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1. Content Organization
Content organization concerns with the way information is organized into groupsIt is important for the interface designer to understand how information should be organized such a way that will ease user’s task in finding it
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice HallMcCracken & Ayres2
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
You have a mass of content that you want your users to be able to find
Graphic overview: scheme and structure
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McCracken & Ayres3
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
How to Organize so Users Can Find Things?
First, group related things, forming the groups in terms of the way users think.
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McCracken & Ayres4
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
This is an organizational scheme
Now give names to the groups, or have the users do that
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McCracken & Ayres5
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Organizational Schemes
Familiar in everyday life:Phone bookAppointment bookShopping mall diagram with store locations
McCracken & Ayres6
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
These are exact organizational schemes
Alphabetical: phone book, for exampleChronological: appointment book, for exampleGeographical: shopping mall diagram, for example
McCracken & Ayres7
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Not always possible
Where can I find sardines packed in water, with no salt added?
In the canned fish section?In the dietetic foods section?
McCracken & Ayres8
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Supermarket is an example of an ambiguous organizational scheme
“Ambiguous” often has a negative connotation, which is not intended here. We use it to describe organizational situations where there is more than one reasonable way to group things.We identify four types of ambiguous organizational schemes:
Topical Task-orientedAudience-specificMetaphor-drivenhybrid
McCracken & Ayres9
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Topical organizational scheme
Organizes content by subjectExamples:
Library subject indexEncyclopediaChapter titles in textbooksWebsite home pages (usually combined with other schemes as well)
McCracken & Ayres10
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Task-Oriented Organizational Scheme
Organizes content by what user wants to do.
• Desktop software applications such as word processors and spreadsheets providevfamiliar examples. Collections of individual actions are organized under task-oriented menus such as Edit,Insert, and Format.
McCracken & Ayres11
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Task-oriented organizational scheme
Example: Autobytel.com
McCracken & Ayres12
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Audience-specific organizational scheme
Useful when there are two or more distinct user groupsUser may navigate to appropriate page and bookmark it
Audience-specific schemes can be open or closed. An open scheme will allow members of one audience to access the content intended for other audiences. A closed scheme will prevent members from moving between audience-specific sections. A closed scheme may be appropriate if subscription fees or security issues are involved.
McCracken & Ayres13
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Audience-specific organizational scheme
Example: Bank of Montreal
Kelompok audiens berbeda
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Metaphor-driven organizational scheme
Shows group by a visual metaphor.Not many examples, because it is difficult to find metaphors that will work with all users.Possible example: pet supply store:
McCracken & Ayres15
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
See the problem?This is a hamster, but what if your user thinks it’s a rat, and hates rats?
The goal of metaphor schemes is to relate a system to concepts that the user is already familiar with. Currently, the most pervasive metaphor is the desktop, folder, and file system used by the majority of graphical user interfaces.
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Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Hybrid organizational scheme
Combines multiple organizational schemesQuite common, but must be done with care to avoid confusionExample: Nordstrom
McCracken & Ayres17
Copyright © 2004 by Prentice Hall
Database organizational structures
Database organizational structure provides a bottom-up view, whereas a hierarchy provides a top-downBoth have their placeIn a database structure the user fills in data, and is then taken directly to the right page. One click, when it works ideally.
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