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I- Drugs Containing

Alkaloids

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1- Solanaceous Leavesa- Belladonna leaf (Folium Belladonnae)

"Deadl nig!ts!ade"

rigin#the dried leaf andflowering top ofAtropabelladonnaF. olana!eae

$or%!olog#lea"e# are o"ate$%ellowi#h green in !olo&r$petiolate$ the la'ina i##i'ple$ with entire 'argin$a!&'inate ape( and

de!&rrent )a#e$ lateral "ein#are ana#to'o#ing near the'argin )% a #erie# ofar!he#.

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&o'der#green to )rowni#hgreen$ #howing frag'ent# of*

1. epider'i# with wa"% wall#$#triated !&ti!le$ #to'ata areani#o!%ti!.

2. Non+gland&lar hair#$'&lti!ell&lar$ &ni#eriate.

,. -la"ate hair$ gland&lar with&ni!ell&lar !&r"ed #tal and'&lti!ell&lar !l&)+#hapedhead.

Idio*lasts* paren!h%'a !ell#!ontain 'i!ro#phenoidal!r%#tal# of -a o(alate.

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Active constituents#

$driatic alkaloids* h%o#!%a'ine$ atropine$ h%o#!ine

#!opola'ine and )elladonnine.

N.. h%o#!%a'ine le"orotator% and atropine ra!e'i! arei#o'er#$ atropine i# a)#ent in fre#h plant )&t prod&!ed

d&ring dr%ing )% ra!e'iation of h%o#!%a'ine.

+ses#3Para#%'pathol%ti!3

1. 4%driati!

2. Anti#pa#'odi! for !oli! and red&!e# h%pera!idit%$ #oed in pepti! &l!er.

,. 5o!al anae#theti!.

. edati"e to the re#pirator% ner"e# to relie"e #pa#'odi!!o&gh.

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C!emical tests#

1. 4a%er7# te#t* powder 8 dil. H-l$ )oil$filter$ add 4a%er7# reagent 9 white ppt.

2. Vitali7# te#t* )oil the powder with dil. H-l$filter$ e"aporate to dr%ne##$ !ool add 10

dp#. of !on!. nitri! a!id 9 %ellow

#ol&tion$ e"aporate to dr%ne##$ add 2drop# of al!oholi! K:H 9 "iolet !olo&r.

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*- Stramonium Leaf(Folium Stramonii)

",!orn A%%le Leaf"

rigin#the dried lea"e# andflowering top# of Daturastramonium3 F.olana!eae

$or%!olog#5ea"e# arepetiolate #howing long

petiole hooed whendried$ la'ina i# o"ate!oar#el% dentate witha!&'inate ape( anda#%''etri! )a#e.

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&o'der#gra%i#h green to)rowni#h green in !olo&r$

#howing frag'ent# of*1.

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Active constituents#

4%driati! alaloid#* h%o#!%a'ine$ atropine$apoatropine$ )elladonnine and #!opola'ineh%o#!ine.

+ses#

1. rela( )ron!hial '!le in the )ron!hial #pa#'#of a#th'a.

2. !opola'ine i# effe!ti"e in the pre"ention ofnaea and "o'iting a##o!iated with 'otion

#i!ne##.,. !opola'ine i# ed for preanae#theti!

#edation.

C!emical tests#a# )elladonna.02/10/16 >PURVI H KAKRANI

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c- oscamus Leaves(Folium oscami)

".g%tian en*ane"rigin#the dried lea"e#$

#'aller #te'# andflowering top# of

3Hyoscyamus muticus3F. olana!eae

$or%!olog#

5ea"e# are pale green$fle#h%$ o"ate lan!eolate $)roadl% dentate 'argin$a!&'inate ape( anda#%''etri! )a#e.

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&o'der#%ellowi#h)rown with #alt%ta#te$ #howingfrag'ent# of*

1. epider'i# with 'oreor le## #traight wall#$#'ooth !&ti!le e(!eptat the )a#e of the

hair# it7# #triated$ani#o!%ti! #to'ata.

2. ran!hed gland&larhair.

,. Pri#'# and twinpri#'# of !al!i&'o(alate.

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Active constituents#

0.=+1.;@ of total alaloid#$ 'o#t of whi!h areh%o#!%a'ine$ #!opola'ine.

+ses#

1. #!opola'ine i# a #edati"e to the !entral

ner"o #%#te' and ed a# h%dro)ro'ide a#a #edati"e in a!&te 'ania!al e(!ite'ent.

2. -o')ined with p&rgati"e# to o)"iate theirgriping a!tion.

,. 4%driati!.

C!emical tests#a# )elladonna.

