ALICE results on open heavy-flavour and quarkonium...

Moriond QCD – La Thuile – 29/03/2019

ALICE results on open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production

Javier Castillo Castellanos for the

ALICE Collaboration

!1

J Castillo

Introduction

• Heavy quarks (c, b) are important probes of the hot, dense and deconfined QCD medium, the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP)

– Heavy-quark pair production is a perturbative process – Heavy quarks are produced early in the collision

• They experience the full system evolution – Heavy-quark number is conserved throughout the QGP lifetime – Heavy quarks will traverse the surrounding medium

• Could loose energy by collisional or radiative process • Could possibly reach (partial) thermalization in the QGP

– A fraction of heavy-quark pairs will bind (non perturbative) to form quarkonia • Quarkonia can be sequentially suppressed by the QGP depending on their binding energy • Quarkonia could also be formed in the QGP by recombination of deconfined heavy quarks

• Measurements in pp collisions – Test pQCD calculations – Are typically used as reference for p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions

• p–Pb collisions provide the control experiment to study Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects including

– Nuclear modification of parton distribution functions (PDF), energy-loss, nuclear absorption …

• But there is growing evidence that pp and p–Pb collisions are not as “simple” • multi-parton interactions (MPI) • collectivity in small systems

!2Moriond QCD – La Thuile – 29/03/2019

J Castillo

Introduction




• Could loose energy by collisional or radiative processes • Could possibly reach (partial) thermalization in the QGP







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Introduction











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J Castillo Moriond QCD – La Thuile – 29/03/2019

ALICE

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Muon spectrometer (-4.0 < ηlab < -2.5) • Quarkonia

• →µ+µ- • down to pT = 0

• Open Heavy Flavours • →µ+X

• Absorbers (front, conical, filter) • Dipole magnet • Tracking chambers • Trigger system

Central Barrel (|ηlab| < 0.9) • Quarkonia

• →e+e- • down to pT = 0

• Open Heavy Flavours • Full D, Λc reconstruction • →e+X

• ITS • Tracking, PID, Vertexing

• TPC • Tracking, PID

• TOF • PID

• D-meson RAA as a function of pT and centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV – Average of D0, D+ and D*+

• At high pT, strong centrality dependence – Parton energy loss – Well described by pQCD-based models

J Castillo

RAA of D mesons


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http://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2018)174

J Castillo

D-meson tagged jets in Pb–Pb

• Jets containing a D meson with 3 < pT < 36 GeV/c in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

• In pp – cross section is in agreement with POWHEG+PYTHIA6 calculations within large theoretical syst. uncertainties

• In p–Pb – compatible with no nuclear modification

• In Pb–Pb – strong suppression – Compatible with suppression observed for single D mesons


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J Castillo

RAA of D mesons

• D-meson RAA as a function of pT and centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV – Average of D0, D+ and D*+

• At low pT, several competing effects – Nuclear modification of PDF, radial flow, quark recombination, collisional and gluon-radiation energy loss, fragmentation …

– Difficult for models to reproduce pT trend in all centrality ranges


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http://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2018)174

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• J/ψ at high pT – Stronger suppression with higher energy density (or temperature)

– Stronger suppression at LHC than at RHIC (at mid-y, not shown)


• Υ suppression at the LHC – Observation of stronger suppression of higher mass Υ states in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

• RAA(Υ(2S))/RAA(Υ(1S)) = 0.28 ± 0.12(stat) ± 0.06(syst)

(High-pT) quarkonium suppression increases with increasing T Weaklier bound quarkonium states are more suppressed

Quarkonium suppression

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J Castillo

Quarkonium regeneration

• J/ψ at low pT – Smaller suppression at the LHC than at RHIC! – At the LHC, no centrality dependence of the RAA for Npart > 70 (increase at mid-y ?)

