ALBUM OF TYPE
STRUCTURAL
SOLUTIONS
FOR THE USE OF GEOSYNTHETICS MANUFACTURED BY
ULTRASTAB LLC, FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION
EDITION 1
MOSCOW, 2015
Introduction
Scope of application
Regulatory references
Terms and definitions
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
Application of the ULTRASTAB materials for reinforcing the road pavement and broadening the motor road
Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing asphalt concrete pads using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT
geowebs
Embankments with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Standard operating procedures for earth works using the ULTRANIT geowebs
Combined use of the ULTRANIT geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb is used
for bogs of category II
Use of the ULTRANIT geoweb when constructing railway embankments
Embankments with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Standard operating procedures for earth works with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Reinforced ground works (supporting walls)
Slopes with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D
Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geowebs
Safety precautions when performing works
Environmental protection
Literature reference
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10
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78
Contents
• The ULTRANIT geoweb is a polyester geoweb for reinforcing the road
structure foundations between interlayers of inert materials. (STO
46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark).
It is used for road structures and for weak foundations as a reinforcing
interlayer, providing general stability of the embankment, it prevents
penetration of breakstone material into the lower layer of sandy soil, which
provides a stable thickness of inert materials that allows to avoid formation
of various defects of the road (cracks, potholes, blowups, track runs) and
by this extending the operation life and reducing costs for this motor road
maintenance.
• The ULTRANIT geoweb is a polyester geoweb with nonwoven pad of
polypropylene or polyester (Dornit type). (STO 46487778-002-2015
“Woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark). The main
particularities of this material are: possibility of application as a reinforcing
and drainage interlayer, which shall remove excessive moisture from the
structure of road layers, perform a function of reinforcing the foundation.
Permeability level and water filtration factor in a road structure depend on
the thickness of the nonwoven pad (100 g/m2, 400 g/m2, 800 g/m2, etc.).
• • The ULTRANIT 3D geoweb is a woven polyester 3D geoweb for
reinforcement of slopes and embankments, for protection of coasts of
rivers and ponds, performs the functions of reinforcing, draining, for the
period of the vegetable layer development in slope parts of embankments
and cuts, as well as increases their stability to wind and water erosions,
and suffusion processes. (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester
geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”).
3
Introduction
The present Album comprises structural solutions for a possibility to use
geosynthetics manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC, in accordance with
design solutions when constructing, reconstructing and repairing motor
roads, railway tracks, urban streets, aerodromes, passages, sites and
landfills.
The use of geosynthetics in severe weather or soil and hydrological
conditions can be more essential in the context of operability and transport
operating reliability of the structure, than obtaining a one-time cost saving.
Domestic and foreign experience of the use of geosynthetics shows their
multipurpose usefulness (large field for application), economical efficiency
(reduction of costs for construction and operation, economy of
construction materials, reduction of terms for work performance, increase
of inter-maintenance periods), environmental friendliness.
All solutions related to the use of geosynthetics shall be based on the
design solutions developed considering the appropriate documents.
Scope of application
Geosynthetics manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC and their intended
purpose:
• The ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb is a polyester geoweb for
reinforcing and crack stopping in asphalt concrete pavements, with
nonwoven pad burning under influence of high temperatures from
asphalt concrete, and provides the improved adhesion between the
road pavement layers. (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester
geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”). It performs the function of
reinforcing and is used in asphalt concrete layers for the road
pavement, in order to improve transport operating performance of the
road, to extend its service life, to extend the process of various defects
occurrence on the pavement (cracks, potholes, tracing ruts, etc).
The ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is a woven high resistant geotextile
(geofabric) up to 1600 kN/m made of polyester. (STO 46487778-001-
20151 “Woven polyester geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). It is
resistant to ultraviolet radication, water permeable, has a long-term
stability to biologic, chemical and physical impact. It is used for
reinforcement and separation in road, hydrotechnical construction, in
construction of pipelines, temporary roads, access routes, warehouse
sites and complexes, waste storages. When placed between the soil and
the filler, the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is intended to increase the
carrying capability of the foundation and stability of the whole embankment
in general. When constructing earth support structures, the ULTRASTAB
woven geofabric significantly facilitates the erection of embankments on
weak foundations.
These materials are developed for use in the following types of
construction works:
• Construction of embankments on weak foundations (clay soil, bogs of
all types, high humidity soils, waterlogged peats and in permafrost
conditions)
• Construction of motor roads of various categories
• Construction of railways
• Construction of bridges, tunnels
• Construction of dikes and dams
• Construction of architectural and landscape impoundments
• Construction of aerodromes (runways, taxiways and parking areas)
• Construction of high load sites
• Reinforcement of slopes (anti-erosion protection)
• Greening and reinforcing the surface of slopes for reinforced ground
retaining walls
Regulatory documents to the following standards are used in the
present album:
GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT Organization of training for safety and health at
work GOST 12.1.044-89 Fire and explosion hazard of substances and
materials
GOST 25100-95 Soils. Classification
GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel of solid rocks for construction
works GOST 3344-83 Slag crushed stone and slag sand for road
construction
GOST 23558-94 Crushed stone-gravel-sandy mixtures, and soils treated by
inorganic binders for road and airfield construction. Technical Specifications
GOST 12801-98 Materials on the basis of organic binders for road and
airfield construction. Test methods
GOST 22245-90 Viscous petroleum road bitumens. Technical
Specifications
GOST 18659-81 Cationic road bituminous emulsions. Technical
Specifications
GOST 9128-97 Asphaltic concrete mixtures for roads, aerodromes and
asphaltic concrete
GOST 30412-96 Automobile roads and airfields. Unevenness measurement
methods for base courses and pavements
GOST R 55028-2012 Automobile roads of general use. Geosynthetics for
road construction. Classification, terms and definitions
GOST R 55029-2012 Automobile roads of general use. Geosynthetics for
reinforcement of asphalt concrete layers of road pavement. Technical
requirements
Regulatory
references
The following terms and definitions are used the present album.