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/- 0a*orandi Leaf(Folium 0a*orandi)

rigin#the dried leaflet# of "arioPilocarpus #pe!ie#$ 'ainl% Pilocarpusjaborandinown a# Perna')&!oa)orandi and Pilocarpus microphyllus

nown a# 4aranha' a)orandi F.R&ta!eae

Active constituents#

1+ 4%oti! alaloid#* pilo!arpine$i#opilo!arpine$ pilo!arpidine andpilo#ine.

2+ Volatile oil

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+ses#"&arasm%at!omimetic"

1+ Biaphoreti! and #ialagog&e.

2+ 4%oti! to ha#ten the !ontra!tion of e%e p&pilafter '%driati!# and for treat'ent of gla&!o'a.

,+ in !onge#tion of the 'iddle and inner ear and inalope!ia.

+ antidote for atropine poi#oning.

C!emical test#

1. 4a%er7# te#t* powder 8 dil. H-l$ )oil$ filter$ add

4a%er7# reagent 9 white ppt.2. Hel!h7# te#t* e(tra!t the powder with dil. H2:6$

filter$ add H2:28 K2-r2:=$ #hae with )enene9 "iolet !olo&r in )enene.

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- Cinc!ona Bark

rigin#the dried #te' and root

)ar of Cinchona succirubraand it# h%)rid# nown a#red -in!hona$ C.Ledgerianaand C. calisayaand their h%)rid# nown a#%ellow -in!hona$ C.officinalisand it# h%)rid#nown a# pale -in!hona F.R&)ia!eae.

$or%!olog#flat$ !&r"ed andC&ill$ with ro&gh gra%i#ho&ter #&rfa!e andlongit&dinall% #triated inner#&rfa!e.

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&o'der#reddi#h )rown$#howing frag'ent# of*

1. !or !ell# thin walled#&)eried with )rown!ontent.

/ Phloe' fi)re$ long$fifor'$ thi! wall$

lignified with narrowl&'en$ pointed ape( and#howing f&nnel+#hapedpit#.

,. paren!h%'a with #tar!h

gran&le#.. Idio)la#t# !ontain

'i!ropri#'# of !al!i&'o(alate.

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Active constituents#

Alaloid#* C&inine$ C&inidine$ !in!honine and !in!honidine in!o')ination with !in!hotanni! a!id.

+ses#

1. D&inine i# anti'al%rial.

2. D&inine i# ed e(ternall% a# hair toni!.

,. D&inidine i# antiarr%th'i!.

. -in!honine and !in!honidine are antirh&'ati!.;. Eotal al!ohol e(tra!t i# )itter #to'a!hi! and toni!.

C!emical test#

1. 4a%er7# te#t* 8"e.

2.

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- 2u3 vomica Seed

(Semen Strc!ni)

rigin#dried #eed# ofStrychnos nux-omicaF.5ogania!eae.

$or%!olog#the #eed# aredi#!+#haped$ a)o&t 20+2; '' in dia'eter and '' thi!$ a#h+gre% togreeni#h+gre% in !olo&r&all% not C&ite flat)eing a little depre##edon one #ide.

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&o'der#%ellowi#h gre% to)rowni#h gre% with )itter

per#i#tent ta#te$ #howingfrag'ent# of*

1. epider'al !ell# #trongl%thi!ened$ lignified

e(tended to for' atri!ho'e$ ea!h tri!ho'eha# ten lignified rod#.

2. 5ignified rod# of thetri!ho'e#.

,. -ell# of endo#per'.

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Active constituents#

Alaloid#* 'ainl% #tr%!hnine and )r&!ine.

+ses#

1. )itter #to'a!hi! and toni!.

2. In!rea#e peri#tal#i# and #o ed in !on#tipation.

,. -N #ti'&lant.. In high do#e# lead# to !on"&l#ion# in"ol"e# re#pirator%

'!le# and death 'a% o!!&r d&e to a#ph%(ia.

C!emical test#1. Powder 8 nitri! a!id 9 orange red !olo&r in the

endo#per' !ell#.

2. Powder 8 #&lfo"anadi! a!id 9 pin to "iolet !olo&re#pe!iall% in endo#per' !ell#.

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4- &omegranate Bark(Corte3 5rantii)

rigin#dried #te' and

root )ar of PunicagranatumF.

P&ni!a!eae.

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Active constituents#

1+fi"e alaloid#$ fo&r liC&id alaloid#*pelletierine$ i#opelletierine$'eth%lpelletierine and'eth%li#opelletierine and one #olid

alaloid p#e&dopelletierine.2+ a)o&t 22@ gallotanni! a!id.

+ses#anthel'inti! for tapewor'.

C!emical test#8"e 4a%er7# te#t.

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