– New regenerated J/ψ produced by recombination of charm quarks – Larger regeneration at

• higher c-cbar pair density • higher energy density


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J Castillo

J/ψ RAA vs. pT in centrality classes

• Regeneration component is expected to contribute mainly at low transverse momentum

• From 2.76 to 5.02 TeV, increase of RAA at intermediate pT (2-6 GeV/c) • Transport models (fairly) reproduce the observed trend as a function of transverse momentum and centrality


ALI-PREL-126572

40-90%20-40%0-20%

J Castillo

J/ψ elliptic flow – 5.02 TeV

• Unambiguous observation of non-zero J/ψ v2 in semi-central (20-40%) Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV for J/ψ with 0 < pT < 12 GeV/c

• In the framework of transport models, the large v2 values measured can only be achieved by including a strong J/ψ (re)generation component from (re)combination of thermalized charm quarks in the QGP

– Dominant at low pT (< 4 GeV/c), dying out at high pT • The large values of the J/ψ v2 at high pT are a challenge to models …

– Non-prompt J/ψ contribution can play an important role


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v2 open/closed heavy-flavour mesons

• New results on the v2 and v3 of J/ψ – Comparison to D mesons and charged hadrons

• v3 is sensitive to event-by-event shape fluctuations – Stronger indication of thermal origin of flow

• At low and intermediate pT vn(J/ψ) < vn(D) < vn(h) • At high pT, the v2 of J/ψ, D mesons and charged hadrons converge to a single curve

– Suggest dominance of in-medium path-length dependent energy-loss effects


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J Castillo

RAA and v2 of strange D mesons

• Strange and non-strange D-meson RAA and v2 as a function of pT

• Strange D mesons are suppressed and exhibit positive v2 – Difficult for models to simultaneously describe RAA and v2

• Hint of smaller suppression of strange than non-strange D mesons – Expected in a scenario of hadronization by quark recombination


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http://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2018)174

J Castillo

Charmed-lambda baryon production

• Ratio of Λc to D0 meson measured in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions

• Similar ratio in pp and p–Pb • Enhanced production of Λc with respect to D0 mesons in Pb–Pb

– Similar observation in the non-charmed sector (Λ/K0S) [see talk by L. Bianchi] • Effect of radial flow • Sign of hadronization by quark recombination

– But …


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J Castillo

Charmed-lambda baryon production

• Λc pT differential cross section in pp and p–Pb

– … cross section is strongly underestimated by pQCD calculations • Which describe D-meson production • Using fragmentation functions tuned on e+e- data


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J Castillo

HF production versus event activity

• Self-normalised yields vs relative charged-particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at 13 TeV

– Could allow to address Multi-Parton Interactions (MPI) in hard processes – Sensitive to collectivity in high-activity events?

• Both charmonium and bottomonium relative production increase with event activity • Relative production of single leptons from charm and beauty decay increases with event activity

• At mid-rapidity the increase is faster than linear – possible bias due to auto-correlations or Jet production?


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• v2 of J/ψ and single leptons (mainly) from HF decays in p–Pb collisions with large event activity

• Similar magnitude for e and µ from HF • For J/ψ the v2 values at high pT are similar to those in central Pb–Pb collisions

– Common origin?

• Possible indication of collectivity in p–Pb collisions

J Castillo

HF and collectivity in p–Pb collisions


arXiv:1809.10922

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J Castillo

Summary & Outlook

• Transport properties of heavy quarks in the QGP are studied using RAA and v2 measurements – Heavy quarks interact and lose energy – Quarkonia are suppressed by the QGP – Heavy quarks (partially) thermalise – Heavy quarks recombine to form J/ψ, Ds, Λc …

• In pp and p–Pb – Signs of collectivity also in the HF sector

• In Pb–Pb – Measurements are getting more constraining power – Observables are evolving to address more specific details of HF production and dynamics


J Castillo Moriond QCD – La Thuile – 29/03/2019

Backup

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J Castillo

Υ RAA @ LHC vs. rapidity

• Rapidity dependence at 5.02 TeV

• Tension between model and data – No CNM included

• Is direct Υ(1S) suppressed? – Feed down could account for about 30% (LHCb) – What about CNM effects?