Motor road: engineering facility designed for movement of vehicles. The
main components are as follows: earth bed, road pavement, driveway,
roadsides, engineering and linear structures, and all types of environment.
Embankment base: underlying natural soil with undisturbed structure on
which earth bed is arranged.
Road pavement: multilayer structure within the driveway of motor road
bearing the load from a vehicle and transferring it to the soil.
Road covering: the upper part of the road pavement bearing the wheels
forces from vehicles and subjected to a direct impact of atmospheric factors.
Roadside: sideway of the earth bed on both sides between its edge and the
driveway edge, designed for protecting the road pavement edges against
destruction, for involuntary stop of a vehicle in case of failure, for arrangement
of stopping bands, barriers, warning lights and other means providing traffic
safety. Roadsides can be rough (soil) and reinforced with asphalt concrete or
cement concrete, local materials (breakstone, gravel, slag) or grass seeding.
The roadside width is regulated depending on the road category.
Earth bed: structure designed for arranging structural layers of the road
pavement and other road components. It is erected of loose and imported
soils with provision of stability of the earth bed, its roadsides, slopes and
natural underlaying soils. The earth bed comprises water drain facilities:
ditches, dikes, pits, drainage facilities, etc.
Embankment: engineering earth facility arranged of natural and (or)
manmade soils, within which the whole surface of earth bed is located above
the ground level.
Slope part: part of the embankment located between the slope surface and
vertical plane, passing through the edge of the earth bed; for the cut - a part
of soil body located from the side of earth bed and limited with vertical plane
passing through the cut edge.
Supplementary layers of the foundations (frost protection, heat
insulation, drainage) are: Layers between the foundation and the top of the
earth bed working layer providing frost protection and drainage of the road
pavement in the upper part.
of the earth pad.
Geosynthetics (GS): class of construction materials, which are as a rule,
synthetic, and made of other raw materials, supplied in a compact fold form
(rolls, blocks, plates, etc.), designed for creation of supplementary layers
(interlayers) of various purpose (reinforcing, draining, protective, filtering,
waterproof, heat insulating) in construction.
The upper part of the earth bed (working layer): Part of the earth bed
located within the earth bed from the bottom of the road pavement at 2/3 of
frost depth, but of 1.5 m as minimum from the surface of the driveway
covering.
Soft soils: cohesive soils with shear strength of 0.075 MPa as minimum in
natural occurrence conditions (when testing using a rotary cutting device) or
sagging modulus over 50 mm/m with load of 0.25 MPa (deformation modulus
less than 5 MPa). If these tests are not performed, the soft soils shall
comprise: peat and peaty soils, silts, sapropels, clay soils with consistency
index over 0.5, postglacial clay sediments, salt flat soils.
Geowebs: roll cell material consisting of high resistant yarns interlaced at a
straight angle, covered with a protective layer, with the same cell size.
Geofabric – flat water permeable polymer (synthetic or natural) textiles,
nonwoven, woven or bound, used in geotechnical engineering or other
construction fields, in contact with soil and/or other construction materials.
Geotextile term combines two large groups of geosynthetics - nonwoven
geotextile fabric and geofabrics.
Woven geofabric (geotextile): textile manufactured using interlacing (as a rule
at a straight angle) of two or more fibers of yarns.
Bog categories:
I. category – filled with swamps the durability of which in natural state provides
a possibility to erect the embankment with height up to 3 m without process of
soil lateral extrusion;
II. category – containing within the bog depth at least one layer which can be
extruded with certain intensity of the embankment erection with height up to
3 m, but not extruded with lower intensity of the embankment erection;
III. category – containing within the bog depth at least one layer which is
extruded when erecting the embankment up to 3 m regardless the intensity of
the embankment erection.
Terms and definitions
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
The ULTRANIT ASPHALT is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester
geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”). For reinforcing and crack stopping in asphalt concrete pavements.
The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT
ASPHALT material
Manufacturer gives a warranty for the compliance of the manufactured products with the requirements of the Corporate
standard STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester geoweb of Ultranit trademark” if transportation and storage
conditions are observed. The geoweb shall comply with the requirements of STO 46487778-002-2015 “Woven polyester
geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”. Incoming inspection of physical and mechanical performance of the geoweb shall be
performed in accordance with the procedures specified in STO.
Name
Parameters
Ra
w m
ate
ria
ls
Po
lym
er
co
ati
ng
Su
rfa
ce
den
sit
y,
g/m
2
Tensile strength in longitudinal direction / in transversal direction,
kN/m
Ce
ll s
ize
, m
m
Specific elongation at maximal load in
longitudinal direction / in transversal direction, %
Co
rro
sio
n r
es
ista
nce
, %
Re
pe
ate
d f
ree
ze
-th
aw
sta
bil
ity
(fro
st
res
ista
nc
e),
%, a
s
min
imu
m
Re
sis
tan
ce
to
me
ch
an
ica
l
da
ma
ge
, w
ith
cy
clic
lo
ad
s, %
, a
s
min
imu
m
Re
sis
tan
ce
to
wea
the
r ex
po
su
re,
%,
as
min
imu
m
Standard dimensions
of rolls
Win
din
g, m
Wid
th,
m
1. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 35/35-35
Po
lyeste
r (P
ET
)
Po
lym
er-
bitum
en
im
pre
gna
tion
270 35/35 35x35 12(±3)/12(±3)
90
90
95
90
50
– 3
00
5.2
2. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 40/40-40 300 40/40 40x40 12(±3)/12(±3)
3. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 50/50-20 320 50/50 20x20 12(±3)/12(±3)
4. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 50/50-40 320 50/50 40x40 12(±3)/12(±3)
5. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 50/50-50 320 50/50 50x50 12(±3)/12(±3)
6. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 60/60-40 380 60/60 40x40 12(±3)/12(±3)
7. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 75/75-50 400 75/75 50x50 12(±3)/12(±3)
8. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 100/100-20 680 100/100 20x20 12(±3)/12(±3)
9. ULTRANIT ASPHALT 100/100-40 680 100/100 40x40 12(±3)/12(±3)
* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT geoweb
The ULTRANIT is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-001-20151 “Woven polyester
geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). For reinforcing (strengthening) the road pavement and separating contact layers.
