All about the Periodic Table!

Kelsey Tutt-Melissa Mayes-Rileigh Hodges

INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS!

Each element contains the element name, number, symbol, and atomic mass. There are 117 known elements.

GROUPS! Groups run vertically on the periodic table. The elements in a group have the same number of

electrons in their outer orbital. Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in

its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer

shell. As you keep counting the columns, you'll know how many electrons are in the outer shell.

PERIODS! All of the elements in a period have the same

number of atomic orbitals. Every element in the top row has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that. At this time the maximum number of electron orbitals for any element is seven.

Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table, and almost 75% of the elements are metals. Metals are good conductors of heat & electricity. They are also very reactive and solids at room temperature.

METALS!

METALLOIDS! Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals & nonmetals. They are located on the stair step line that divides the metals from the nonmetals. They are usually solids at room temperature.

NONMETALS! Nonmetals are basically the opposite of metals. There are not as many nonmetals, and they are found on the right side of the table. They are mostly gases, and they can not conduct heat or electricity very well. Nonmetals are usually gases at room temperature.

NOBLE GASES! Noble gases are located in group 18. They are called noble because they very rarely bond with other elements because their outer energy level is full. All of them containing 8 valence electrons, except for Helium, which contains two. The list of these elements include Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

Lanthanides: When you look at the periodic table you will see two rows that kind of sit off to the bottom. One of those rows is called the Lanthanide series. Fifteen elements that start with lanthanum (La) at atomic number 57 and finishing up with lutetium (Lu) at number 71 make up this series. These elements can be found naturally on earth.

Actinides: They are all radioactive and some are not found in nature. Some of the elements with higher atomic numbers have only been made in labs. Fifteen elements that start with actinium (Ac) at atomic number 89 and finishing up with lawrencium (Lr) at number 103 complete this series.