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ALI-PUB-157801

PLB 790 (2019) 89-101


J Castillo

D-meson tagged jets in pp and p–Pb

• Jets containing a D meson with 3 < pT < 36 GeV/c • pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

• Cross section in pp is in agreement with POWHEG+PYTHIA6 calculations



J Castillo

J/ψ RAA – model comparison

• J/ψ RAA versus centrality – Brackets indicate the possible range of variation of the hadronic RAA

• Compared to the same models at both energies – SHM (Andronic et al.): all J/ψ produced by statistical hadronisation at the QGP phase boundary

– TM (Du et al. and Zhou et al.): rate equation of suppression and regeneration by/in the QGP – CIM (Ferreiro): suppression by the co-moving partonic medium and regeneration

• Good description at both energies!25Moriond QCD – La Thuile – 29/03/2019

CERN-EP-2016-162

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https://cds.cern.ch/record/2162399

J Castillo

J/ψ RAA – pT dependence

• RAA vs transverse momentum – Similar decreasing trend of RAA with increasing pT at both 2.76 and 5.02 TeV

• RAA(5.02 TeV) vs RAA(2.76 TeV) – Broader RAA versus pT at 5.02 TeV than at 2.76 TeV? – Better model agreement at 2.76 TeV?


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J Castillo

Charmonia in pp collisions

• New charmonium measurements in pp collisions at 5 and 13 TeV

• J/ψ and ψ(2S) measured at five and three collision energies, respectively – Up to pT = 30 GeV/c at 13 TeV – Only ψ(2S) measurement at forward-y at 8 and 13 TeV


PLB 718 (2012) 2, CERN-EP-2016-162, EPJC 74 (2014) 29744, EPJC 76 (2016) 184

)c (GeV/T

p0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

))c

b/(

GeV

/µ

) (

yd

Tp

/(d

σ2

d

5−10

4−10

3−10

2−10

1−10

1

10

3.4%± -1 = 3.2 pbint

=13 TeV (prelim), Ls ×1

5%± -1 = 1.3 pbint

=8 TeV, Ls ×0.1

5%± -1 = 1.4 pbint

=7 TeV, Ls ×0.01

Systematic uncertainty

BR uncert.: 11 %

<4y(2S), 2.5<ψALICE, inclusive

ALI-PREL-107957

)c (GeV/T

p0 5 10 15 20 25 30

))c

b/(

GeV

/µ

) (

yd

Tp

/(d

σ2

d

4−10

3−10

2−10

1−10

1

10

210

310

410

510

3.4%± -1 = 3.2 pbint

=13 TeV (prelim), Ls ×100

5%± -1 = 1.3 pbint

=8 TeV, Ls ×10

5%± -1 = 1.4 pbint

=7 TeV, Ls ×1

2.1%± -1 = 0.11 pbint

=5 TeV, Ls ×0.1

1.9%± -1 = 0.02 pbint

=2.76 TeV, Ls ×0.01

Systematic uncertainty

BR uncert.: 0.6 %

<4y, 2.5<ψALICE, inclusive J/

ALI-PREL-107945

inclusive J/ψ inclusive ψ(2S)



http://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2974-4

http://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3987-y

J Castillo

Charmonia in pp collisions at 13 TeV

• NRQCD calculations for prompt J/ψ (ψ(2S)) + FONLL calculations for non-prompt J/ψ (ψ(2S)) reproduce the pT-differential cross section at high pT

• NRQCD + CGC reproduces the low pT region




J Castillo

D-meson RpPb

• D0 measured down to zero pT also in p-Pb collisions at 5 TeV

• RpPb of D mesons consistent with unity – no indication for suppression at intermediate/high pT – data do not favour a suppression larger than 20% at pT ~ 5-10 GeV/c

