Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,American History American History 14/e14/e

Chapter 18: Chapter 18: The Age of the CityThe Age of the City

HighlightsHighlights

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society High Culture in the Age of the CityHigh Culture in the Age of the City

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The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

The Lure of the CityThe Lure of the City– Rapid Urban GrowthRapid Urban Growth

MigrationsMigrations– Geographic MobilityGeographic Mobility– African American CommunitiesAfrican American Communities

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The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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The United States in 1900The United States in 1900

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Population Growth, 1860-1900Population Growth, 1860-1900

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Immigration’s Contribution to Population Growth, 1860-1920Immigration’s Contribution to Population Growth, 1860-1920

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Sources of Immigration from Europe, 1860-1900Sources of Immigration from Europe, 1860-1900

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

The Ethnic CityThe Ethnic City– The Diverse American CityThe Diverse American City– Benefits of Ethnic CommunitiesBenefits of Ethnic Communities

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The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

AssimilationAssimilation– AmericanizationAmericanization– Changing Gender RolesChanging Gender Roles

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Scenes from a New York City “ghetto” fish market (Library of Congress)

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Ethnic and Class Segregation in Milwaukee, 1850-1890Ethnic and Class Segregation in Milwaukee, 1850-1890

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

ExclusionExclusion– NativismNativism– Immigration Restriction LeagueImmigration Restriction League– Advantages of Cheap LaborAdvantages of Cheap Labor

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The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Immigration under attack, 1903

(New York Public Library; Astor, Lenox and Tilden

Foundations)

The Urbanization of AmericaThe Urbanization of America

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Immigrants arriving at Ellis Island (Library of Congress)

The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

The Creation of Public SpaceThe Creation of Public Space– Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert VauxFrederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux– ““City Beautiful” MovementCity Beautiful” Movement– The Back BayThe Back Bay

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Frog Pond at Boston Common, 1899 (Library of Congress)

The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

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The Mall in Central Park, 1902 (Library of Congress)

The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

Housing the Well-to-DoHousing the Well-to-Do– Growth of SuburbsGrowth of Suburbs

Housing Workers and the PoorHousing Workers and the Poor– TenementsTenements– Jacob RiisJacob Riis

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The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

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Streetcar Suburbs in Nineteenth-Century New OrleansStreetcar Suburbs in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans

The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

Urban TransportationUrban Transportation– Transportation ProblemsTransportation Problems– Mass TransitMass Transit

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Elevated railway in Chicago (Library of Congress)

The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape

The “Skyscraper”The “Skyscraper”

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Empire building in New York (Library of Congress)

Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life

Fire and DiseaseFire and Disease– Development of Professional Fire DepartmentsDevelopment of Professional Fire Departments

Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation– Air PollutionAir Pollution– Public Health ServicePublic Health Service

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Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life

Urban PovertyUrban Poverty– Salvation ArmySalvation Army

Crime and ViolenceCrime and Violence– High Crime RatesHigh Crime Rates

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Strains of Urban LifeStrains of Urban Life

The Machine and the BossThe Machine and the Boss– Boss RuleBoss Rule– Graft and CorruptionGraft and Corruption– Reasons for Boss RuleReasons for Boss Rule

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The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption

Middle-Class CultureMiddle-Class Culture

Patterns of Income and ConsumptionPatterns of Income and Consumption– Rising IncomeRising Income– New Merchandising TechniquesNew Merchandising Techniques

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The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption

Chain Stores and Mail-Order HousesChain Stores and Mail-Order Houses– Chain StoresChain Stores– Social Consequences of Mail-Order CatalogsSocial Consequences of Mail-Order Catalogs

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The Rise of Mass ConsumptionThe Rise of Mass Consumption

Department StoresDepartment Stores– Impact of the Department StoreImpact of the Department Store

Women as ConsumersWomen as Consumers– National Consumers LeagueNational Consumers League

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Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society

Redefining LeisureRedefining Leisure– New Conceptions of LeisureNew Conceptions of Leisure– Simon PattenSimon Patten– Public LeisurePublic Leisure

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Amusement park in Ohio (Library of Congress)

Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society

Spectator SportsSpectator Sports– Major League BaseballMajor League Baseball– Growth of College FootballGrowth of College Football– Gambling and Gambling and

SportsSports

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Woman with a royal flush (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society

Music and TheaterMusic and Theater– Ethnic TheaterEthnic Theater– VaudevilleVaudeville

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Hammerstein Theater (Library of Congress)

Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society

The MoviesThe Movies– The Birth of a NationThe Birth of a Nation

Working-Class LeisureWorking-Class Leisure– Importance of the SaloonImportance of the Saloon

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Leisure in the Consumer SocietyLeisure in the Consumer Society

The Fourth of JulyThe Fourth of July– Importance of the Fourth of JulyImportance of the Fourth of July

Mass CommunicationsMass Communications– Emergence of Newspaper ChainsEmergence of Newspaper Chains

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Fourth of July salute, 1893 (Library of Congress)

High Culture in the Age of the CityHigh Culture in the Age of the City

The Literature of Urban AmericaThe Literature of Urban America– Social RealismSocial Realism

Art in the Age of the CityArt in the Age of the City– Ashcan SchoolAshcan School

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High Culture in the Age of the CityHigh Culture in the Age of the City

The Impact of DarwinismThe Impact of Darwinism– ““Natural Selection”Natural Selection”– ““Pragmatism”Pragmatism”– Growth of AnthropologyGrowth of Anthropology

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Charles Darwin (Library of Congress)

High Culture in the Age of the CityHigh Culture in the Age of the City

Toward Universal SchoolingToward Universal Schooling– Spread of Public EducationSpread of Public Education– ““Land-Grant” InstitutionsLand-Grant” Institutions

Education for WomenEducation for Women– Women’s CollegesWomen’s Colleges

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University of Minnesota, c. 1900 (Library of Congress)