play 2 – Read once in a group whilst covering the translations, then again with translations. Speaker Kōrero Direct + Contextual Translation
Pania Tēnā koe, e hoa!
That you, [PoA] friend! Greetings, friend!
Wetene Ahiahi mārie.
Afternoon peaceful. Peaceful afternoon.
Pania Kei te pēhea koe?
At the how you? How are you?
Wetene Kei te hiakai au.
At the hunger I. I am hungry.
Pania Aue! Ka kai tāua.
Oh dear! Will eat we. Oh dear! We will eat.
Wetene Āe, he pai te whakaaro.
Yes, a good the thought. Yes, good idea.
Pania Kei hea te kai?
At where the food? Where is the food?
Wetene Kei tōku whare te kai.
At my house the food. The food is at my house.
Pania I te pēhea te moana i tēnei ata?
At the how the sea this morning? How was the sea this morning?
Wetene I te makariri. He nui ngā ika.
At the cold. A big the fishes. Cold. The fishes were big.
Pania Kei te pēhea tōu matua?
At the how your father? How is your father?
Wetene Kei te māuiui tonu tōku matua. .
At the sickness still my father. My father is still sick.
Pania
Kei te pēhea ngā tākuta? At the how the doctors? How are the doctors?
Wetene Aua. Kei te māharahara rātou.
Don’t know. At the worry the doctors. I don’t know. The doctors are worried.
Pania
Kia ora tōu matua, patua te taniwha. Be well your father, hit the monster. Hope your father is well, overcome the sickness.
Wetene
Kia ora mō tōu kōrero. I te pēhea tōu rā?
Be well for your talk. At the how your day? Thanks for your words. How was your day?
Pania
I te pai tōku rā, engari i te tino roa. At the good my day, but at the very long. My day was good, but very long.
Wetene
Tautoko. He roa ngā rā. Support. A long the days. Agreed. The days are long.
Pania
Me kai tāua. Kia kaha, e hoa. Should eat we. Be strong, [PoA] friend. We should eat. Be strong, friend.
Wetene
Āe, ka kaha au. Kia reka tēnei ika. Yes, will strong I. Be tasty this fish. Yes, I will be strong. Please be tasty, fish.
Pania
Kei te matekai au! Kia tere! At the starving I! Be fast! I am starving! Be quick!
Kīwaha Contextual Meaning
Aua Patua te taniwha Tautoko
I don’t know Hit the taniwha (overcome the problem) Support
Particle Usage
e- PoA (Particle of Address/Action)
- Used before a noun with two or less vowels when addressing someone (e.g. Kia ora e hoa, Kia ora e Hone) - Also used before a verb with two or less vowels when giving a command (e.g. E tū, E noho)
Kīwaha are colloquial/casual
sayings, equivalent to phrases
like “sup” and “good as gold” in
English. Here are the kīwaha used
in today’s whakaari:
Pronoun Diagram 141 Pronouns
141.1 One person pronouns - au, koe, ia Pronouns are words such as you, me, we, and us which can be used instead of an article and noun (for example “the girl”). One way of thinking of the pronoun system in Māori is to compare it to a three storey building, with each storey housing a different group of pronouns depending on how many people they refer to. The first storey has pronouns which refer to one person (au, koe, ia), the second storey has pronouns which refer to two people (kōrua, rāua, tāua, māua), and the third storey has pronouns which refer to three or more people (koutou, rātou, tātou, mātou). Here are the one person pronouns: au (sometimes seen as ahau) – I/me (first person - the speaker) koe – you (second person – the listener) ia – he/she, him/her (third person – the oursider/someone not being directly spoken to)
141.2 Two people pronouns - kōrua, rāua, tāua, māua This group of pronouns refers to two people; a good way to remember this is the “rua” on the end of “kōrua” which is the Māori word for two. This “rua” has been shortened to “ua” at the end of the other three pronouns in this group. Tāua and Māua are a little complicated, so will be covered in depth below; for now we will focus solely on kōrua and rāua. kōrua - you (two people who the speaker is addressing - equivalent to koe + koe) rāua - they/them (two people who are not in the conversation - equivalent to ia + ia)
141.3 Three people pronouns - koutou, rātou, tātou, mātou This group of pronouns refers to three or more people; an easy way to remember this is that these pronouns are the longest words and therefore relate to the most amount of people (as well as this, the tou at the end of each of these words derives from toru, which is the Māori word for three). Tātou and mātou will be covered below, so we will only look at koutou and rātou for now: koutou - you (three or more people who the speaker is addressing - equivalent to koe + koe/ia + koe/ia + …) rātou - they/them (three or more people who are not in the conversation - equivalent to ia + ia + ia + ….)