The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the
Ultranit material
Name
Parameters
Raw
ma
teri
als
Po
lym
er
co
ati
ng
Su
rfa
ce
den
sit
y,
g/m
2
Tensile strength in longitudinal direction / in transversal
direction, kN/m Cell
siz
e,
mm
Tensile strength Specific elongation at
maximal load in longitudinal direction / in transversal direction, %
Co
rro
sio
n r
es
ista
nce
, %
Rep
ea
ted
fre
eze
-th
aw
sta
bil
ity
(fro
st
res
ista
nc
e),
%, a
s
min
imu
m
Res
ista
nc
e t
o m
ech
an
ica
l
da
ma
ge
, w
ith
cy
clic
lo
ad
s,
%,
as
min
imu
m
Res
ista
nc
e t
o w
ea
the
r ex
po
su
re,
%,
as
min
imu
m
Standard dimensions
of rolls
2%
,
lon
git
ud
ina
l/
tran
sv
ers
al,
kN
/m
5%
,
lon
git
ud
ina
l/
tran
sv
ers
al,
kN
/m
Win
din
g, m
Wid
th,
m
1 ULTRANIT 35/35-30
Po
lyeste
r (P
ET
)
Po
lyvin
yl ch
lori
de
(P
VC
)
270 35/35 30x30 7/7 10/10 12(±3)/12(±3)
90
90
95
90
50
– 3
00
5.2
2 ULTRANIT 40/40-35 350 40/40 35x35 9/9 13/13 12(±3)/12(±3)
3 ULTRANIT 50/50-20 400 50/50 20x20 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)
4 ULTRANIT 50/50-40 400 50/50 40x40 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)
5 ULTRANIT 50/50-50 400 50/50 50x50 9/9 20/20 12(±3)/12(±3)
6 ULTRANIT 50/30-20 410 50/30 20x20 9/9 20/8 12(±3)/12(±3)
7 ULTRANIT 60/60-40 540 60/60 40x40 10/10 22/22 12(±3)/12(±3)
8 ULTRANIT 80/30-20 470 80/30 20x20 14/14 26/9 12(±3)/12(±3)
9 ULTRANIT 80/80-30 530 80/80 30x30 16/5 26/26 12(±3)/12(±3)
10 ULTRANIT 100/100-20 650 100/100 20x20 18/18 30/30 12(±3)/12(±3)
11 ULTRANIT 110/30-20 500 110/30 20x20 22/5 33/9 12(±3)/12(±3)
12 ULTRANIT 150/30-30 650 150/30 30x30 27/5 50/9 12(±3)/12(±3)
13 ULTRANIT 200/200-50 700 200/200 50x50 35/35 55/55 12(±3)/12(±3)
* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRASTAB trademark woven polyester geofabric
The ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is a woven geotextile (geofabric) made of polyester, manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC (STO 46487778-
001-2015 “woven polyester geofabric of ULTRASTAB trademark”). For reinforcement and separation in road, hydrotechnical construction, in
construction of pipelines, temporary roads, access routes, warehouse sites and complexes, waste storages. When placed between the soil
and the filler, the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric is intended to increase the carrying capability of the foundation and stability of the whole
embankment in general. The main strength and deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Name
Parameters
Raw
mate
rials
Su
rface d
en
sit
y, g
/m2
Tensile strength in longitudinal direction/in
transversal direction, kN/m
Tensile strength with 6% elongation (longitudinal
direction), kN/m
Specific elongation at maximal load in
longitudinal direction/in transversal direction, %
Corrosion resistance, pH
Creep flow (elongation in
2 years at 50% load), %
Resis
tan
ce t
o u
ltra
vio
let
rad
iati
on
, %
Standard dimensions of rolls
Win
din
g, m
Wid
th, m
1 ULTRASTAB 40/40
Poly
este
r (P
ET
)
160 40/40 25 ≤10/≤18
2.0
–9.5
1
resis
tant
50 –
300
5.2
2 ULTRASTAB 80/80 320 80/80 50 ≤10/≤18
3 ULTRASTAB 100/50 230 100/50 60 ≤10/≤18
4 ULTRASTAB 100/100 350 100/100 60 ≤10/≤18
5 ULTRASTAB 150/50 350 150/50 75 ≤10/≤18
6 ULTRASTAB 150/150 500 150/150 75 ≤10/≤18
7 ULTRASTAB 200/50 430 200/50 100 ≤10/≤18
8 ULTRASTAB 200/200 680 200/200 100 ≤10/≤18
9 ULTRASTAB 300/50 550 300/50 100 ≤10/≤18
50 –
200
10 ULTRASTAB 300/100 680 300/100 150 ≤10/≤18
11 ULTRASTAB 400/50 830 400/50 200 ≤10/≤18
12 ULTRASTAB 400/100 900 400/100 200 ≤10/≤18
13 ULTRASTAB 600/50 1150 600/50 300 ≤10/≤18
14 ULTRASTAB 600/100 1230 600/100 300 ≤10/≤18
15 ULTRASTAB 800/50 1350 800/50 400 ≤10/≤18
16 ULTRASTAB 800/100 1450 800/100 400 ≤10/≤18
17 ULTRASTAB 1000/50 1700 1000/50 500 ≤10/≤18
18 ULTRASTAB 1000/100 1800 1000/100 500 ≤10/≤18
19 ULTRASTAB 1200/100 2350 1200/100 600 ≤10/≤18
20 ULTRASTAB 1600/100 2750 1600/100 800 ≤10/≤18
* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRASTAB geofabric can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.
