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ALL EDEMA IS NOT HEART FAILURE - arcard.orguserfiles/editor/docs/2018/All Edema is not Heart... ·...

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1 ALL EDEMA IS NOT HEART FAILURE Joseph Hackler, DO Disclosures: None
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Page 1: ALL EDEMA IS NOT HEART FAILURE - arcard.orguserfiles/editor/docs/2018/All Edema is not Heart... · edema 2. Discuss the manifestations and ... • Location of edema • Pitting vs

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ALL EDEMA IS NOT HEART FAILURE

Joseph Hackler, DO

Disclosures:  None

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Objectives

1. Discuss the different etiologies/pathophysiology of edema

2. Discuss the manifestations and diagnostic approach to edema

3. Discuss who to refer for further testing

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What Is It and How Does It Get There?

• Palpable swelling caused by expansion of interstitial fluid volume

– Increased capillary hydraulic pressure

• Increased plasma volume from renal sodium retention

• Venous obstruction or insufficiency

– Hypoalbuminemia

– Lymphatic obstruction

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Most Common Etiologies

• Heart Failure

• Cirrhosis

• Nephrotic Syndrome/Other Renal Disease

• Other

– Drugs

– Lymphedema

– Venous insufficiency

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H&P

• Is the edema unilateral or bilateral?

• Ask about disorders that can cause cardiac, hepatic, or renal disease

– CAD

– HTN

– EtOH

• Survey the drug list

• Is there history consistent with sleep apnea?

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H&P

• Location of edema

• Pitting vs non‐pitting

• Ascites

• Estimation of CVP

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Heart Failure

• Things that impair LV function tend to cause pulmonary edema– CAD– HTN heart disease– AV/MV disorders

• Things that impair RV function tend to cause peripheral edema– Cor pulmonale– TV disorders

• Cardiomyopathies usually involve both the LV and RV, thus present with both pulmonary and peripheral edema

Cardiac PE

• Murmur

• Rales

• S3/S4

• JVP

• Edema

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Left vs Right Heart Failure

Pulmonary Edema

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Elevated JVP

Cirrhosis

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Cirrhosis PE

• Ascites first

• Peripheral edema next

• No elevations in JVP given elevations of pressure are below the liver

Renal Disease PE

• PE similar to biventricular failure– Pulmonary and peripheral edema– Elevated JVP– Clues

• Abnormal UA• Elevated BUN/Cr

• Nephrotic syndrome often has periorbital and peripheral edema– Clues

• Nephrotic range proteinuria • Low albumin

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Other Causes PE

• Mostly normal PE

– No rales, S3/4, or elevation in JVP

• Edema can be unilateral

– DVT

– Venous insufficiency

• Non‐pitting when related to lymphedema

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY(CVI)

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Thank You


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