141.4 Summary so far You should now know most of the Māori pronouns: - Pronouns that describe one person (au, koe and ia) - Two of the two-people pronouns (kōrua and rāua) - Two of the three-or-more people pronouns (koutou and rātou)
141.5 Inclusive pronouns - tāua, tātou There are two more pronouns that fit into the two-people and three-or-more people categories. The first type is known as the “inclusive” pronouns, tāua and tātou: - tāua translates to “we” or “us” and is equivalent to saying “me and you (au + koe)”, meaning the speaker and the listener. For example, if two friends were driving somewhere ,one could say “Kei te noho tāua” meaning “We are sitting”. - tātou translates to “we” or “us” and is equivalent to saying “all of us (au + koe + ia…)”, meaning the speaker, listener, and others. For example, if three or four friends were driving somewhere, one could say directly to another “Kei te noho tātou” meaning “We are sitting.” As you can see, “tāua” and “tātou” are considered to be inclusive pronouns as the listener is included.
141.6 Exclusive pronouns - māua, mātou Now we will turn to the “exclusive” pronouns, māua and mātou: - māua translates to “we” or “us” and is equivalent to saying “me and him/her (au + ia)”, meaning the speaker and one other person who is not being spoken to directly. For example, if a brother and sister are out jogging and see their mother drive past in a car, the sister may call out to their mother, “Kei te oma māua!” meaning “We are running”. Māua is used in this situation because the speaker and other sibling are both running, whilst the listener (the mother) is not. To compare this with the inclusive form, If the brother was talking to the sister, he could say “Kei te oma tāua” meaning “We are running”, specifically himself and the listener (his sister). - mātou translates to “we” or “us” and is equivalent to saying “me and them (au + ia + ia…)” meaning the speaker and two or more other people who are not being spoken to directly. For example, during a whaikōrero the speaker for the manuhiri (guests) may say “Kei te tino hari mātou kei konei i tēnei rā” meaning “We are very happy to be here today”. Since the speaker is addressing the tangata whenua yet is speaking on behalf of the manuhiri, “mātou” is the appropriate pronoun. As you can see, “māua” and “mātou” are considered to be exclusive pronouns as the listener is excluded.
Mahi Tuhituhi Rima - Writing Exercise 5 - Translate these sentences into Māori/English.
Kei te pēhea koe?
Kei te ora tāua.
I am good.
How are you three?
I te ngenge ia.
I te pēhea koutou?
She was warm. We (not you) were happy.
Kei te pēhea kōrua?
Kei te hiakai mātou.
Us two (not you) are angry.
He is cold.
I te matekai tātou.
I te hiainu rātou.
We (you and I) were sad. Those two were hot.
142 Basic Verb Sentences 142.1 Continuous action tense The prepositions “Kei te” and “I te” can be used with adjectives in stative sentences (such as “Kei te pai au”) as well as for verb sentences that describe an action (a verb is a doing word such as walk, run or sleep). Again, “Kei te” translates directly to “At the (present tense)” whilst “I te” translates to “At the (past tense)”. Both of these prepositions describe continuous actions, meaning that the action is continuing either in the past or present. When translating to English, this continuous action tense is characterised by the “-ing” suffix at the end of the verb. Kei te haere au. - At the going I (I am going.) I te haere au. - At the going I (I was going.) Kei te hīkoi koe. - At the walking you (You are walking.) I te hīkoi koe. - At the walking you (You were walking.) Kei te tū ia. - At the standing she/he (She/he is standing.) I te tū ia. - At the standing she/he (She/he was standing.)
