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ALCOHOL
RELATED
PROBLEMS
TEETOTALLER: one who does not drink and has never drunk alcohol ABSTAINER: one who is not drinking alcohol anymore
Total about 15 – 20 % of population CONSUMER: one who drinks ALCOHOL, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE QUANTITY
Total about 80 - 85 % of population
DIFFERENT USE OF ALCOHOLALCOHOL FREE
RISK
MODERATE DRINKER
One who drinks 1 glass of wine or beer during a meal, and occasionally some spirits (coffee with brandy, liquor)
ALL ALCOHOLICS used to be
MODERATE DRINKERS
HEAVY RISK
PROBLEMATIC DRINKER
one who drinks SIGNIFICANT
quantities of alcohol, so as to
provoke BEHAVIOURAL
ALTERATIONS and
PHYSICAL DAMAGES
PROBLEMATIC DRINKERDAMAGES are INEVITABLE and start to show depending on:
AGE of onset of alcohol consumption PHYSICAL CONDITIONS QUANTITY CONSUMED GENDER
IT IS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME !
VERY HIGH RISK in danger of DEATH
The ALCOHOLIC
Every year in ITALY there are about 35.000 alcohol-related deaths
One who DOES NOT CONTROL
anymore his alcohol consumption
He is DEPENDENT on drinking
ALCOHOLISM is NOT a DESEASE,
it is a LIFE STYLE
There are many ALCOHOLISMS
People become ALCOHOLICS through many different pathways
ONLY the START
is the SAME for
ALL BEGINNING to
DRINK
ALCOHOLIC
TEETOTALLERS
ALCOHOLICS
MODERATEDRINKERS
PROBLEMATIC DRINKERS
ALCOHOL USE
You can shift from theoutside to the centrealmost
INADVERTENTLY
IRREVERSIBLEALCOHOLISM
MODERATEDRINKING
ABSTINENCE
PROBLEMATICDRINKING
ALCOHOLISM
DEATH
SOBRIETY
ALCOHOL USE
ONE WAY
IT’S NOT A PROBLEM of QUANTITYOver the last 50 years the “RECOMMENDED” or “SAFE” quantities have been constantly reduced.The B.A.C. allowed for driving has been reduced in many countries from 0,8 gr./L. to 0,5 - and in some cases to 0,0
IT’S VERY EASY TO INCREASE PROGRESSIVELY the daily quantity (ALMOST) without
noticing it
Evolution over the last 50 years of the recommended daily quantities of wine (considered safe):
Dr. Quartini (1960): 1 litre per day
Dr. Berardi (1984): 0,66 litres (man)
0,50 litres (woman)
W.H.O. (2000): 0,14 litres per day(less than 1 glass)
Guess what the next “recommended quantity” is going to be……
DRINKING is a RISKY BEHAVIOUR
ALCOHOL is a PLEASURE just for a moment
then you start HAVING PROBLEMS
then it becomes the BOSS
There is no alcoholic out there
who was not, at one stage, a
moderate drinker
Every substance that:
W.H.O. World Health Organization
• is PSYCHOACTIVE
• provokes PHYSICAL ADDICTION
• provokes PSYCHIC ADDICTION
• provokes WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
• is a DRUG
ALCOHOL is a LEGAL DRUG
Maradona
V. Van Gogh – Self portrait
•IT DOES ALTER the FUNCTIONING of the BRAIN:
•Initially it produces EUPHORIA, then AGGRESSIVITY
•Eventually it works as SEDATIVE on CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
•It provokes A BAD HABIT, upto DEPENDENCE
ALCOHOL is a LEGAL DRUG
GETTING USED: In case of repeated consumption, the effectiveness
of a substance decreases over time, because the bodydoes create a sort of resistance
TOLERANCE: The need to take progressively larger quantities to get the same effect
DEPENDENCE: The need to continue to take the same substance, to prevent the withdrawal symptoms YOU CANNOT DO WITHOUT
OCCASIONAL CONSUMPTIONMODERATE DRINKING
INCREASE of TOLERANCE NEED to DRINK MORE
EVIDENT PHYISICAL and PSYCHIC PROBLEMS EVIDENT PROBLEMS in the FAMILY and WORKPLACE THE PROBLEM CANNOT BE HIDDEN
THE DEPENDENCE STAIRS
D E P E N
D E N
C E
FREQUENT CONSUMPTION NEED to DRINK MORE FREQUENTLY
INCAPACITY to CONTROL DRINKING EXCUSES, ALIBIS, TRICKS
PROBLEMS in the FAMILY DECREASE of TOLERANCE
COMPULSIVE CONSUMPTION CRAVING
• Have you ever felt the need to Cut down on drinking?
• Have you ever felt Annoyed by criticism of your drinking?
• Have you ever had Guilty feelings about your drinking?
• Have you ever drunk in the morning as an Eye opener?
CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE on DEPENDENCE
If you are a responder to at least TWO of such questions, you are likely to be already an alcoholic,
just ONE if you are a youngster
For ALL
DRUGS
LEGAL or ILLEGAL
the RIGHT QUANTITY is
ZERODr. Garattini 2006
WHAT can ENCOURAGE ALCOHOL consumption
• DRINKING CULTURE
• MARKETING
• COMMON PLACES and PREJUDGEMENTS
Caravaggio - Bacchus
very old TRADITIONS
widely spread and well accepted BEHAVIOUR
in order not to feel DIFFERENT
DRINKING CULTURE
MY GRANDFATHER DRINKS TO REMEMBER
MY UNCLE DRINKS TO FORGET
MY NEPHEW DRINKS TO BE SMART AND GET GIRLS
BUT
MY GRANDFATHER DOESN’T REMEMBER
MY UNCLE DOESN’T FORGET
MY NEPHEW DOESN’T GET ANY GIRLS
SIMPLY, ALL THE
THREE GET DRUNK
MARKETING IS A CONDITIONING FACTOR AND DOESN’T INFORM
Soft taste…
… the full taste of life..
It creates an atmosphere…
He knows what to drink…
…and you know what you drink
Italian taste
Wine is sincere
COMMON PLACES and PREJUDGEMENTS
ALCOHOL INCREASES STRENGTH ?
NO WAY !
ATHLETES CANNOT DRINK
ALCOHOL HEATS YOU UP ?
NO WAY !
alcohol dilates the veins: drinking
in the cold can be dangerous
HerculesJury Chechi
COMMON PLACES and PREJUDGEMENTS
ALCOHOL INCREASES BLOOD
NOT TRUE
ANAEMIA is very frequent among the ALCOHOLICS
ALCOHOL STIMULATES and MAKES YOU FEEL STRONG
NOT TRUE it is a depressant
of the NERVOUS SYSTEM it is an ANAESTETIC
COMMON PLACES and PREJUDGEMENTS
Casanova
Gargantua
ALCOHOL increases your sexual potency ?
NOT TRUE ! it may increase the DESIRE but the PERFORMANCE is much worse
ALCOHOL is a DIGESTIVE ?
NO WAY ! it provokes
AESOPHAGITIS and
GASTRITIS
COMMON PLACES and PREJUDGEMENTS
ALCOHOL can help in case of collapse ?
NOT SO alcohol dilates the veins:
it lowers the blood pressure and
therefore makes a collapse even worse
CONCLUSION
The very MODEST beneficial effects of ALCOHOL, strongly MARKETED, but scientifically UNPROVEN, are in any case NEGLIGIBLE, if comparedto the many DAMAGES (PHYSICAL and BEHAVIOURAL) that it can cause,in the INDIVIDUAL and in the COMMUNITY