Rev 7, 11th July 20151 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION OPP. SAFDARJUNG AIRPORT, NEW
DELHI 110 003 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTSECTION 8 - AIRCRAFT
OPERATIONS SERIES C PART I Issue I, Dated 13th June 2011
Effective:20th July 2015 F. No 22024/6/2012-FSD Subject: All
Weather Operations (AWO) 1.INTRODUCTION Aerodrome Operating Minima
are established in order to ensure the desired level
ofsafetyinAeroplaneOperationsatanAerodromebylimitingtheseoperationsin
specifiedweatherconditions.Thevaluesofaerodromeoperatingminimafora
particularoperationmustensurethatatalltimesthecombinationofinformation
availablefromexternalsourcesandtheaeroplaneinstrumentsandequipmentis
sufficient to enable the aeroplane to be operated along the desired
flight path. 2.APPLICABILITY:All Operators
ThisCivilAviationRequirement(CAR)laysdowntherequirementsforallweather
operations conducted by Scheduled, Non-scheduled and General
Aviation operators (Aeroplanes). This CAR is issued under the
provisions of Schedule II, Rule 29C and Rule 133A of the Aircraft
Rules, 1937. 3.DEFINITIONS/TERMINOLOGY
ForthepurposeofthisCAR,definitionsandterminologyassociatedwithAWOare
amplified below; Aerodrome operating minima. The limits of
usability of an aerodrome for:
a)take-off,expressedintermsofrunwayvisualrangeand/orvisibility
and,if necessary, cloud conditions; b)landingin2 Di n s t r u me nt
approachoperations,expressedinterms CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev 7, 11th July 20152 of
visibilityand/orrunwayvisualrange; minimum descent altitude/height
(MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud conditions; and
c)landingin3Dinstrumentapproachoperations,expressedintermsof
visibilityand/orrunwayvisualrangeanddecisionaltitude/height(DA/H)
appropriate to the type and/or category of the operation.
Alertheight.Analertheightisaheightabovetherunwaythresholdbasedonthe
characteristics of the aeroplane and its fail operational landing
system, above which a Category III operation would be discontinued
and a missed approach initiated if a
failureoccurredinoneoftheredundantpartsofthelandingsystem,orinthe
relevant ground equipment.
Allweatheroperations.Anysurfacemovement,take-off,departure,approachor
landingoperationsinconditionswherevisualreferenceislimitedbyweather
conditions. Alternate aerodrome.
Anaerodrometowhichanaircraftmayproceed whenit becomes either
impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at
theaerodromeofintendedlandingwherethenecessaryservicesand
facilitiesareavailable,whereaircraftperformancerequirementscanbe
metandwhichisoperationalattheexpectedtimeofuse.Alternate aerodromes
include the following:
Take-offalternate.Analternateaerodromeatwhichanaircraftwould
beabletolandshouldthisbecomenecessaryshortlyaftertake-off
anditisnotpossibletousethe aerodrome of departure. En-route
alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be
able to land in the event that a diversion becomes necessary while
en-route.
Destinationalternate.Analternateaerodromeatwhichanaircraft
wouldbeabletolandshoulditbecomeeitherimpossibleor
inadvisabletolandattheaerodromeof intended landing.
Note:Theaerodromefromwhichaflightdepartsmayalsobeanen-routeora
destination alternate aerodrome for that flight . CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 3 Rev 4, 10th
December 2013
Approachbanpoint.Thepointonafinalapproachwherethereportedweather
conditions at the runway must meet the applicable minima so as to
be able to meet regulatory requirements for continuing an
instrument approach to a landing. utomatic flight control system
(AFCS) with coupled approach mode. Airborne
systemwhichprovidesautomaticcontroloftheflightpathoftheaeroplaneduring
approach. Automatic landing system. The airbornesystem
whichprovides automatic control of the aeroplane during the
approach and landing. Categories of aeroplanes. The following five
categories of typical aeroplanes have
beenestablishedbasedtheindicatedairspeedatthreshold(Vat)whichisequalto
the stall speed Vso multiplied by 1.3 or stall speed Vs1g
multiplied by 1.23 (whichever is higher) in the landing
configuration at maximum certificated landing mass. Category Aless
than 169 km/h (91 kt) IAS Category B169 km/h (91 kt) or more but
less than 224 km/h (121 kt) IAS Category C224 km/h (121 kt) or more
but less than 261 km/h (141 kt) IAS Category D261 km/h (141 kt) or
more but less than 307 km/h (166 kt) IAS Category E307 km/h (166
kt) or more but less than 391 km/h (211 kt) IAS
Ceiling.Theheightabovethegroundorwaterofthebaseofthelowestlayerof
cloud below 6000 m (20 000 ft) covering more than half the sky.
Circlingapproach.Anextensionofaninstrumentapproachprocedurewhich
provides for visual circling of the aerodrome prior to landing.
Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving
the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or
hire.
ContinuousDescentFinalApproach(CDFA).Atechnique,consistentwith
stabilizedapproachprocedures,forflyingthefinalapproachsegmentofanon-precision
instrument approach procedure as a continuous descent, without
level-off,
fromanaltitude/heightatorabovethefinalapproachfixaltitude/heighttoapoint
approximately15m(50ft)abovethelandingrunwaythresholdorthepointwhere
the flare manoeuvre should begin for the type of aircraft flown.