Main physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
The ULTRANIT 3D is a polyester geoweb manufactured by ULTRASTAB LLC. For anti-erosion protection, reinforcement of
embankment slopes, serves as a temporary or permanent elements performing, first of all, the protective function: of the
covering of slope extending or preventing its erosion under water and wind action; of the reinforcement increasing stability
of soils of the slope surface area; of the filter preventing removal of particles with ground water. The main strength and
deformation properties are given in the Table of physical and mechanical performance of the ULTRANIT 3D material
Name
Parameters
Raw
ma
teri
als
Po
lym
er
co
ati
ng
Su
rfa
ce
den
sit
y,
g/m
2
Tensile strength in longitudinal direction /
in transversal direction, kN/m
Cell
siz
e,
mm
Specific elongation at maximal load in
longitudinal direction / in transversal direction,
%
Co
rro
sio
n r
es
ista
nce
, %
Rep
ea
ted
fre
eze
-th
aw
sta
bil
ity
(fro
st
res
ista
nc
e),
%, a
s
min
imu
m
Res
ista
nc
e t
o m
ech
an
ica
l
da
ma
ge
, w
ith
cy
clic
lo
ad
s, %
, a
s
min
imu
m
Res
ista
nc
e t
o w
ea
the
r ex
po
su
re,
%,
as
min
imu
m
Standard dimensions
of rolls
Win
din
g, m
Wid
th,
m
1 ULTRANIT 3D – 20
Po
lyeste
r (P
ET
)
Po
lyvin
yl ch
lori
de
(P
VC
)
200 20 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)
90
90
95
90
50
– 3
00
5.2
2 ULTRANIT 3D – 30 300 30 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)
3 ULTRANIT 3D – 35 350 35 20x6 12(±3)/12(±3)
4 ULTRANIT 3D – 40 400 40 20x15 12(±3)/12(±3)
5 ULTRANIT 3D – 50 430 50 20x15 12(±3)/12(±3)
6 ULTRANIT 3D – 60 450 60 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)
7 ULTRANIT 3D – 90 550 90 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)
8 ULTRANIT 3D – 120 620 120 30x15 12(±3)/12(±3)
* Manufacturer is not responsible for modification of the material properties due to environmental impact and/or its incorrect implementation in designs. ** By individual requirements of the customer, the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb can be manufactured with various physical and mechanical parameters.
Application of the ULTRASTAB materials for reinforcing the road pavement and broadening the motor road
Road pavement with the use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
for roads of technical category II
Grass seeding in the layer of vegetable soil
Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering ULTRANIT
ASPHALT geowebLower layer of asphalt concrete
covering foundation of road pavement
Supplementary layer of foundation
Soil of the earth pad
Broadening the earth pad and the driveway on both sides
with combined use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb, the ULTRANIT geoweb
Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Lower layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Black breakstone
ULTRANIT ASF geoweb
Fractioned breakstone
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRANIT geoweb
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRANIT geoweb
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRANIT geoweb
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRANIT geoweb
Earth foundation
Road pavement of permanent type with the use of
the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering
Lower layer of asphalt concrete covering
ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
Flattening layer of asphalt concrete
covering Breakstone-sand-cement mix
Process interlayer
Soil of the earth pad (fine sand)
Reinforcing roadsides using fractioned breakstone
Grass seeding in the layer of vegetable soil
Road pavement of permanent type with the use of the ULTRANIT
ASPHALT geoweb and the ULTRANIT geocomposite (with
nonwoven pad)
Tra
ffic
str
ip a
xis
Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering
Existing road pavement
ULTRANIT geoweb
Flattening layer
ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soil of the earth pad
Upper layer of asphalt concrete covering
Lower layer of asphalt concrete covering
Flattening asphalt concrete layer
Foundation of road pavement (breakstone, gravel)
Existing structure of the road pavement broadening
Grass seeding in the fertile soil layer
ground water level
Road pavement with the use of the ULTRANIT ASPHALT and
the ULTRANIT geowebs
ULTRANIT geoweb
Process interlayer
Foundation of road pavement
Asphalt concrete pavement
Existing road pavement
Soil of the earth pad
Flattening layer of asphalt concrete covering
ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
Asphalt concrete pavement
Existing road pavement
Soil of the earth
pad
Particular features of the standard operating procedures for reinforcing asphalt
concrete pads using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geowebs
General Provisions
Reinforcement of asphalt concrete using the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geowebs makes no significant modifications to the standard operating procedures
(only operations on arrangement of the material interlayer are introduced). The accepted length of a work grip does not depend on the availability of a
geoweb, but it is preferable to observe the rate of the work grip length to the length of material per roll.
Preparatory works
Prior to laying the geoweb, it is required to perform works on filling potholes, pockets, cracks, etc. The lower layer surface shall be dried, cleared out from
dust and dirt, and redried. Flatness of the lower layer surface shall comply with the applicable requirements. It is recommended to transport the geoweb
rolls to the work site directly prior to the laying, distribute them by the length of work grip at the distance equal to the length of material per roll. Prior to
perform works on laying, the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb shall be in its original package. It is prohibited to subject the rolls with torn package to the
sunlight. Bitumen as well as bitumen emulsion can be used as a binding agent for the tack coat. Bitumen flow rate is determined according to the standard
application value - from 0.5 up to 0.8 l/m2, emulsion flow rate is determined according to the standard application value - from 0.6 up to 1.1 l/m2. Standard
values and number of applications shall be clarified for specific work conditions. Tack coat of asphalt concrete covering shall be performed in any case
(even if laying of the lower and the upper layers is performed in parallel). Width of application shall be 10-15 cm greater than the geoweb width. The
geoweb shall be delivered to the site in parallel with performance of preparatory works in the scope required for execution of the shift works scope.
Laying the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb
The geoweb laying shall begin from the package removal. The geoweb is laid with a light tension, with a setback of 0.1 m as minimum from the edge,
without distortions, with overlapping of fabrics in transversal and longitudinal directions of 0.10 - 0.15 m as minimum. The roll shall be performed after
supplementary fastening of the geoweb end part, using expansion bolts choked into the foundation through metallic washers using a plug-driving gun or a
hammer, each 1.0-1.3 m in width (sometimes power staplers are used for fixing the web in units using metallic staples). This operation allows to give a
tension to the geoweb when unwinding the roll.
