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8/13/2019 Alcohol as Engine Fuel
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ALCOHOLASENGINEFUEL
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AGENDA
Need & Availability
Properties
Merits & Demerits
Production Safety & Storage
Application
Engine / Vehicle Modifications
Performance and Emission Characteristics in SI
engine
Performance and Emission Characteristics in CI
engine
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MERITS
Can be obtained from a number of sources, both
and natural and manufactured.
High octane fuel.
Produces low over all emissions when compared togasoline.
Low sulphur content in the fuel
High latent heat of vaporization Cooler intake
process.
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DE-MERITS
Low energy content.
Produces more aldehydes when combusted inside
an engine.
More corrosive than gasoline. Poor cold weather starting characteristics.
Almost invisible flames.
Danger of storage tank flammability due to low
vapor pressure. Possibility of vapor lock in fuel delivery system.
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PRODUCTION
Methanol
Steam reformation of natural gas.
Ethanol
From grains like corn
From sugar cane
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APPLICATION
Ethanol
As E85 or E10 ( Gasohol)
Methanol
As M85 or M10
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METHANOL
Most common mixtures
M85 (85% methanol & 15% gasoline)
M10 (10% methanol & 90% gasoline)
Advantages
10% decrease in gasoline use.
Very attractive fuel for developing countries.
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ETHANOL
Gasohol - a mixture of 90% gasoline
and 10% ethanol.
E10 reduces the use of gasoline with no
modification needed to the automobile
engine.
E85 is basically an alcohol fuel with 15%
gasoline added to eliminate some of the
problems of pure alcohol (i.e., cold
starting, tank flammability, etc.,)
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ENGINE& VEHICLEMODIFICATIONSFOR
SI ENGINEOPERATION
Alcohols are high octane fuels.
Allows increase in compression ratio 11:1 to 13:1
Alcohols contain half the heat energy of gasoline perliter. Calls for a larger storage tank
Stoichiometric air fuel ratio of alcohols is lesser thangasoline. Carb or fuel injector flow passages to be doubled.
Does not vaporize easily, cold starting problem. Mix some amount of gasoline
Slow burning of alcohol.
Spark advance.
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MODIFIEDCARTERCARBURETOR
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REFORMULATEDGASOLINE
A normal type of gasoline with a slightly modified
formulation and additives to help reduce engine
emissions.
Additives (OI, CI, MDA, Det, DCA)
Oxygenates such as methyl tertiary-butyl
ether(MTBE) and alcohols are added, such that
there is 1-3% oxygen by wt.
Positive side
Can be used directly without any modifications.
Negative side
Only moderate emission reduction, cost is increased,
use of petroleum products is not reduced
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OPTIONSFORUSAGEINCI ENGINES
Alcohol/diesel fuel solution
Alcohol diesel emulsions.
Alcohol fumigation
Dual fuel injection Surface ignition of alcohols
Spark ignition of alcohols
Alcohols containing ignition improvers.
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SURFACEIGNITIONALCOHOLCI ENGINE