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011
4 Rev 7, 11th July 2015 Converted Meteorological Visibility (CMV).
A value equivalent to an RVR which is
derivedfromthereportedmeteorologicalvisibility,asconvertedinaccordancewith
the specified requirements in the CAR Decision altitude (DA) or
decision height (DH). A specified altitude or height in a
3Dinstrumentapproachoperationatwhichamissedapproachmustbeinitiatedif
the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been
established. Note 1. Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean
sea level and decision height (DH) is referenced to the threshold
elevation. Note 2. The required visual reference means that section
of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been
in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an
assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of position,
in relation to the desired flight path. In Category III operations
with a decision height the required visual reference is that
specified for the particular procedure and operation. Note 3. For
convenience where both expressions are used they may be written in
the form decision altitude/height and abbreviated DA/H. Enhanced
vision system (EVS). A system to display electronic real-time
images of the external scene achieved through the use of image
sensors.
Equivalentposition.ApositionthatcanbeestablishedbymeansofaDME
distance,asuitablylocatedNDBorVOR,SREorPARfixoranyothersuitablefix
betweenthreeandfivemilesfromthresholdthatindependentlyestablishesthe
position of the aeroplane.
Fail-operationalautomaticlandingsystem.Anautomaticlandingsystemisfail-operationalif,intheeventofafailure,theapproach,flareandlandingcanbe
completed by the remaining part of the automatic
system.Fail-operational hybrid landing system.Asystem
whichconsistsof two or more
independentlandingsystems.Intheeventoffailureofonesystem,guidanceor
control is provided by the remaining system(s) to permit completion
of the landing.
Note.Afail-operationalhybridlandingsystemmayconsistofafail-passive
automatic landing system with a monitored head-up display which
provides guidance
toenablethepilottocompletethelandingmanuallyafterfailureoftheautomatic
landing system.
Fail-passiveautomaticlandingsystem.Anautomaticlandingsystemisfail-passive
if, in the event of a failure, there is no significant deviation of
aeroplane trim, flight path or attitude but the landing will not be
completed automatically.CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8
SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th December 20135Final
approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure which
commences
atthespecifiedfinalapproachfixorpoint,orwheresuchafixorpointisnot
specified, a)at the end of the last procedure turn, base turn or
inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if specified; or
b)Atthepointofinterceptionofthelasttrackspecifiedintheapproach
procedure; and ends at a point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from
which: 1)A landing can be made; or 2)A missed approach procedure is
initiated.
Finalapproachsegment(FAS).Thatsegmentofaninstrumentapproach
procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are
accomplished Flight visibility. The visibility forward from the
cockpit of an aircraft in flight. GLS. An instrument approach
operation that is based on GBAS.
Ground-basedaugmentationsystem(GBAS).Anaugmentationsysteminwhich
the user receives augmentation information directly from a
ground-based transmitter.
Head-updisplay(HUD).Adisplaysystemthatpresentsflightinformationintothe
pilots forward external field of view.
Head-updisplay(HUD)approachandlandingguidancesystem(HUDLS).An
airborneinstrumentsystemwhichpresentssufficientinformationandguidanceina
specificareaoftheaircraftwindshield,superimposed
foraconformalviewwiththe external visual scene, which permits the
pilot to manoeuvre the aircraft manually by
referencetothatinformationandguidancealonetoalevelofperformanceand
reliability that is acceptable for the category of operation
concerned.
Groundvisibility.Thevisibilityatanaerodromeasreportedbyanaccredited
observer or by automatic systems. ILScriticalarea.
Anareaofdefineddimensionsaboutthelocalizerandglidepath
antennaswherevehicles,includingaircraft,areexcludedduringallILSoperations.
The critical area is protected because the presence of vehicles
and/or aircraft inside its boundaries will cause unacceptable
disturbance to the ILS signal-in-space.
ILSsensitivearea.Anareaextendingbeyondthecriticalareawheretheparking
and/or movement of vehicles, including aircraft, is controlled to
prevent the possibility
ofunacceptableinterferencetotheILSsignalduringILSoperations.Thesensitive
areais protected to provideprotection against interference caused
by largemoving objects outside the critical area but still normally
within the airfield boundary. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8
SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 7, 11th July 20156Instrument
approach operations. An approach and landing using instruments for
navigation guidance based on an instrument approach procedure.
There are two methods for executing instrument approach operations:
a)atwo-dimensional(2D)instrumentapproachoperation,usinglateral
navigation guidance only; and
b)athree-dimensional(3D)instrumentapproachoperation,usingboth
lateral and vertical navigation guidance.
Note.Lateralandverticalnavigationguidancereferstotheguidance
provided either by: a) a ground-based radio navigation aid; or b)
computer-generated navigation datafrom ground-based,
space-based,self-contained navigation aids or a combination of
these.
Instrumentapproachoperationsshallbeclassifiedbasedonthedesignedlowest
operatingminimabelowwhich anapproachoperation
shallonlybecontinuedwith the required visual reference as follows:
a) Type A: a minimum descent height or decision height at or above
75 m (250 ft); and b)TypeB:a decision heightbelow 75m(250ft).
