Alcohol

Unit #3

Unit #7 in Book

Page 411

History

In 1851, Maine becomes the first state to pass a law prohibiting the sale & manufacture of alcohol

18th Amendment – (1919) U.S. prohibited sale & manufacture of alcohol

21st Amendment – (1933) repealed the 18th amendment, now the control of manufacture and sale of liquor became a state responsibility.

Alcohol Today

Nations #1 Drug problem

100 million + adults (60-70 % of total population use) Used more than any other drug

10 million + adult alcoholics

3 million + teenagers are alcoholics/ problem drinkers

Alcohol Today

½ of all the crime is related to alcohol 75% of violent crimes are related to alcohol

Alcohol is negatively linked with violence, rape, suicide, breaking the law, academic apathy, accidental death, injuries, irresponsible decisions, STI/STDs, job loss, divorce, and serious illness.

Alcohol related diseases lead to 12,000 deaths/ year #1 Cirrhosis

Motor Vehicle Deaths

1982 25,000 (57% of

deaths) 1993

17,400 (44%) 2000

16,068 (38%) 2002

17,419 (41%) 2003

17,401 (40%)

Classes of Drinkers

Social Moderate, safe

amounts consumed by adult (21 yrs or older)

Problem Self or others at risk

Alcoholic Dependent

Classes of Drinkers

About one in ten drinkers is or will become an alcoholic/problem drinker.

Most adults who drink in the U.S., drink as a “social” drinker

Responsible (over 21) Alcohol Use Know limit Space out drinks Small glasses Dilute mix drinks Eat while consuming Don’t drink and drive Don’t drink and use medication Don’t drink if pregnant or not sure

Babies of mothers who drink may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

See pg 415

P. 411

Alcohol –

Fermentation –

Distillation –

Proof –

Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol) – is the active ingredient in alcohol One 12 oz. can of beer (4.5% alcohol) 1 ¼ oz. of 80 proof hard liquor (distilled) (40%

alcohol) Proof: amount of alcohol in a beverage as measured

by %, double the % of alcohol Ex – Beverage with 20% alcohol is 40 proof (p. 411)

1 oz. of 100 proof liquor = 50 % alcohol 3-5 oz. of wine = 12-14 % alcohol Non-alcoholic Beer – contains some alcohol (less

than 1%)

Alcohol & the Body

About 20% of alcohol consumed is absorbed into bloodstream through stomach walls.

The majority is absorbed through intestine walls.

The remaining alcohol is excreted through urine, perspiration, or breath.

How Alcohol Effects the Body p. 414

Nervous system Brain

Blackouts p. 417 (a period in which a person cannot remember what has happened)

Seizures Dementia (decline in all areas of mental

functioning) Alcohol is a depressant

Digestive System

Developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, & stomach

Ulcers Malnutrition Cirrhosis of the Liver (3 stages) Gastritis, inflammation of the stomach due to

heavy drinking Alcohol is oxidized by the normal, healthy

liver at the rate of one drink per hour.

Immune System

Increased risk of developing illnesses Respiration infections Tuberculosis (492) –

Certain Cancers

Effects on Body p. 414

Cardiovascular system Damages organs Increases risk of developing cardiovascular diseases,

high blood pressure, & stroke Skeletal system

Increases risk of osteoporosis because of loss of calcium Urinary system

Increases urine flow which increases the risk of kidney failure

Reproductive system Females: delays first menstrual cycle and cause irregular

periods Males: affects the size of testes and muscle mass

development

Alcohol Effects Every Cell in the Body

Most alcohol is changed to harmless waste by the liver

The liver changed alcohol into waste at a rate of 1 drink/ hour.

The excess amount builds up in body. Alcohol goes to body tissue before

excretion Effects of alcohol intensify Concentration of alcohol in blood increases

Hangover – a result of the chemicals used to make alcohol The only true treatment for a hangover is

Time! When treating hangover symptoms, you

should not use Tylenol, because it can cause permanent liver damage.

One of the worst things you can do for a person is give them another alcoholic beverage.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) p. 411

Higher the BAC, the greater the effects of alcohol on the body.

If the amount of alcohol (a toxin) is too large, stomach will reject it Vomiting

Too much of a toxin (alcohol) can be poisonous.

Factors that affect BAC(see text pg 412-413)

Amount consumed

Body weight

Feelings

Amount of food eaten

Carbonation of beverages

Speed consumed

% of body fat

Gender

Presence of other drugs in blood

Age

What happens as BAC Increases

See text page 413

Alcohol Laws p. 418

Liquor Control Board Controls all sales of alcoholic beverages

Underage drinking Zero-tolerance law

Lowers the legal BAC for intoxicated drivers under 21 yrs. of age

Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Breathalyzer test: accurate and common way police

check BAC Under 21 yrs = 0.02 BAC Over 21 yrs = 0.08 BAC

Laws Cont. p. 415 (Chart)

Parents can not buy alcohol for their children even if it is in their own home.

Parents can be held accountable & face fines for serving minors on their property.

A person under 21 can be arrested for underage drinking in PA if they are: Consuming, transporting, & possessing

alcohol

Alcoholism p. 419 Disease in which there is physical and psychological

dependence on alcohol. Alcohol is a depressant Tolerance begins to build which causes an increase in

drinking and development of alcoholism. Difficulty controlling behavior Denial Withdrawal

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Is the reaction of the body to sudden stopping of

drinking Is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in which

there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions. Delirium Tremens Syndrome-

Getting Help p. 420

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Recovery program for people who have

alcoholism Al-Anon

Recovery for people who have friends or family members with alcoholism

Al-Ateen Recovery program for teens who have a family

member or friend with alcoholism