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Aldehydes
SCH 4UIMr.Snyder
Culminating Project
Sherry WongAly Kadar
Kasey Bourgon
Define: Aldehydes
An organic compound characterized by a terminal carbonyl functional group
Functional group
Terminal Carbonyl group (C=O)
+One H atom bonded to C
+R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain])
∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain
General Structure
The H atom is attached to the C in the carbonyl group
IUPAC: Methanal Common name: Formaldehyde
Functional Group: Another H atom
Functional Group: Alkyl Group
• Attached to the C in the carbonyl groupo Examples
1. Cyclohexanal 2. IUPAC: Ethanal (Common Name: Acetaldehyde)
Functional groupCarbonyl group (C=O)
+
One H atom bonded to C
+
R (Either another H atom or an alkyl group [carbon chain])
∴ Carbonyl group always occurs at the end of a carbon chain
General Structure
General StructureDifference between ALDEHYDES & KETONES
Carbonyl Group Aldehydes Ketones
Nomenclature: A Change of Suffix
Ex: Methane -> Methanal (AKA: Formaldehyde)
★ Carbonyl group always at the end of the carbon chain
★ Replace the -ane at the end of the name with an -al ○ aldehyde
Boiling Point: Lower than analogous alcohols
(ex. Ethanol - 78°C / Ethanal - 21°C)
H-Bonds: N/A (because there is no OH [hydroxide] groups)
Polarity: Strong polar group (due to double C=O bond)
(electronegativity)
Solubility: High
Physical & Chemical Properties
Everyday Life UsesSmaller → Strong, unpleasant odours
HYDROGEN ATOM
Formaldehyde (aka. IUPAC name = Methanal)
• Simplest aldehyde
• Colourless gas @ room temperature
• In (aq) solution = antiseptic and disinfectant
• Used as a preservative
ONE CARBON
Acetaldehyde (aka. IUPAC name = Ethanal)
• Colourless liquid
• Synthesis of resins, dyes, and preservatives
Trimer = 3 molecules joined together into a single large molecule
Formaldehyde Fumigate rooms against
pests
AcetaldehydeHypnotic drug
Larger → Flowery, pleasant odours• Ex. Cinnamaldehyde
• Found in essential oils of plants
(ex. Frankincense egyptian and Rosalina Austrialian essential oils)
• Used for fragrance in perfumes and aromatherapy products o Aldehydes are refered to as aliphatic or "fatty" aldehydeso Fatty aldehydes have a chain of 8-13 carbon atoms
(ex. Chanel No.5 Perfume)
Everyday Life Uses
Reactions
Kasey
Reaction Worksheet
Kasey
BibliographyKessel, H. v., Jenkins, F., Davies, L., Plumb, D., Giuseppe, M. D., &
Lantz, O. (2003). Nelson Chemistry 12 . Toronto: Kevin Martindale.
Aldehydes. (n.d.). perfume ingredient, fragrance and essential oils. Retrieved November 25, 2013, from http://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Aldehydes-165.html