TypeBinstrument approach operations are categorized as:
1)CategoryI(CATI):adecisionheightnotlowerthan60m(200ft)andwith
either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range
not less than 550 m; 2)Category II (CAT II): a decision height
lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m(100 ft) and a
runway visual range not less than 300 m;
3)CategoryIIIA(CATIIIA):adecisionheightlowerthan30m(100ft)orno
decision height and a runway visual range not less than 175 m;
4)CategoryIIIB(CATIIIB):adecisionheightlowerthan15m(50ft),orno
decision height and a runway visual range less than 175 m but not
less than 50 m; and
5)CategoryIIIC(CATIIIC):nodecisionheightandnorunwayvisualrange
limitations.
Note1.Wheredecisionheight(DH)andrunwayvisualrange(RVR)fallinto
differentcategoriesofoperation,theinstrumentapproachoperationwouldbe
conductedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemostdemandingcategory
(e.g. an operation with a DH in the range of CAT IIIA but with an
RVR in the range of CAT IIIB would be considered a CAT IIIB
operation or an operation with a DH in the CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 7 Rev 5, 3rd
June 2014 range of CAT II but with an RVR in the range of CAT I
would be considered a CAT II operation). Note 2. The required
visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the
approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time
for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position
and rate of change of position, in
relationtothedesiredflightpath.Inthecaseofacirclingapproachoperationthe
required visual reference is the runway environment.
Note3.Guidanceonapproachclassificationasitrelatestoinstrumentapproach
operations,procedures,runwaysandnavigationsystemsiscontainedintheAll
Weather Operations Manual (Doc 9365).
Instrumentapproachprocedure.Aseriesofpredeterminedmanoeuvresby
reference to flight instruments with specified protection from
obstacles from the initial approach fix,or whereapplicable, from
the beginning of adefined arrivalroute to a
pointfromwhichalandingcanbecompletedandthereafter,ifalandingisnot
completed,toapositionatwhichholdingoren-routeobstacleclearancecriteria
apply. Instrument approach procedures are classified as follows:
Non-precisionapproach(NPA)procedure.Aninstrumentapproachprocedure
designed for 2D instrument approach operations Type A.
Note.Non-precisionapproachproceduresmaybeflownusingacontinuous
descent final approach technique (CDFA). CDFA with advisory VNAV
guidance calculated by on-board equipment (see PANS-OPS (Doc 8168),
Volume I, Part
I,Section4,Chapter1,paragraph1.8.1)areconsidered3Dinstrument
approachoperations.CDFAwithmanualcalculationoftherequiredrateof
descentareconsidered2Dinstrumentapproachoperations.Formore
informationonCDFArefertoPANS-OPS(Doc8168),VolumeI,Section1.7 and
1.8. Approachprocedurewithverticalguidance(APV).Aperformance-based
navigation(PBN)instrumentapproachproceduredesignedfor3Dinstrument
approach operations Type A.
Precisionapproach(PA)procedure.Aninstrumentapproachprocedurebased
onnavigationsystems(ILS,MLS,GLSandSBASCatI)designedfor3D instrument
approach operations Type A or B. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev 7, 11th July 20158
Instrumentflightrules(IFR).Asetofrulesgoverningtheconductofflightunder
instrument meteorological conditions. Note. IFR specifications are
found in Chapter 4 of Annex 2. Instrument flight rules may be
followed in both IMC and VMC. Instrument meteorological conditions
(IMC). Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility,
distance from cloud, and ceiling*, less than the minima specified
for visual meteorological conditions. Note 1. *Ceiling as defined
in Annex 2.
Note2-Thespecifiedminimaforvisualmeteorologicalconditionsare
contained inAnnex 2. Low visibility procedures(LVP).
Specificprocedures applied at an aerodrome for
thepurposeofensuringsafeoperationsduringCategoriesIIandIIIapproaches
and/or low visibility take-offs. Low visibility take-off (LVTO). A
term usedin relation to flight operations referring to a take-off
on a runway where the RVR is less than 400 m. Minimum descent
altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH). A specified
altitudeorheightina2Dinstrumentapproachorcirclingapproachbelowwhich
descent must not be made without the required visual reference.
Note1.Minimumdescentaltitude(MDA)isreferencedtomeansealeveland
minimumdescentheight(MDH)isreferencedtotheaerodromeelevationortothe
threshold elevationif thatis morethan 2m (7 ft) belowthe aerodrome
elevation. A
minimumdescentheightforacirclingapproachisreferencedtotheaerodrome
elevation. Note 2. The required visual reference means that section
of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been
in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an
assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of position,
in
relationtothedesiredflightpath.Inthecaseofacirclingapproachtherequired
visual reference is the runway environment. Note 3. For convenience
when both expressions are used they may be written in the form
minimum descent altitude/ height and abbreviated MDA/H. Missed
approach point (MAPt). That point in an instrument approach
procedure at or before which the prescribed missed approach
procedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the minimum
obstacle clearance is not infringed. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev7, 11th July 20159Missed
approach procedure. The procedure to be followed if the approach
cannot be continued.
Obstacleclearancealtitude(OCA)orobstacleclearanceheight(OCH).The
lowestaltitudeorthelowestheightabovetheelevationoftherelevantrunway
threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in
establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance
criteria. Note 1. Obstacle clearance altitude is referenced to mean
sea level and obstacle
clearanceheightisreferencedtothethresholdelevationorinthecaseofnon-precision
approach procedures to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold
elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome
elevation. An obstacle clearance height for a circling approach is
referenced to the aerodrome elevation. Note 2. For convenience when
both expressions are used they may be written in the form obstacle
clearance altitude/ height and abbreviated OCA/H.
