ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS

R OH

Methanol Ethanol Glycerol Benzyl alcohol

Aliphatic Aromatic

H3C OHH2C OH

HC OH

H2C OH

CH2OHH3CH2C OHor

C2H5OH

MethanolMethanol EthanolEthanol GlycerolGlycerol Benzyl alcoholBenzyl alcohol

Physical properties:Physical properties:

State

Color

Odor

Inflammability

Change in appearance

Change in odor

Color imparted to the flame

Residue

CommentComment

Liquid, mobily, true Liquid, viscous, true Liquid, oily, true

Colorless

Characteristic odor Butter almond odor

Ignition test:Ignition test:

Inflammable, non luminous, non smokyInflammable,

luminous, smoky

Volatilization

No change

No change

No residue

The compounds are aliphatic The compound is aromatic

Acid– base properties:Acid– base properties: [Solubility or Miscibility] [Solubility or Miscibility]Methanol Ethanol Glycerol Benzyl alcohol

H2O L.P.

Dil. HCl

10% NaOH

Conc. H2SO4

Comment:

Miscible in H2O

No change

All the compounds are neutralAll the compounds are neutral

Immiscible

Immiscible

Immiscible

Immiscible

Preliminary test:Preliminary test:

Methanol Ethanol Glycerol Benzyl alcoholSoda limeSoda lime

On cold:On cold:

On hot:On hot:

30% NaOH30% NaOH

On cold:On cold:

On hot:On hot:

FeClFeCl33

On cold:On cold:

On hot:On hot:

Conc. HConc. H22SOSO44

On cold:On cold:

On hot:On hot:

Not done (only for solid)

No reaction in all

No reaction in all

No reaction in all

Benzyl alcohol + 3-4 drops Conc. H2SO4 (on the wall)

Dirty gleatinous white ppt

Not done

General test:General test:Oxidation test:Oxidation test:

ROHpartial oxidation

oxidizing agentRCH

O

alcohol aldehyde

complet oxidation

oxidizing agentRCOOH

carboxylic acid

5 gm of K2Cr2O7 + 20 ml dil. H2SO4 + pumic stone ( ( to regulate Temp.)) + 1 ml ethanol or methanol

Reflux 20\- 30\then distilation + blue L.p. red color acid form

Methanol OX. Formaldehyde OX. Formic acid

Ethanol OX. Acetaldehyde OX. Acetic acid

Benzyl alcohol OX. Benzaldehyde OX. Benzoic acid

K2Cr2O7 + dil. H2SO4 + methanol or ethanol

Green color

MethanolMethanol EthanolEthanol

Specific test:Specific test:

1. Iodoform test Alcohol + 10% NaOH + xss I2

No yellow pptNo yellow ppt Yellow pptYellow ppt

MethanolMethanol EthanolEthanol

Specific test:Specific test:

CH3OH +

COOH

OH

MethanolSalicylic acid

Conc. H2SO4 ( ( f ussion))

COOCH3

OH

Methyl salicylate

Methanol + few gm Salicylic acid + 4-5 drops Conc. H2SO4 ( ( On the wall))

Cool pour in beaker contain 10 ml H2O

Oil of winter green [Vicks

odor of methyl salicylate]

CH3CH2OH + CH3COOHEthanol

Conc. H2SO4 ( ( f ussion))

Acetic acid

CH3CH2OOCCH3

Ethyl acetate

Ethanol + few gm Acetic acid + 4-5 drops Conc. H2SO4 ( ( On the wall))

Cool

pour in beaker contain 10 ml H2O

Ribe apple, bad apple odor [Fruity odor of ethyl acetate]

2. Esterification test

Specific test:Specific test:

3. Borax test for glycerol Borax + H2O (to dissolve it) + 2 drops ph.ph. + glycerol Disappearance of pink color (( glycerol borate)) very strong acid

4. Conc. H2SO4 test for benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol + Conc. H2SO4 Dirty white gelatinous ppt

IRIR

LocationLocation CommentComment

3500 – 3200 cm -1 OH functional gp streatching band

< 3000 cm -1 CH aliphatic streatching band

> 3000 cm -1 CH aromatic streatching band