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Prokaryotes, Eukaryotic Algae, and ProtozoansProkaryotes
organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles. (Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular)
Eukaryotes organisms whose cells are organized into
complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton
The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus
Can be multi- or unicellular
Domain (Eu)Bacteria
Clade Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic blue-greens
Important Examples: Nostoc
Unicellular, beaded strands Able to fix nitrogen (important nutrient competitor)
Oscillatoria Very common locally Filamentous strands of rectangular cells
Gloeocapsa Very small colonies of 2 4 cells in gelatinous sheath
Nostoc. Pointer indicates heterocyst cell for N-fixation.
Oscillatoria. Good view of rectangular cells.
Gloeocapsa colonies
Domain (Eu)Bacteria
Clade Proteobacteria Aquaspirillum
One of the largest bacteria, though its difficult to find under high-power using a compound microscope
Spiral-shaped (hence name)
Domain Eukarya
Clade [Kingdom] Plantae Clade (Phylum) Chlorophyta green algae
Spirogyra Spiral-shaped chloroplasts
Zygnema Star-shaped chloroplasts
EndosymbioticCyanobacteria
Domain Eukarya
Clade [Kingdom] Plantae Clade (Phylum) Chlorophyta green algae Desmids
Composed of two half-cells that are mirror images.
MicrasteriasClosterium
Cosmarium
Domain Eukarya
Clade Stramenopila Clade (Phylum) Chrysophyta Golden-Brown Algae
Often flagellated, form colonies Synura
Diatoms Cell walls composed of silica Navicula Cyclotella
Synura. Free-living (right) & colony (below)
Navicula.
Cyclotella.
Domain Eukarya
Clade Alveolata Clade (Phylum) Dinoflagellata
Flagellated use whip-like tail for feeding, locomotion Dinos spin or move in small circles
Red/brown color Can be photosynthetic or predatory plate of armor covering gives them an unusual appearance Give rise to red tides when in large numbers
Peridinium
Red tide!
Domain Eukarya
Clade (Phylum) Ciliata Characterized by their cilia hair-like projections used for feeding or
locomotion Paramecium
Engulf prey with their oral groove gives them their spiral-like shape Some species have photosynthetic symbionts, but Paramecium themselves are predators
Euplotes Have spike-like modified cilia Wicked predators
Domain Eukarya
Clade Euglenozoa Have superior flagella for locomotion and feeding
Can create water vortexes for filter-currents Some are photosynthetic Red eye spot can detect light for directionality
Euglena
Domain Eukarya
Clade Amoebozoa Lack an outer body wall; move by extending their body cytoplasm (these
projections = pseudopodia) Pseudopodia caused by a chain reaction of actin proteins expanding &
contracting (they feed like this, too!) Difflugia
Protects its fragile body by creating a shell of sand & detritus
Domain Eukarya
Clade Rhizaria Thread-lobed amoebas Actinopoda include Heliozoans (sun animals) that have threads of
pseudopodia extending through their silica/calcium carbonate shells Actinosphaerium
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Domain (Eu)BacteriaDomain (Eu)BacteriaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain EukaryaDomain Eukarya