Road pavement of permanent type with the use of
the ULTRANIT ASPHALT geoweb and the ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb (with nonwoven pad)
The geoweb fastening in longitudinal direction shall be performed with a pitch of 3.0-5.0 m, and in transversal direction with a pitch of 1.0-1.3 m;
In case of displacement of the geoweb which results in wave formation, it is recommended to perform the following process operations:
•throwing the asphalt concrete mix manually or mechanically (using a sand spreader) in a layer of breakstone along the whole surface, and honing with a
combined (air driven) roller in 2-3 passes;
•reduce the geoweb fastening pitch in longitudinal direction.
Local reinforcing
For local reinforcing, geofabrics with width of 1.0 m as minimum are used above transversal and longitudinal seams of the old fracture-blocked foundation.
At this it is necessary to pay specific attention to two issues: firstly, accurate location of transversal seams shall be marked prior to laying of the flattening
layer using pins, pegs, etc., installing these marks on both sides at the edge of the foundation; secondly, the geoweb stripes shall be supplementary fixed
using expansion bolts, nails or staples. Necessity of supplementary fixing of the geofabrics to the layer of asphalt concrete shall be determined for each
specific case.
Work
type
Pro
ce
ss o
rde
r o
f co
nstr
uctio
n p
roce
du
re
I.Foundation preparation
II.Laying a bed of the Ultranit 3D
geoweb in parallel with the road
axis
III. Transportation of asphalt-concrete
IV.Laying asphalt-concrete
V.Compaction
Embankments with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Road pavement of transient and inferior types
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Covering of inferior or transient type
ULTRANIT geoweb
Soil of the embankment mass
Temporary access route
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Soft soils (peats, sandy loams, loams)
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with a pad
Soil of the embankment mass (sand and gravel mix, sand)
Embankment in permafrost soils
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geoweb
Limits of permafrost after the embankment erection
Limits of permafrost prior to the embankment erection
Embankment with arrangement of thermal insulation layer in
permafrost area with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
Thermal insulation material
ULTRANIT geoweb
Limits of permafrost after the embankment erection
Limits of permafrost prior to the embankment erection
Embankment of height up to 6 m of high humidity soils on a
solid foundation with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Transient layer
ULTRANIT geoweb
High humidity soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Earth foundation
Embankment of height from 6 to 12 m of high humidity soils
on a solid foundation with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Road covering
Transient layer
ULTRANIT geoweb
High humidity soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
High humidity soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
High humidity soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Earth foundation
Embankment on a weak foundation with arrangement of a
flexible grid
made of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Pile
Road covering
Soil of the earth pad
Rocky soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Rocky soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Rocky soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Pile field of rigid in-situ or bore piles
Earth foundation
Embankments on waterlogged soils
with the use of the ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb (with
nonwoven pad)
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass (sand and gravel mix, sand)
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soft soils (peats, sands)
Use of the ULTRANIT geocomposite (with nonwoven pad)
in the embankment with a high level of ground water
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Backfilled soil (sand)
Soil of the earth pad
Ditch Max. GWL
GWL
Ice crossing reinforced
with the ULTRANIT geoweb
Compacted snow layer
Artificially frozen ice layer
ULTRANIT geoweb
Natural ice covering
Water
Water basin bottom
Snow
bank
Snow
bank
Road pavement for process and permanent roads
with the use of pavement slabs and the ULTRANIT
geoweb
Road pavement for temporary and process roads
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Reinforced concrete slab (road, aerodrome)
Granite fractioned breakstone (fractions of 40-
70 mm) ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine or medium grain sand
Earth foundation
Granite fractioned breakstone (fractions of 40-70 mm)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine or medium grain sand
Earth foundation
Road side of motor roads of category I, II with a
stopping band,
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Road pavement of light type
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Dense asphalt concrete mix
Breakstone-gravel-sand mix, breakstone, slag
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
Earth foundation
Asphalt concrete pavement
Breakstone sand mix (breakstone, slag)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine or medium grain sand
Earth foundation
Unsolid road pavement of permanent type
with asphalt concrete covering
and the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Solid road pavement of permanent type
with cement concrete covering
and the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Lower layer of large grain asphalt concrete
Breakstone sand mix (breakstone, slag)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
Earth foundation
Cement concrete pavement
Flattening layer
Breakstone sand mix (breakstone, slag)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
Earth foundation
Roadside of motor roads of category I, II without
stopping band
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Roadside of motor roads of category I, II without
stopping band
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Breakstone-gravel-sand mix, breakstone, slag
Embankment soil
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
Breakstone, breakstone-gravel-sand mix, slag, mud
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
Embankment soil
Structure of the road pavement for sites and parkings for high load sites
with the use of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Lower layer of large grain asphalt concrete
Granite breakstone with fraction of 40-70 mm
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine or medium grain sand
Earth foundation
Standard operating procedures for earth works using the ULTRANIT geowebs
When backfilling the embankment with the use of the geoweb interlayers, the type diagram of standard operating procedures shall be completed with the
following operations: geoweb transportation to the works site, distribution of rolls on the site, their laying, fastening and, if necessary, interconnection of
fabrics.
The geoweb rolls shall be transported to the manufacturing works site directly prior to laying and distributed by the site length in a distance corresponding to
the fabric length per roll (for the purpose of hand labor reduction). The ULTRANIT geoweb overlapping on the top of the frame shall be 0.5 m as minimum.
The geoweb shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the design solutions.
