All Super Scientists Know That… A variable is: something that is different in an experiment. You...

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…

A variable is:

something that is different in an experiment. You want only one variable in an experiment.


Matter is:

anything that has mass and takes up space.


Mass can be measured using a balance scale. Mass is different from weight because mass is not affected by gravity. (Ex: A rock on the Moon will have the same mass on Earth, but the weight on the Earth will be greater due to gravity.)


The amount of space that an object takes up is its volume. Volume is length x width x height.


A hypothesis is an educated

guess.


A bucket of water would be used to measure

density. Density tells you how tightly packed the particles are in an

object.


In order for a scientific explanation to be

credible, it must be repeated over and

over.


The purpose of using a model is to show something that is either too big or too small to actually be seen.

All models have good things and bad things about

them.


Traits that you get from your parents are

called inherited traits. Both animals and

plants inherit traits.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Learned characteristics are features that result from the

influence of the environment. Example:

Raccoons who live in cities have learned to open

garbage cans to get food.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Adaptive characteristics are things

that help an organism survive. Examples: Jackrabbits have long legs for escaping predators. A cactus can hold a great deal of water, since it rains very little

where they grow. Roses have thorns to keep things from eating it.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…A niche describes the job or role of a particular organism in a habitat. Examples: A

lizard has a sticky tongue for catching bugs. An owl hunts

for mice at night.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Plants and animals both have

life cycles. These life cycles have similarities and

differences, but all life cycles always begin with an egg or

seed and end in death.


Metamorphosis is either complete or incomplete. Complete has egg, larva,

pupa, and adult. Incomplete has egg,

nymph and adult.


Animals adapt in order to survive

in an ecosystem.


Adaptive characteristics such as long hair for

warmth, a smooth body for swimming, or a good

sense of smell for hunting help animals to survive.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Environmental changes such as a lack of oxygen, water, or food supplies can cause living things

to become ill or die. When food, water, or oxygen is

plentiful, it can cause living things to thrive.


Often, living organisms modify, or change, their physical environment to meet their needs. Examples include

beavers building a dam or a human building a home.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…A food web lets you know "what is

eating what" in a habitat. The plants are the producers, the

animals that eat the plants are the consumers, the animals that eat consumers are predators and the things that eat dead or decaying

objects are decomposers.


The source of all life on Earth is

the Sun.


An example of light energy is the lights in

your house or the light that your

television puts out.


An example of electrical energy is plugging

something into a socket. You must have a

complete circuit in order for it to work.


Reflection is when light rays bounce back at

you. Examples include mirrors and tinted

windows.


Refraction is the bending of light. Examples include

cameras, telescopes, and eyeglasses.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Electricity flowing in a circuit can

produce heat, light, sound and magnetic effects. When you plug in your television, you get light,

heat and sound energy. An electromagnet, when hooked up to

an electric circuit produces magnetic effects.


Vibration causes sound to occur.

Examples include your vocal cords, a

drum, or a bell.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Physical properties tell you all

about an object. It lets you know if an object is magnetic, a solid, a liquid or a gas, and

whether or not it is a conductor of electricity, heat

and sound.


An object that is a conductor allows

things, like heat, sound, or electric current, to

flow through it.


An insulator does not allow heat, sound or

electricity to flow through it. It holds

them in.


A mixture occurs when two or more substances are mixed together. To

separate a mixture you must look at the substances' physical properties in

order to decide how to separate it. If one of the substances is magnetic, you can separate it with a magnet. If one of the substances is dissolved in a liquid, you can use evaporation to separate it.


When you dissolve something in water, like sugar, the sugar breaks down into very tiny pieces. While it is dissolved, it no longer behaves like a solid, but behaves instead like a liquid. When you separate the mixture through evaporation, the sugar is once again a solid.


The freezing and melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius.

This is different than the freezing and melting point of another substance like gold.


The boiling point of water is 100 degrees

Celsius. This is different than the

boiling point of gold.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Friction occurs when objects rub against each other. An example would be a car tire skidding on a road. Low friction is when things

slide easily, like a water slide. High friction occurs when things don’t

slide easily, like sandpaper.


Gravity is the force that pulls all objects down. An

example would be your force throwing a ball up, and the force of gravity

pulling it down.


Deposition is the deposit of sediment over a period of time. Deltas are formed because of deposition. Also, sedimentary rock layers, like those seen in

the Grand Canyon are the result of deposition.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Weathering is the breaking up of

large rocks into smaller rocks. When these small rocks move from one place to another by

wind or water, erosion occurs. Weathering and erosion of

rocks takes millions of years.


Deposition is a constructive force because you construct or make

something because of it. Weathering is a destructive

force because you destroy or break something down because

of it.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…The Earth is different from the moon because the Earth has:

an atmosphere

liquid water

much more gravity than the moon.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…When looking at tree-growth rings, you

can tell a lot about a tree’s life. Rings that are light and far apart tell you that that was a good year for the tree with lots of water and nutrients. Rings that

are close together and dark tell you that the tree was missing either water,

nutrients in the soil or sunlight.


Renewable resources can be replaced. An example is planting a

tree.

All Super Scientists Know All Super Scientists Know That…That…Nonrenewable resources can NOT be replaced. Once they are gone, they are gone forever. Examples are coal, oil, minerals and natural gas. We need to work to replace

some of the nonrenewable resources we use with renewable

resources.


Inexhaustible resources get used over and over. An

example is the wind or ocean waves.


When the Earth spins around once on its axis, a day occurs.

This is called rotation. (rotation…roDAYtion)


When the moon makes one complete orbit around the Earth, a month occurs.


When the Earth completes one turn around the Sun, a year occurs. This is called a revolution. (revolution…4 syllables…4 seasons)


The water cycle includes evaporation (liquid to gas), condensation (gas to liquid), and precipitation. If one step is removed, it will not work.


The nitrogen cycle puts nitrates into the soil for plants (producers) to use.


The carbon-dioxide/oxygen cycle produces oxygen for us to breathe. We take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.


When growing things in soil: clay soil (small particles) does not allow water to absorb quickly at all, sandy soil (big particles) allows the water to travel straight through it very quickly and loam (medium-sized particles) is just right.


Our Sun supports all life on Earth. It also creates wind and aids in the evaporation process in the water cycle.


Know the order of our planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.


Sunspots are the cool dark spots on our Sun.


Solar flares are the extremely hot gaseous explosions that occur on the Sun’s surface.


The outer layer of the Sun is called the corona.


The surface of the Earth can be greatly changed by forces such as earthquakes and moving glaciers.

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