Obstaclefreezone(OFZ).Theairspaceabovetheinnerapproachsurface,inner
transitionalsurfaces,andbalkedlandingsurfaceandthatportionofthestrip
bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed
obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required
for air navigation purposes. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8
SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th December
201310Performance-basednavigation(PBN).Areanavigationbasedonperformance
requirementsforaircraftoperatingalonganATSroute,onaninstrumentapproach
procedure or in a designated
airspace.Note.Performancerequirementsareexpressedinnavigationspecifications
(RNAVspecification,RNPspecification)intermsofaccuracy,integrity,continuity,
availabilityandfunctionalityneededfortheproposedoperationinthecontextofa
particular airspace concept. Procedure turn. A manoeuvre in which a
turn is made away from a designated track
followedbyaturnintheoppositedirectiontopermittheaircrafttointerceptand
proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track.
Note1.Procedureturnsaredesignatedleftorrightaccordingtothe
direction of the initial turn. Note 2. Procedure turns may be
designated as being made either in level flight or while
descending, according to the circumstances of each individual
instrument approach procedure.
RequiredNavigationPerformance(RNP).Astatementofthenavigation
performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace
Note.Navigationperformanceandrequirementsaredefinedforaparticular
RNP type and/or application.
Runwayholdingposition.Adesignatedpositionintendedtoprotectarunway,an
obstaclelimitationsurface,oranILScritical/sensitiveareaatwhichtaxiingaircraft
andvehiclesshallstopandhold,unlessotherwiseauthorisedbytheaerodrome
control tower. Note. In radiotelephony phraseologies, the
expression holding point is used to designate the runway-holding
position.
Runwayvisualrange(RVR).Therangeoverwhichthepilotofanaircraftonthe
centreline of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the
lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline.
StabilisedApproach.(SAp).Anapproachwhichisflowninacontrolledand
appropriatemannerintermsofconfiguration,energyandcontroloftheflightpath
fromapre-determinedpointoraltitude/heightdowntoapoint50feetabovethe
threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre is initiated, if
higher.Surveillance radar. Radar equipment used to determine the
position of an aircraft in range and azimuth. Touchdown zone (TDZ).
The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended
landing aeroplanes first contact the runway. CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th
December
201311VerticalNavigation(VNAV).Amethodofnavigationwhichpermitsaircraft
operationonaverticalflightprofileusingaltimetrysources,externalflightpath
references, or a combination of these. Visibility. Visibility for
aeronautical purposes is the greater of: a)the greatest distance at
which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the
ground, can be seen and recognized when observed against a bright
background; b)The greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity
of 1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit
background.
Note1.Thetwodistanceshavedifferentvaluesinairofagivenextinction
coefficient, andthe latter b) varies withthe background
illumination.The former a) is represented by the meteorological
optical range (MOR).
Note2.Thedefinitionappliestotheobservationsofvisibilityinlocalroutine
andspecialreports,totheobservationsofprevailingandminimumvisibility
reported in METAR and SPECI and to the observations of ground
visibility.
Visualapproach.AnapproachbyanIFRflightwheneitherpartorallofan
instrumentapproachprocedureisnotcompletedandtheapproachisexecutedby
visual reference to terrain. Visual flight rules (VFR). Regulatory
provisions for visual flight.Note VFR specifications are found in
Annex 2
Visualmeteorologicalconditions(VMC).Meteorologicalconditionsexpressedin
terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling*, equal to or
better than specified minima. Note 1 - * Ceiling as defined in
Annex 2.Note 2 - VFR specifications are found in Annex 2
4.AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA (AOM)- GENERAL 4.1 To enable
Scheduled, Non-scheduled and General Aviation Operators to operate
safely at an aerodrome under limiting weather conditions, Aerodrome
Operating
Minima(AOM)areestablished.TherearetwosetsofAerodromeOperating
MinimaforapplicationbyIndianoperatorsandatIndianaerodromes;Normal
AerodromeOperatingMinimaandRestrictedAerodromeOperatingMinima.Normal
AOM is to be applied by scheduled operators.Restricted AOM consists
of additives of height and visibility to the normal AOM and is to
be applied in the following cases;
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE
2011 Rev. 4, 10th December 201312(a)By non-scheduled and general
aviation operators.
(b)ByPICswhenoperatingtoanaerodromeasrequiredbyCARSection8 Series O
Part II Para 9.4.3.3 (a). (c)By PICs till they have gained command
experience of 100 hours on type. 4.2An operator shall establish,
for each aerodrome planned to be used, aerodrome
operatingminima.Themethodofdeterminationofsuchminimamustbe approved
by DGCA and shall be consistent with the provisions of this CAR and
ICAODoc9365ManualofAllWeatherOperationsDoc9365/AN/910(3rd edition).
Such minima shall not be lower thanthat may be established for such
aerodromesbytheStateinwhichtheaerodromeislocated,exceptwhen
specificallyapprovedbythatState.ForeignAirOperatorsaretobeauthorized
bytheStateoftheOperatorfortheuseoftheAOMinaccordancewith
requirementsoftheContractingState,howeverinnocasewilltheyoperateat
Indian Aerodromes at less than the Normal AOM.