Process diagram of arrangement of the ULTRANIT geoweb beds in one layer:
Process diagram of arrangement of the ULTRANIT geoweb beds in two
layers:
Work
type
Work
type
I. Foundation preparation II. Laying the ULTRANIT geoweb
III. Soil transportation IV.Soil spreading V. Compaction
Pro
cess o
rde
r o
f
co
nstr
uction
pro
ce
dure
Pro
cess o
rde
r o
f
co
nstr
uction
pro
ce
dure
I. Foundation preparation II. Laying the ULTRANIT geowebs in parallel to the road axis
III. Laying the ULTRANIT geowebs perpendicular to the road axis
IV.Soil transportation
V. Soil spreading VI.Compaction
Combined use of the ULTRANIT geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Embankment on permafrost soils with the use of the ULTRANIT
geoweb and the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Structure of the road pavement
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geoweb
High humidity soil
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Earth foundation
Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of
single-side incomplete near-edge trench drainage of the road
pavement and the ULTRANIT geocomposite
(with nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass
Road covering
Supplementary layer of sand
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soil of the embankment foundation
Cohesive soil (water impermeability layer)
Near-edge trench drainage
Sand Kf ≥ 3 m/day
Ditch
GWL
Arrangement of the road pavement using extraction of heaving soil,
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven textile and the ULTRANIT geoweb
PEAT
TYPE I
PEAT
TYPE I
Asphalt concrete pavement
Fractioned breakstone
ULTRANIT geoweb
Foundation of road pavement
Sand soil (peat substitute)
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of double-
side near-edge trench drainage of the road pavement and the
ULTRANIT geocomposite (with nonwoven pad)
in the soil of the embankment mass
GWL
Near-edge trench drainage
drainage from the water drain pipe in the breakstone wrapping of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
hydraulic grade line
Road covering
Supplementary layer of sand
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soil of the embankment foundation
Cohesive soil (water impermeability layer)
Sand Kf ≥ 3 m/day
Ditch
Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of single-
side complete under-ditch trench drainage with the ULTRANIT
geocomposite (nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass
filter made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric around the sand
backfilling of the trench
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soil of the embankment foundation
Cohesive soil (water impermeability layer)
Near-edge trench drainage filled with sand with Kf ≥ 3 m/day
Ditch GWL
hydraulic grade line
Use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric for the structure of double-
side under-ditch trench drainage and the ULTRANIT geocomposite
(with nonwoven pad) in the soil of the embankment mass
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRANIT geocomposite geoweb with nonwoven pad
Soil of the embankment foundation
Cohesive soil (water impermeability layer)
Under-ditch trench drainage filled with sand with Kf ≥ 3 m/day
Ditch GWL
hydraulic grade line
Embankment on clay soils (inside the frame made of the
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric) and the interlayer made of the
ULTRANIT geoweb
Transient type covering (breakstone, rocky soil)
ULTRANIT geoweb laid in parallel to the road axis, on the top of the frame
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis
Compiled soil
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis
Soft soils (clays, waterlogged loams, sandy loams)
Unsolid road pavement of permanent type
with asphalt concrete covering reinforced
with the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the
ULTRANIT geoweb
Road pavement of permanent and
light type with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven
geofabric
and the ULTRANIT geoweb
Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Lower layer of large grain asphalt concrete
Breakstone sand mix (breakstone, slag)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Earth foundation
Breakstone, breakstone-gravel-sand mix, slag, mud
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine sand Kf >1 m/day
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Embankment soil
Solid road pavement of permanent type with the
use of pavement slabs, the ULTRANIT geoweb and
the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
High load site (double-layer reinforcement) using
materials:
the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT
geoweb
Reinforced concrete slab (road, aerodrome)
ULTRANIT geoweb
Sand layer
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Earth foundation
ULTRANIT geoweb
Granite fractioned breakstone
Sand (process layer)
Fractioned breakstone
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Upper layer of fine grain asphalt concrete
Lower layer of large grain asphalt concrete
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fine or medium grain sand ULTRASTAB
woven geofabric
Backfilled soil
Earth foundation
Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb used for
bogs of category II
Laying of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric shall be performed on a prepared foundation (compacted and profiled).
The geotextile shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the design solutions for arrangement in the
earth bed. The rest of material shall be packed and deposit to a warehouse.
When arranging the interlayer of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric in the foundation of the embankment arranged on soft soils, preparation can be
performed, if there is no risk of material damage.
When using tow geosynthetics in the structure, firstly, one layer shall be laid in longitudinal direction, and then - in transversal direction relative to the
embankment axis. Laying the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric and the ULTRANIT geoweb shall be performed manually by 3-4 roadmen.
Rolls shall be unwound with overlapping according to the design, but of 0.3 m as minimum.
Fastening of geosynthetic fabrics is determined when designing the specific structures, and in cases of high wind loads its is required to use anchors for
fixing geowebs manufactured in-situ of metal wire in the form of U or L-shaped staples (anchors). Fastening is performed with periodic flattening of the
fabric and its light longitudinal tension per each 10-15 m. Anchors - rods with diameter of 3 – 5 mm, 10 – 20 cm with deflected upper and sharpened lower
ends.
Backfilling of the layer to the geotextile is performed outwards without entering of machinery involved in construction. Thickness of the backfilled layer in
solid volume shall be 30 cm as minimum, and when arranging the interlayer of geosynthetics on a weak foundation – 40 cm as minimum.
