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The Plant Kingdom
What makes a plant a plant?
All Plants:• Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)• Have cell walls made of cellulose• Are Autotrophs – photosynthetic• Are Non-motile (cannot move)
What do plants need to survive?
Plants need:• Sunlight• H2O & CO2
• Nutrients • Water movement
EVOLUTION & BASIC ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS
The first plants were all NONVASCULAR
They have the following properties:1. No vascular tissue
Can only move water from cell to cell by way of osmosis
2. Lack true roots, stems and leaves3. Can not grow upward4. Live in moist environments – these
plants are highly dependent on water
Examples of nonvascular plants
Mosses Liverworts
What came next in plant evolution?
In the evolution of plants, plants went from living exclusively in water
to living on land.
These plants are called VASCULAR PLANTS
Example of a vascular plant
Vascular Plant PropertiesIn order to survive in a new terrestrial
environment, plants had to be able to do 3 things:
1. Absorb Nutrients2. Prevent Water loss3. Reproduce on land
How did they accomplish this?
Absorbing NutrientsRoot systems and vascular tissue that
allow movement of water and nutrients through the plant body.
Preventing Water Loss1. Cuticle
Waxy covering of the plant2. Stomata
Opening that allows plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Reproducing On LandSeeds
Contain the embryo of the plant
FlowersA reproductive structure that
produces pollen (sperm) and seeds
(eggs)
All Vascular Plant Have:Vascular tissue:
Special tissues that can move water, nutrients and dissolved minerals through the plant body, even against the force of
gravity.
All Vascular Plant Have:True roots, stems and leaves
All Vascular Plant Have:The ability to grow upward
Plant Taxonomy
Plant ClassificationHistorically botanists used the term
division while zoologist used the term phylum, but they are the same.
Phylum = division
Today these terms are interchangeable
Plant Classification
All plants are classified into one of the following 10
divisions or phyla:
Bryophyta
•Mosses • Liverworts
Psilophyta
Club Mosses
Lycophyta
SphenophytaHorsetails
Equisetum
PterophytaFerns
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo biloba
Gnetophyta
Gnetum
Welwitschia
Coniferophyta
Anthophyta