4.3Inestablishingtheaerodromeoperatingminimawhichwillapplytoany
particular operation, an operator must take full account of: (a)the
type, performance and handling characteristics of the aeroplane;
(b)the composition of the flight crew, their competence and
experience; (c)the dimensions and characteristics of the runways
which may be selected for use; (d)the adequacy and performance of
the available visual and non-visual ground aids;
(e)theequipmentavailableontheaeroplaneforthepurposeofnavigation
and/orcontroloftheflightpath,asappropriate,duringthetake-off,the
approach, the flare, the landing, roll-out and the missed approach;
(f)theobstaclesintheapproach,missedapproachandtheclimb-outareas
required for the execution of contingency procedures and necessary
clearance;
(g)theobstacleclearancealtitude/heightfortheinstrumentapproach
procedures; (h)the means to determine and report meteorological
conditions; and (i)the flight technique to be used during the final
approach. 4.4 The operator shall ensure the following: (a)the PIC
and Co-pilot must hold an instrument rating for flights under IFR
and meet the requirements for recent experience; CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 5, 3rd
June
201413(b)allflightcrewmembersshouldbequalifiedandtrainedfortake-off,
instrumentapproachesandoperationstothelowestCat-I/II/IIIminimaas
applicable;
(c)theflightcrewmembersshouldhavecompletedallnecessaryproficiency
checksincludingdemonstrationofproficiencyusingtherelevanttypesof
instrument approaches;
(d)theOperationsManualinstructionsareappropriatetotheoperationand
reflectthemandatoryproceduresand/orlimitationscontainedintheFlight
Manual; (e)asystemofrecordsismaintainedtoensurethatthenecessary
qualificationsoftheflightcrewmembersarebeingmetonacontinuing basis;
and (f)the PIC of a scheduled operator must have gained command
experience of 100 hours in the relevant aeroplane type with
restricted AOM before using normal AOM. 4.5Approach and landing
conditions Before commencingan approach toland,the PIC must satisfy
himself/herself
that,accordingtotheinformationavailabletohim/her,theweatheratthe
aerodromeandtheconditionoftherunwayintendedtobeusedshouldnot
preventasafeapproach,landingormissedapproach,havingregardtothe
performance information contained in the Operations Manual.
4.6Commencement and Continuation of Approach (Approach Ban Policy)
4.6.1ThePICshallnotcommenceaninstrumentapproachifthereported
RVR/Visibility is below the applicable minimum.
4.6.2If,aftercommencinganinstrumentapproach,thereportedRVR/Visibilityfalls
below the applicable minimum, the approach shall not be continued:
(a)below 1 000 ft above the aerodrome; or (b)into the final
approach segment. 4.6.3 Where the RVR is not available, RVR values
may be derived by converting the reported visibility. CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
5, 3rd June
2014144.6.4If,afterenteringthefinalapproachsegmentordescendingbelow1000ft
abovetheaerodromeelevation,thereportedRVR/visibilityfallsbelowthe
applicable minimum, the approach may be continued to DA/H or MDA/H.
4.6.5Theapproachmay becontinuedbelowDA/HorMDA/Handthelandingmay
becompleted providedthat the required visualreference is
established at the DA/H or MDA/H and is maintained. 4.6.6
Thetouch-down zoneRVRisalways controlling.Ifreported
andrelevant,the mid-point and stop-end RVR are also controlling.
The minimum RVR value for the mid-point is 125 m or the RVR
required for the touch-down zone if less, and 50 m for the
stop-end. For aeroplanes equipped with a stop-end (roll-out)
guidance or control system, the minimum RVR value for the mid-point
is 50 m. Note:Relevant,inthiscontext,meansthatpartoftherunwayused
duringthehighspeedphaseofthelandingdowntoaspeedof approximately 60
knots. 4.7Stabilized Approaches All approaches shall be flown as
stabilised approaches (SAp) unless otherwise approved by DGCA for a
particular approach to a particular runway. 4.8 Non-precision
Approaches. All non-precision approaches shall be flown using the
Continuous Descent Final
Approaches(CDFA)techniqueunlessotherwiseapprovedbytheDGCAfora
particularapproachtoaparticularrunway.Whencalculatingtheminimathe
operator shall ensure that the applicable minimum RVR is increased
by
200mforCatA/Baeroplanesandby400mforCatC/DaeroplanesforapproachesnotflownusingtheCDFAtechnique,providingthattheresulting
RVR/CMV value does not exceed 5000m. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th December
2013154.9Conversion of Reported Meteorological Visibility to
RVR/CMV Horizontal visibility reported by the meteorological office
could be different from
theslantvisibilityobservedbythepilotduetofactorssuchaslowlyinghaze
andasmokelayer.Thereportedvisibilityhasinherentlimitationsduetothe