• RpPb described within uncertainties by models including initial- or final-state effects


arXiv:1605.07569

models with CNM only models with small QGP


J Castillo

RAA(5.02 TeV) / RAA(2.76 TeV)

• RAA(0-10%,5.02 TeV) / RAA(0-10%,2.76 TeV) = 1.17±0.04±0.20 • No clear trend with centrality

• Some model uncertainties (partially) cancel in the ratio • Model bands express a 5% uncertainty on c-cbar cross section


⟩part

N⟨0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(2.7

6 T

eV

)A

AR

(5.0

2 T

eV

)/A

AR

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6-µ+µ → ψPb, inclusive J/−ALICE, Pb

c < 8 GeV/T

p < 4, 0.3 < y2.5 <

(TM1, Du and Rapp)c>0.3 GeV/T

pTransport,

Transport (TM2, Zhou et al.)

Statistical hadronization (Andronic et al.)

Co-movers (Ferreiro)

ALI-DER-110555

J Castillo

J/ψ in Pb-Pb 5 TeV – differential RAA

• RAA vs transverse momentum – Similar decreasing trend of RAA with increasing pT at both 5 and 2.76 TeV

• RAA(5.02 TeV) vs RAA(2.76 TeV) – Broader RAA versus pT at 5.02 TeV than at 2.76 TeV?


AA

R

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4-

µ+µ → ψALICE, inclusive J/

< 4y2.5 < = 5.02 TeV, 0-20%NN

sPb −Pb

= 2.76 TeV, 0-20%NN

sPb −Pb

= 5.02 TeV (TM1, Du and Rapp)NN

sTransport

(GeV/c) T

p0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2.7

6 T

eV

AA

R/5

.02

Te

V

AA

R

0.81

1.21.41.6

ALI-DER-110573

•Body Level One –Body Level Two

•Body Level Three –Body Level Four

»Body Level Five

AAR

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

partN0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

partN0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0-10%10-20%20-30%30-40%40-60%

STARSTAR Cu+Cu

)>0T

pPHENIX (±πSTAR Liu et al.Model I, Zhao et al.Model II,

/cGeV>5 T

p

200 GeV Au+Au

(a)0-10%10-20%20-30%30-40%40-50%50-100%

>5 GeV/cT

STAR, 200 GeV Au+Au, |y|<1.0, p>6.5 GeV/c

TCMS, 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb, |y|<2.4, 30>p

(b)

AAR

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

partN0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

partN0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0-10%10-20%20-30%30-40%40-60%

STARSTAR Cu+Cu

)>0T

pPHENIX (±πSTAR Liu et al.Model I, Zhao et al.Model II,

/cGeV>5 T

p

200 GeV Au+Au

(a)0-10%10-20%20-30%30-40%40-50%50-100%

>5 GeV/cT

STAR, 200 GeV Au+Au, |y|<1.0, p>6.5 GeV/c

TCMS, 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb, |y|<2.4, 30>p

(b)

• J/ψ at high pT – Stronger suppression at LHC than at RHIC

– Stronger suppression with higher energy density (or Temperature)


Suppression: figure of merit

J Castillo

• Υ suppression at the LHC – RAA(Υ(1S)) > RAA(Υ(2S)) > RAA(Υ(3S)) – Observation of sequential suppression of Υ states at mid-y in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

(High-pT) Quarkonium suppression increases with increasing T Weakly bound quarkonium states are more suppressed

partN0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

AAR

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

(1S)Υ (2S)Υ (3S) 68% CLΥ (3S) 95% CLΥ

< 30 GeV/cµµ

Tp

| < 2.4µµ|y

(5.02 TeV)-1, pp 28.0 pb-1bµPbPb 368/464

CMSPreliminary

Cent.0-100%

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ALICE results on open heavy-flavour and quarkonium...

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