142.2 Different types of subject See how a phrase can be given different shades of meaning based on how the subject is written: Kei te moe ia. - At the sleep she/he (She/he is asleep.) Kei te moe te kuia. - At the sleep the old woman. (The old woman is asleep.) Kei te moe a Keita. - At the sleep [PPP] Keita. (Keita is asleep.) Kei te moe tōku kuia. - At the sleep my grandmother. (My grandmother is asleep.) Kei te moe ōku kuia mōhio. - At the sleep my grandmothers wise (My wise grandmothers are asleep.)
142.3 Kei te aha? To ask what someone is doing, use “aha” which translates to “what”. To answer, swap “aha” for the verb: Kei te aha koe? - At the what you? (What are you doing?) Kei te menemene au. - At the smiling I (I am smiling.) I te aha ia? - At the what she/he? (What was she/he doing?) I te kauhoe ia. - At the swimming she/he (She/he was swimming.) Kei te aha tērā manu? - At the what that over there bird? (That bird is doing what? / What is that bird doing?) Kei te tangi tērā manu. - At the crying that over there bird. (That bird is crying.) “Tangi” translates to “cry”, meaning to call out when applied to birds and to shed tears when applied to people.
Ngā Kupu Mahi - Basic verbs - In brackets are the passive verb endings, to be explained Ako Tuarua.
haere (-a, -hia, -tia) go moe (-a) sleep hoki (-a] return
hīkoi (-tia) walk oho (-kia) wake tangi (-hia) cry
oma (-kia) run noho (-ia, -ngia) sit/stay/live kata (-ina) laugh
kauhoe (-a, -tia) swim tū (-ria) stand/stop menemene smile
Mahi Tuhituhi Ono - Translate these sentences.
Kei te aha koe? Kei te tū tāua.
I am going. What are you three doing?
I te hīkoi ia. I te aha tātou?
She was sitting. We (not you) are eating.
Kei te aha rātou? Kei te hoki mātou.
Us two (not you) were crying. Those two were laughing.
Ngā Pae mō Akoranga Whā – Revision and Answers for Lesson 4 There is only one set of Ngā Pae for this lesson since pronouns and verbs can be revised together; see questions on the left and answers on the right.
PAE TAHI 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs
1 Kei te haere au. 142.1
2 I te tū te wahine. 142.2
3 Kei te aha ia? 142.3
4 I te hīkoi koe. 142.1
5 tāua 142.4
6 mātou 142.4
7 tātou 142.4
8 māua 142.4
PAE TAHI 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs 1 At the going I.
(I am going.) 141.1
2 At the standing the woman. (The woman was standing.)
141.2
3 At the what he/she? (What is he/she doing?)
141.3
4 At the walking you. (You were walking.)
141.1
5 we, us [au + koe] 141.4
6 we, us [au + ia + ia +…] 141.4
7 we, us [au + koe + ia + …] 141.4
8 we, us [au + ia] 141.4
PAE TORU 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs 1 At the sitting my friends.
(My friends are sitting.) 122.5
2 At the laughing this dog. (This dog was laughing.)
132.5
3 At the going to me they. (They are coming.)
141.2
4 At the waking those birds. (Those birds were waking.)
132.6
5 At the returning your cat. (Your cat is returning.)
122.7
6 At the running that man fast. (That fast man is running.)
132.5
7 At the standing the house white. (The white house was standing.)
132.3
8 At the walking we. (We were walking.)
141.4
PAE RUA 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs 1 At the sitting my father