factthatitisreportedatasitethatisremovedfromthepointatwhichapilot
makes the approach to land and is expected to acquire the visual
reference to
continuetheapproach.AnRVRisabetterrepresentationoftheexpected
distancethatthepilotmayacquirevisualcuesonapproach.AsRVRand
meteorologicalvisibilityareestablisheddifferently,aratiocanbeidentified
between the two.Effect of lighting intensities and background
luminance play a role when establishing an RVR. In cases where the
RVR is not reported, a pilot may derive RVR/CMV by using a
mathematical conversion depending upon the type of approach
lighting and day/night conditions.The RVR/CMV derived from
thetablebelowmaybeusedbyanoperatortocommenceorcontinuean approach
to the applicable DA/MDA. An Operator should ensure that a
meteorological visibility to RVR conversion is not used; a)for
takeoff,b)for calculating any other required RVR minimum less than
800 m, c) for visual/circling approaches,d)or when reported RVR is
available. When converting meteorological visibility to RVR in all
other circumstances than those in sub-paragraph above, an operator
should ensure that Table 1 below is used: Note-If the RVR is
reported as being above the maximum value assessed by
theaerodromeoperator,e.g.RVRmorethan1500metres,itisnot considered
to be a reported value for the purpose of this paragraph. Table 1:
Conversion of Meteorological visibility to RVR Lightingelementsin
operation RVR=Reported Meteorological. Visibility x DayNight
HIapproachand runway lighting 1520 Anytypeoflighting
installationotherthan above 1015 No lighting10Not applicable CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
4, 10th December 2013165.LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS -GENERAL 5.1 An
operator shall not conduct Category II or III operations unless:
(a)
Eachaeroplaneconcernediscertifiedforoperationswithdecisionheights
below200ft,ornodecisionheight,andequippedinaccordancewithCAR
Section2SeriesOPartXIVAirworthinessandMaintenanceRequirements for
Cat II/III Operations. (b)
TheoperationsareapprovedbyDGCAinaccordancewithCARSection2 Series O
Part XIV Airworthiness and Maintenance Requirements for Cat II/III
Operations, CAR Section 8 Series B Part I Operator Authorization
for ILS Cat II/III/A/B Operations andthis CAR. (c)A suitable system
for recording approach and/or automatic landing success and failure
is established and maintained to monitor the overall safety of the
operation; (d) The flight crew consists of at least two pilots; and
(e) Decision height is determined by means of a radio altimeter.
5.2Anoperatorshallnot
conductlowvisibilitytake-offsinlessthan400mRVR
unlessapprovedbyDGCA.ScheduledoperatorsmaybeauthorizedLVTO
minimaofupto125m.Thisrequiresthata90mvisualsegmentshallbe
availablefromthecockpitatthestartofthetake-offrun.Foreignoperators,
who are authorized by their State Regulatory Authority for LVTO,
shall submit
requisitedocumentstoDGCAforapprovalofLVTOatIndianaerodromes.Non-scheduledandgeneralaviationoperatorsshallnotconducttake-offs
below 500 m RVR. 6.LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS AERODROME
CONSIDERATIONS
6.1AnoperatorshallnotuseanaerodromeforCategoryIIorIIIoperations
unless the aerodrome is approved for such operations. 6.2
Anoperatorshallverifythatlowvisibilityprocedures(LVP)havebeen
established,andwillbeenforced,atthoseaerodromeswherelowvisibility
operations are to be conducted. CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION
8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 5, 3rd June 2014177.LOW
VISIBILITY OPERATIONS TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS 7.1An operator
shall ensure that low visibility training and checking is conducted
in accordance with a detailed syllabus approved by FSD, DGCA and
included
intheOperationsManual.Theflightcrewqualificationisspecifictothe
operation and aircraft type.An operator shall ensure that, prior to
conductingLVTO,Category IIandIII operations each flight crew member
completesthe training and checking requirements for LVTO and CAT
II/III prescribedherein
tothelimitingvaluesofRVRandDecisionHeightappropriatetotheoperators
approval; and is qualified in accordance with this CAR.LVTO and CAT
II/III authorization shall be applicable only to scheduled
operators. LVTO and CAT II/IIItraining and qualification
shallbebasedonamodular concept of training.LVTO training and
qualification module is a pre-requisite for CAT
II/IIItrainingandqualificationmodules.CATII/IIItrainingmaybecombined
while covering respective approaches and failures.For operators
conducting
manualF/DCATIIlandings,thesimulatortraining(initial/recurrent)and
evaluation shall include at least one manual F/D CAT II landing.
