Date post: | 20-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | douglas-morrison |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
1
Aleidis Devillé
SUPERDIVERSITY
2
• Evolution in most European countries in less than a century:− Composition of societies evolved from
‘limited ethno-cultural diversity’ towards ‘immigration societies’
− Result of succeeding migration waves: much more complex social realities, especially in the cities
• Qualitative and quantitative differences as compared to migration in the 20th century
INTRODUCTIONOBSERVATIONS
3
SUPERDIVERSITY
• More than a synonym for ‘diversity’ or ‘multi culturality’
• New phase in migration and demography
• Term by Steven Vertovec
4
• Diversity increases, especially in big cities• Term: ‘majority-minority city’:− A city where the majority of the inhabitants is
composed of minority groups
Examples− World capitals like New York, Sao Paolo, Toronto or
Sydney− In Belgium: Brussels (today); Genk, Antwerps,
Ghent, … (tomorrow)− Today and tomorrow: everywhere in the world
‘MAJORITY-MINORITY’ CITIES
5
EXAMPLEANTWERP: KIDS OF ALL COLORS (1)
6
EXAMPLEANTWERP: KIDS OF ALL COLORS (2)
7
EXEMPLEBRUSSELS: A MIXTURE OF LANGUAGES• More then 100 different languages− A.o.: French (89%), English (30%), Dutch
(23%), Arab (18%)• Individuals combining multiple languages− Less than 40% are mono-lingual French or
Dutch speaking− One out of tree citizens grow up in a
family lacking the knowledge of Dutch or French
8
THE NATURE OF MIGRATION
- a limited number of countries of origin- people opting for particular host countries
- More people migrate, from more countries, to more countries- very diverse background of immigrants
1990
9
Migrants differ in:• beliefs and
opinions• experiences• prosperity• lifestyle• level of
education• …
• Diversiteit in & tussen gemeenschappen
• Meer transnationalisme
TYPOLOGY OF NOWADAYS MIGRANTS
• Diversity in socio-economical positions
• Diversity in & between communities
• More trans-nationalism
10
• The longer the more Belgians combine a Belgian identity with a mixed background
EXAMPLEFAMOUS BELGIANS OF MIXED BACKGROUND
Vincent Kompany
Stromae
People from your country
National
11
New technologies enable:
• Keeping in touch (mobiles, internet, skype, satellite television, …)
• Building very different social relations
• Virtuals networks
DIVERSITY AND NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
12
• Superdiversity is a factual constatation− Not to be judged as ‘good’ or ‘bad’− The impact depends on how we deal with it
• The situation may be considered − as a milestone raising new questions− as a new light shining over the context of
migration and integration
DEALING WITH SUPERDIVERSITY
PARADIGM SHIFT
From: ethnic-cultural approach
To: dealing with superdiversity
The national, ethnic or religiousbackground of a person is the most important characteristic
of a person’s identity and the main explanationfor her or his behaviour
ETHNIC-CULTURAL APPROACH
• Collectivistic• Group-cultures• We - cultures
DAVID PINTO
individualindividual
• Individualistic• Person-oriented
cultures• I - cultures
• Sometimes necessary (e.g. ethnopharmacy)
• Helps to understand the communication
KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURAL AND MIGRATION- BACKGROUNDS IMPORTANT!
• Reduces a person to only her/his national, ethnic or religious identity
• Culture used as a variable, instrumental explanation• Culturalises all kind of differences and makes behavior
extra-ordinary• Culture: homogenous and static • Generalises and stereotypes• Only one meaning• Not-equal and patronizing• Takes you out of your power, your balance and it takes
the other person also out of her/his power/balance
RISKS OF A ETHNIC-CULTURAL APPROACH
Coutryside// city
Profession Religion
EACH PERSON IS PART OF MANY COLLECTIVES
AgeGender Nationality
Sexual orientation
Social-economic position
Ethnic group
Parent-ship
……….
IDENTITY: A MULTIPLE, COLOURFUL AND MOVING MOSAIC
C o l o u r
Identity
Education
Social- Economic position
Religion
Age
Gender
Sexual orien tation
Partner
Daughter/Son of … of...
Are people allowed to present themselves – despite their
evident categorial characteristics – the way they want to?
MAIN QUESTION
Persoon
Sexe/gender
‘kleur’
Religieuze gemeenschap
Leeftijdsgroep
Familie
Opleiding
Seksuele voorkeur
……
Etnische groepMultiple identity
CONCLUSIONDEALING WITH DIVERSITY IN A SUSTAINBLE WAY
Non-negotiable framework of universal fundamental values
Do not interpret all behaviour as cultural characteristics
23
Some final considerations
COMMUNICATION IS ALWAYS A QUEST AND AN ADVENTURE
FIND THE POSITIVE INTENTION
BEHIND EACH BEHAVIOR
HYPOTHESIS OF ‘THE BEST’
Different=
‘negative’behaviour
Positiveintentions:
motives, emotions, needs, values
Positiveintentions:
motives, emotions, needs, values
Recognition
Recognition
‘THE SHORTEST WAY IS THE ROUNDABOUT’
Different=‘negative’behaviour
Positiveintentions:
motives, emotions, needs,
values
Positiveintentions:
motives, emotions, needs,
values
28