Work
type
Pro
cess o
rde
r o
f
co
nstr
uction
pro
ce
dure
I. Foundation preparation; II. Laying the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric in perpendicular to the road axis
III. Laying the ULTRANIT geoweb in parallel to the road axis
IV. Arrangement of the 1st layer of the embankment; V. Wrapping the load frame
VI. Arrangement of the following layers of the embankment on the frame top
Use of the ULTRANIT
geoweb
when constructing railway
embankments
Construction of railways
using the ULTRANIT geoweb
Clean ballast
ULTRANIT geoweb
Dirty ballast
Drainage soil layer
Soil of the earth pad
Reinforcing ballast layers
using the ULTRANIT geoweb
Fractioned breakstone ballast 20-40 mm
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fractioned breakstone ballast 20-40 mm
Soil of the earth pad
Reinforcing ballast layers using the load frame with the use
of the ULTRANIT geoweb
Clean ballast
ULTRANIT geoweb
Dirty ballast
ULTRANIT geoweb
Soil of the earth pad
Embankments with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Embankment on soft soils and in bogs of category I
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Soft soils (bog of category I)
Embankment in bogs of category II
(semi-frame of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric)
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Soft soils (bog of category II)
Embankment in bogs of category II
(inside the frame of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric)
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis (upper part of the frame)
Soil of the embankment mass inside the frame
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with fabric laying in perpendicular to the road axis (lower part of the frame)
Soft soils (bog of category II)
Embankment of coarse and sand soils on foundations of
subsidence category III-IV in the permafrost area with the use of
the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Limits of permafrost after the embankment erection
Limits of permafrost prior to the embankment erection
Embankment on a weak foundation reinforced using a flexible grid in
the form of a load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric on
piles
Pile
Road covering
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Weak earth foundation
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Pile field of rigid in-situ or bore piles
Earth foundation
Embankment on dry land in bog of category 1-2
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road covering
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Timber strip road
Soft soil
Embankment in wet areas and in bog of category 3
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road covering
Soil of the earth pad
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Double-coarse timber strip road
Soft soil
Embankment in wet areas
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road covering
Fractioned breakstone, rocky soil
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Soil in the frame
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Double-coarse timber strip road
Soft soil
Road pavement of transient type
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Road pavement of inferior type
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Inactive slag
Fine or medium grain sand
ULTRASTAB woven
geofabric
Earth foundation
Breakstone-gravel mix, soft stones, slag, stabilized soil
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Earth foundation
Roadsides of motor roads of category IV without stopping band
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Top soil
Break stone thin spread
Earth foundation
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Sand layer
Standard operating procedures for earth works
using the ULTRANIT woven geofabric
When backfilling the embankment with the use of the geofabric interlayers, the type diagram of standard operating procedures shall be completed with the
following operations: transportation of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric to the works site, distribution of rolls on the site, their laying, fastening and
interconnection of fabrics.
The woven geotextile rolls shall be transported to the manufacturing works site directly prior to laying and distributed by the site length in a distance
corresponding to the fabric length per roll (for the purpose of hand labor reduction). The Overlapping of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric on the top of the
frame shall be 0.5 m as minimum. The geotextile shall be cut into fabrics of the required length in compliance with the laying diagram approved by the
design solutions.
Process diagram of arrangement of the load frame made of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Work
type
Pro
cess o
rde
r o
f
co
nstr
uction
pro
ce
dure
I. Foundation preparation;
II. Laying the ULTRASTAB
woven geofabric;
III. Arrangement of the 1st layer
of the embankment on the
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
III. Wrapping the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric edges into the load frame
IV. Arrangement of further beds of the embankment on the top of the load frame using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Reinforced ground works (supporting walls)
Increase of the slopes stability
using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric, wrapping method
Fractioned
breakstone
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Fractioned
breakstone
Road covering
Soil of the embankment mass
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Soil of the earth pad
Construction of the embankment in hillside areas
with the use of the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric, wrapping
method, and the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb for anti-erosion
protection of slopes
Fractioned breakstone
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Berm spill-way
Terracing
Embankment soil
metallic anchor
reinforcing the embankment slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
Cuts with reinforcing slopes using the ULTRASTAB woven
geofabric and anti-erosion protection using the ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb in constraint environment
ULTRASTAB woven
geofabric
ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
ULTRASTAB woven
geofabric
ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
fertile soil with grass seeding
anchor ditch
fertile soil with grass seeding
anchor ditch
Reinforced ground supporting wall reinforced
using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric with gabion facing
ULTRANIT geoweb
ULTRASTAB woven geotextile
Gabions
Anch
ors
Reinforced ground supporting wall reinforced
using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
using wrapping method with concrete block facing
Concrete block
Anchors
ULTRANIT geoweb
Fractioned breakstone
ULTRASTAB
woven geofabric
Slopes with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb (geomat)
Structure of reinforcements for the embankment slopes and cuts with
steepness less than 1:1.5 using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
fertile layer with grass seeding
L-shaped anchor
Anti-erosion protection of slopes
with the use of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
Fertile layer with grass
seeding
Anchor ditch
ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb
Metallic anchor
Reinforcement of steep slopes of the embankments, cuts, supporting
walls using the ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
and anti-erosion protection of slopes using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb
ULTRASTAB woven geofabric
Fertile layer with grass
seeding
Reinforcement of overhead crossing abutments
using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb
Motor road
Reinforcing the cut slopes
using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb
ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb
Reinforcing slopes using
grass seeding Reinforcing slopes using
grass seeding
Particular features of the standard operating procedures for
reinforcing slopes
using the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
General Provisions
The use of the ULTRANIT 3D geowebs for protection of slopes against water and wind erosion makes no significant modifications to the standard operating
procedures (only operations on arrangement of the geoweb are introduced).
Preparatory works
Preparation of the abutment surface or embankment slopes (planning, removal of large foreign matters);
Preparation of a trench along the edge of the earth bed in order to fix the geoweb in its upper part. Preparation of a trench shall be performed, if no other
variant for geoweb fixing in the upper part of the slope is not provided, for example, using its laying under the structure of roadside soil stabilization. A trench
of V-shape with slopes embedding of 1:2 to the depth of 0.4 m or trapezoidal cross-section with slopes embedding of 1:1 to the depth of 0.3 m and width (in
bottom) of 0.2 m shall be arranged at the distance of 0.2 - 0.6 m from the earth bed edge;
Transportation of the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb rolls to the works site, their unloading and distribution along the slope, preparation of rolls for laying. The rolls
shall be transported and distributed along the edge, at a distance depending on the material length per roll and the slope length;
Process diagram of reinforcing slopes with the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
Work
type
Pro
cess o
rde
r o
f
co
nstr
uction
pro
ce
dure
I. Grading the
embankment slopes;
II. Arrangement of the
anchor ditch
III. Laying the ULTRANIT 3D
geoweb;
IV. Fixing the fabrics using steel anchors
V.Filling the anchoring ditches;
VI. Filling and flattening the vegetable soil;
VII. Grass seeding
Laying the ULTRANIT 3D geoweb
• The ULTRANIT 3D geoweb is laid from top downwards with its filling in the upper and the lower parts using anchors.