The quantum
ofground/simulatortrainingandcheckingforrespectivemodulesistabled
below (breakdown of exercises is covered in following paragraphs);
ExerciseGround trainingSimulator trainingSimulator check Initial
authorization LVTO1:001:001:00 CAT II2:002:001:00 CAT
III2:001:001:00 CAT II/III (combined) 3:003:001:00 Pilots with
previous authorization on similar design type LVTO1:001:001:00 CAT
II2:001:001:00 CAT III2:001:001:00 CAT II/III
(combined)3:002:001:00 7.2Qualifications and Flying Experience
Requirements for Cat-II/III Prior to being authorized for CAT-II or
CAT-III operations, pilot shall meet the following qualifications
and experience requirements: CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8
SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 7, 11th July 201518 7.2.1
Licence and Ratings (a) Current CPL or higher licence. (b)
Instrument Rating
7.2.2Flying Experience for PIC (a) Total flying experience 2500
hrs (b)PICexperienceontype500hrs.(forpilotswithnopreviousCATII/III
authorization), 100 hrs (for pilots with previous CAT II/III
authorization). (c)Night Flying on type 100 hrs. (d) Instrument
Flying 100 hrs (including not more than 50 hrs on Full Flight
Simulator of the type). 7.2.3 Flying Experience for Co-Pilot (a)
Total flying experience 500 hrs (b)
OntypeexperienceasreleasedCo-pilot300hrs(forpilotswithno
previousCatII/IIIauthorization),100hrs(forpilotswithpreviousCAT
II/III authorization). (c)
InstrumentFlying100hrs.(includingnotmorethan50hrsonFull Flight
Simulator of the type 7.3. Ground Training for PIC, Co-Pilot for
CAT II and CAT III Authorization The ground training shall lay
specific emphasis on the following;
7.3.1AllthetechnicalaspectsrequiredforCATIIandCATIIIoperations,the
aircraftequipmentrequiredforcarryingoutCATIIandCATIIIapproaches and
associated weather phenomenon, with special emphasis on poor
visibility in fog, rain, meteorological minima etc. This training
shall be given by Ground
Instructor/FlightInstructor/TRI/SFI/ExaminertrainedinCATIIandCATIII
operations. 7.3.2
ThetechniquesforCATIIandCATIIIoperations,effectsonoperationsdue
failures in the airborne and ground equipment and their
indications, and action
requiredtobetakenonvariousfailures.Thistrainingshallbegivenduring
pre-simulatorbriefingbyFlightInstructor/TRI/SFI/ExaminertrainedinCATII
and CAT III operations. 7.4. Simulator Training and Line Flying for
CAT II/CAT III Authorization
Thetrainingexercisesstipulatedhereundershallbetheminimumtobe
carried out on anapprovedsimulator. TheFlight
Instructor/TRI/SFI/Examiner
shallensurethatthepilotacquirestherequiredproficiencyandifnecessary
additionaltrainingbegiven.Incaseofagapbetweengroundclasses/
simulatortrainingandlineflyingofmorethansixmonthsthepilotshall
undergo a simulator training session of at least 8 CAT II/III
approaches.This may be combined with recurrent IR/PPC training.
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011
Rev. 7, 11th July 2015 19 7.4.1 Simulator Training for
PIC/Co-pilot. 7.4.1.1 Pilots with no previous CAT II/III
Authorization
(a)OneCATIItrainingsessionofminimumof2hoursconsistingofa
minimumof10CATIIapproachesinwhichatleast4landingsand4go
aroundshallbeaccomplished.Theexerciseshallalsoinclude
approacheswithoneengineinoperativeforlandingandgo-around.Handlingoffailuresandtakingnecessarycorrectiveactionshallalsobe
part of the training.
(b)OneCATIIchecksessionof1hourbyaTRI/Examinertoassessthe
proficiencyconsistingofatleast3landingsand1goaroundtoinclude
enginefailureonapproach,goaround,recognitionofaircraftandground
equipment failures and to take necessary corrective action.
(c)Onlyonsuccessfulcompletionofsimulatortraining/checkforCATII
operations,pilotshallundergooneCATIIItrainingsessionof1hour
consistingofatleast3landingsand1goaroundwithallengines
operating,criticalenginefailureandalsowithequipmentfailuresandto
demonstrateabilitytotakenecessarycorrectiveactionstohandlethe
failures. (d)OneCATIIIchecksessionof1hourbyaTRI/Examinertoassessthe
proficiency consisting of a minimum of 3 landings and 1 go around.
(e)Anoperatormay combine CAT II/IIItraining and check modules.
Inthis case, the training session will be identical as covered
above (2 hours for CAT II and 1 hour for CAT III), however, the
check for CAT II and CAT III can be combined in one session of 1
hour consisting of at least 3 landings and 1 go around of which
minimum 1 landing shall be CAT II. 7.4.1.2Pilots with previous CAT
II/III authorization on different design type Training and
evaluation as per Para 7.4.1.1 above. 7.4.1.3Pilots with previous
CAT II/III authorization on similar design type.
(a)OneCATIItrainingsessionofminimumof1hoursconsistingofa
minimumof3CATIIlandingsand1goaroundshallbeaccomplished.The exercise
shall also include approaches with one engine inoperative for
landingandgo-around.Handlingoffailuresandtakingnecessary corrective
action shall also be part of the training.
(b)OneCATIIchecksessionof1hourbyaTRI/Examinertoassessthe
proficiency for consisting of at least 3 landings and 1 go around
to include
toincludeenginefailureonapproach,goaround,recognitionofaircraft
andgroundequipmentfailuresandtotakenecessarycorrectiveaction. CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
7, 11th July
201520(c)Onlyonsuccessfulcompletionofsimulatortraining/checkforCATII
operations,pilotshallundergooneCat-IIItrainingsessionof1hour
consisting ofat least 3 CAT III landings and 1go around withall
engines
operating,criticalenginefailureandalsowithequipmentfailuresandto
demonstrateabilitytotakenecessarycorrectiveactionstohandlethe
failures. (d)OneCATIIIchecksessionof1hourbyaTRI/Examinertoassessthe
proficiency consisting of a minimum of 3 approaches and 1 go
around. (e)Anoperator may combine CAT II/IIItraining and check
modules. Inthis
case,thetrainingsessionwillbeidenticalascoveredabove(1hourfor CAT
II and 1 hour for CAT III), however, the check for CAT II and CAT
III can be combined in one session of 1 hour consisting of at least
3 landings and 1 go around of which minimum 1 landing shall be CAT
II. Note 1:CAT II/III training and checking may be conducted as
part of PIC upgrade/co-pilot type training conversion course. Note
2: Incapacitation procedures shall be practised 7.4.1.4Pilots
upgrading from CAT IIIA to CAT IIIB on the same aircraft type.