(My father was sitting.) 141.2
2 At the sleeping they (They are sleeping.)
141.2
3 At the swimming she/he (She/he was swimming.)
141.1
4 At the running we. (We are running.)
141.4
5 At the smiling the children. (The children were smiling.)
141.2
6 At the what they? (What were they doing?)
141.3
7 At the hungry we. (We are hungry.)
141.4
8 At the crying I. (I am crying.) 141.1
PAE TORU 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs
1 Kei te noho ōku hoa. 122.5
2 I te kata tēnei kurī. 132.5
3 Kei te haere mai rātou. 141.3
4 I te oho ērā manu. 132.6
5 Kei te hoki tāu ngeru. 122.7
6 Kei te oma tērā tāne tere. 132.5
7 I te tū te whare mā. 132.3
8 I te hīkoi tātou. 142.4
PAE RUA 141 + 142 Pronouns + Verbs
1 I te noho tōku matua. 142.2
2 Kei te moe rāua. 142.2
3 I te kauhoe ia. 142.1
4 Kei te oma tāua. 142.4
5 I te menemene ngā tamariki. 142.2
6 I te aha rātou? 142.3
7 Kei te hiakai māua. 142.4
8 Kei te tangi au. 142.1
Akoranga Rima – Lesson 5 Whakataukī o te wiki: He rangi tā Matawhāiti, he rangi tā Matawhānui. The person with a narrow vision sees a narrow horizon, the person with a wide vision sees a wide horizon
Ngā hua o tēnei akoranga The fruits of this lesson Whāinga Kāinga - Home pursuits
- Revise previous akoranga - Write your own play with a partner - Recite your personal mihi in a small group
- Continue to practise and memorise your mihi at home - Become a rongonui playwright - Revise using Ngā Pae
Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Toru - Pronunciation Practice 3 - Aotearoa
Te Waipounamu
Ōtautahi
Ōtepoti
Te Tihi-o-Maru
Te Oha-a-Maru
Māwhera
Whakatū
Waihōpai
Wairau
Te Ika a Māui
Te Whanganui-a-Tāra
Tāmaki-makau-rau
Tūranganui-a-Kiwa
Te Reinga
Te Papaioea
Tauranga
Taupo
Ngāmotu
Mahi Tuhituhi Whitu – Writing Exercise 7 Write your own whakaari (play)using phrases from the last four akoranga:
Whakaari Toru – Play 3 – Read once in a group whilst covering the translations, then again with translations. Speaker Kōrero Direct + Contextual Translation
Ngata Tēnā kōrua! That you two! Greetings you two!
Kura Tēnā koe, e hoa. That you, [PoA] friend. Greetings, friend.
Tawhi Kia ora koe! Be well, you! Hello!
Ngata Kei te pēhea kōrua? At the how you two? How are you both?
Kura Kei te ora māua. At the well we. We (myself and Ngata) are well.
Tawhi Kei te pēhea koe? At the how you? How are you?
Ngata Kei te ngenge au. I te mahi au. At the tired I. At the working I. I am tired. I have been working.
Kura I hea te mahi? At where the work? Where was the work?
Ngata I tōku whare te mahi. I te aha kōrua? At my house the work. At the what you two? The work was at my house. What have you both been doing?
Tawhi I te kōrero māua ki tērā wahine. At the speaking we to that woman. We were speaking to that woman.
Ngata Āna. Ko wai tōna ingoa? Agreed. [Ko] who her name? Agreed. What is her name?
Kura Ko Iriana ia. [Ko] Iriana she. She is Iriana.
Ngata Kei te aha ia?
At the what she? What is she doing?
Tawhi Kei te noho ia. I te āwhina ia i tāna kurī māuiui.
At the sitting she. At the helping she [TP] her dog sick. She is sitting. She was helping her sick dog.
Ngata Aue. Kei te pēhea te kurī?
Oh dear. At the how the dog? Oh dear. How is the dog?
Kura Kei te ora te kurī. I te āwhina hoki māua.
At the well the dog. At the helping also we. The dog is well. We were helping also.
Ngata Tautoko! Tau kē kōrua! Me haere tāua, e Tawhi.
Support! Awesome you two! Should go we, [PoA] Tawhi. Support! Awesome! We should go, Tawhi.
Tawhi Āe, ko tāua tēnā. E noho rā, e Kura.
Yes, [ko] us that by you. [PoA] stay there, [PoA] Kura. Yes, that is us. Farewell, Kura.
Kīwaha Contextual Meaning
Āna Aue Tautoko Tau kē
Agreement with speaker Oh dear, oh no, sigh Support! Awesome!
Particle Usage
e- PoA (Particle of Address/Action) Ko i - TP (Transitive Preposition)
- Used before a noun with two or less vowels when addressing someone (e.g. Kia ora e hoa, Kia ora e Hone) - Also used before a verb with two or less vowels when giving a command (e.g. E tū, E noho) - Used before a noun in a ko sentence; emphasises the noun that follows as the most important part of the sentence - Indicates the direction of an action and has no direct English translation (e.g. Kei te patu au i te tēpu - I am hitting the table - the ‘i’ has no translation but differentiates the subject/object)
Kīwaha are colloquial/casual
sayings, equivalent to phrases
like “