• Anchor trench shall be filled with sand and gravel mix, breakstone and loose soil, and compacted after the geoweb
laying.
• The adjacent fabrics shall be laid in parallel with overlapping of 0.15–0.20 m, with fastening using staples-anchors
with diameter of 3–5 mm, with length of 30 cm with deflected upper and sharpened lower ends. In the process of
laying, anchors and staples are installed in 2 points in width of the roll each 5 - 6 m of its length. Anchors and staples
are process components, in the process of the geoweb backfilling with soil they can be removed and used in other
areas. Works can be performed in one or two fields, to the right or to the left.
• Vegetable soil is backfilled over the geoweb using excavators, front side forklifts from top downwards, flattening and
compaction of the soil are performed with gradual displacement along the work field line. It is recommended to perform
seeding in the beginning of plant vegetation period which is the most favorable for their growth. Approximate seed rate
is 3–5 kg per 100 m2 of the reinforced area. One third is seeded on the open geoweb or on the slope surface prior to
laying and two-thirds – after the geoweb backfilling with vegetable soil. Thickness of the geoweb backfilling is 5–15 cm
depending on the design solution.
Safety precautions when performing works
• In addition to general safety rules provided in SNiP 12-03-99 [3] and GOST 12.3.033-84, it is required to observe
special requirements due to particular features of technological processes and regional conditions of construction.
• Persons who passed training and safety announcement in compliance with GOST 12.0.004-90, who know the safe
operation methods and procedures, are allowed for works.
• All personnel during works execution shall use individual safety equipment (ISE) provided according to the applicable
standards.
• If works are performed in close proximity with a driveway of motor roads, without traffic termination, the area shall be
protected using barriers in compliance with the Guidelines for traffic control and safety barriers at road construction
sites VSN 37-84 [8]. Organization of works in these cases shall comprise movement of vehicles operating on the road
side open for traffic. The place of works shall be lighted in compliance with applicable regulations. If works are
performed in winter and in open air, workers shall be provided with warm clothes and shoes, in summer - with insect
protection means.
Environmental protection
• In compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, during development of design documentation, it is
necessary to observe requirements of environmental safety, public health protection, use and restoration of
resources.
• Construction of motor roads and road facilities is prohibited without positive State Environmental Expert Review
approved in the established order.
• Laying of roads within the designated conservation areas (state parks and reservations, national and natural parks,
areas related to natural and cultural monuments, territories (water zones) of habitation of specially protected species
of flora and fauna, etc.) is allowed only in compliance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation in the
designated conservation areas.
• Technical solutions package for prevention and reduction of detrimental effect of the motor road and road structures
on environment, proposals on rational use of natural resources in construction, comparison of the solutions taken in
the approved environment impact assessment, with technical solutions and measures accepted in the design
documentation, shall be reflected in the design documentation package, in a specially developed section
“Environmental protection” (hereinafter - EP).
• All land areas assigned for temporary use for the road construction needs, at the end of construction shall be
brought into condition suitable for further use considering process conditions of owners and users of these lands.
Road zones of the existing roads not used at the end of road reconstruction, shall be brought to the condition
suitable for further use.
• When designing embankments over bogs with transversal water flowing relative to the road direction in water-
saturated horizon, the design shall provide measures avoiding modification of the bog by backfilling the
embankment or its lower part of drain materials, arrangement of longitudinal ditches along the earth bed, and if
necessary, man-made facilities, etc.
Literature reference
SNiP 2.02.04-88 Footings and foundations on the permafrost grounds
SNiP 2.05.02-85* Automobile roads
SNiP 3.06.03-85 Automobile roads
SNiP 32-03-96. Aerodromes
SNiP 3.06.06-88. Aerodromes
SNiP 2.05.08-85. Aerodromes
SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements
VSN 37-84 Guidelines for traffic control and safety barriers at road construction sites
VSN 84-89 Surveying, design, and construction of roads and highways in permafrost areas
VSN 137-89 Design, construction, and maintenance of roads used during cold weather in Siberia and the Northeastern USSR
VSN 195-83 Guidelines for survey and design of side roads in Siberia and Far East
“Design manual for roadbeds on weak soils” (to SNiP 2.05.02-85)
“Design manual for roadbed and drainage of railroads, and motor vehicle roads of industrial facilities” (to SNiP 2.05.07-85)
“Performance of earthworks in winter conditions.” Reference aid (2nd edition, revised and enlarged). Moscow – 1971
Guidelines for design of aerodrome pavement structures. FSUE “Aeroproject.”.2004.
Type solutions for recovering the carrying capability of earth bed and for providing durability and frost protection of the road pavement in heaving soil areas
of motor roads. Federal Road Agency. ROSAVTODOR. Moscow, 2000
Recommended practice for the use of reinforcing grids made of fiberglass in construction of flexible road pavements with gain foundation. Ministry of
transport construction. SOUZDORNII. Moscow 1988
ODM 218.5.005-2010 Classification, terms, definitions of geosynthetics as related to road industry. Federal Road Agency. ROSAVTODOR. Moscow 2010
Recommended practice for procedure of construction of earth bed of high humidity clay soils in non-black soil areas of the RSFSR. Ministry of transport
construction of the USSR. SOUZDORNII. Moscow, 1989.
ODM “Recommendations on application of geosynthetics in construction and repair of motor roads.” ROSAVTODOR, Moscow. 2003.
Guidelines for the use of polymers (foam plastics, geotextiles, geowebs, polymer drain pipes) for reinforcing earth bed when repairing roads. Ministry of
Railways of Russia. Moscow, 2002.
STO 46487778-002-2015 “woven polyester geoweb of ULTRANIT trademark”
STO 46487778-001-2015 “ULTRASTAB woven polyester geofabric”
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