Pilots upgrading from CAT IIIA to CAT IIIB on the same type shall
undergo 0:45minutestrainingconsistingofminimum2approachesand1go
aroundfollowedby0:45minutescheckconsistingofminimum2
approachesand1goaroundonthesimulator.Thereshallbeno additional
requirement of line flying to qualify from CAT IIIA to CAT IIIB.
7.4.2Line Flying for PIC/Co-pilot (a)
OneILSCATII/CATIIIapproachforPICwithaCATII/IIIqualifiedco-pilot in
weather conditions at or above the CAT I minima . (b) One ILS CAT
II/ CAT III approach for co-pilot with a CAT II/II qualified PIC in
weather conditions at or above the CAT I minima. 7.5Recency
Requirements for Cat-II/III
ToexercisetheprivilegesofapplicableCATII/IIIauthorization,aPIC/co-pilot
shall have carried out a minimum of 6 CAT II/III approaches to the
authorized RVR including at least 3 landings in the approved
simulator in the preceding 6
months.ForCATIIauthorizedpilots,atleastoneCATIIlandingshallbe
conducted in the simulator exercise above.There is no separate
requirement to mantain CAT II recency for such pilots. CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
7, 11th July 201521 Note: All the above required practice
approaches on the aircraft for initial
authorizationcanbecarriedoutatanyCategory-IILSrunwaywhere autoland
can be carried out and which has been suitably assessed, after
flighttrials,bytheoperator.AllOperatorsmustmaintainaperiodically
updatedlistofairports/runwayswherepracticeCATII/IIIapproaches/
autoland may be carried out. 7.6.Recurrent Training and Checking
for CAT II/III 7.6.1 Recurrent Ground Training.
Recurrentgroundtrainingshallprovideanyremedialreviewoftopics
specifiedininitialCATIIandCATIIIgroundtraining,toensurecontinued
familiaritywiththosetopics.Emphasisshallbeplacedonanyprogramme
modifications,changestoaircraftequipmentorprocedures,reviewofany
occurrences or incidents that may be pertinent, and finally
emphasis may be
placedonre-familiarisationwithtopicssuchasflightmodeannunciationfor
failureconditionsorotherinformationwhichthepilotsmaynotroutinelysee
duringnormallineoperations.TopicstobeaddressedforeachPICandco-pilotarethosetopics,necessaryfortheperformanceoftheassignedduties
for each respective crew member in the current assignment. This
training may be completed during annual refresher training.
7.6.2Recurrent Simulator Training and Checks for PIC/co-pilot
Pilotsknowledgeandabilitytoperformthetasksassociatedwiththe
particularcategoryofoperationforwhichheisauthorized,istobe
demonstrated during recurrent training and PPC/IR checks. This
shall include
aminimumof3CATII/IIIapproachesandaminimumof1go-aroundinthe training
and PPC/IR check profiles. 7.7Qualification and Flying Experience
Requirements for LVTO 7.7.1An operator shall ensure that, prior to
conducting Low Visibility Take-offs each flight crew member:
(a)Completes the training and checking requirements for LVTO
prescribed in this CAR as appropriate to the operators approval;
and (b)Is qualified in accordance with this CAR
(c)OnsuccessfulcompletionofLVTOtrainingandchecks,thePilots
proficiencytoundertakeLVTOOperationswillberecordedand certified
(d)TheairoperatorisrequiredtoindicateintheOperationsManualthe
airfields along with their designated take-off alternate(s) for
each of the aerodromesatwhichLVTOOperationswouldbecarriedout. CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
5, 3rdJune
2014227.7.2ThePICandCo-pilotshouldhavegainedexperienceof100hoursinthe
relevantaeroplanetypeasPICandreleasedCo-pilotrespectivelybefore
being authorized to use LVTO minima up to the limiting
RVR.7.8Ground Training for LVTO
Thistrainingprogrammeshalloutlinetheproceduresandtechniques,
conditionsandrequirements(likeMEL,SpecialWeatherphenomenonetc.) for
reduced visibility take-off under weather conditions below landing
minima. Emphasis should be given on taxiing in low visibility
conditions; CRM for Low Visibility Operations; R/T procedures and
avoidance of runway incursions 7.9 Simulator Training and Checking
for LVTO The pilots shall be subjected to adequate simulator
training (minimum 1 hour)to cover the following and any other
relevant maneuvers: (a)Take-offs under simulated conditions of RVR
125 m. (b)Rejecttake-offatlowspeedandhighspeedunderlimitingRVR
conditions.
(c)Exerciseofdiversiontothedesignatedtake-offalternatefromengine
failure/fireatV1includingclimb-outtoen-routeairwayandlandingat
take-off alternate at landing minima . (d)
Simulatorcheck(minimum1hour)coveringtheabovetoassessthe
proficiency. Note1:LVTOtrainingandcheckingmaybeconductedaspartofPIC
upgrade/co-pilot type training conversion course. Note 2:
Incapacitation procedures shall be practised 7.10Recurrent
Simulator Training and Checking for LVTO for PIC/co-pilot Pilots
knowledge and ability to perform the tasks for which he is
authorised, is
tobedemonstratedduringnormalproficiency/IRtrainingandchecks.This
shall include a minimum of one take-off and one reject take-off
under limiting RVR conditions in the training and PPC/IR check
profiles. 8.LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS OPERATING PROCEDURES
8.1Anoperatormustestablishproceduresandinstructionstobeusedforlow
visibilitytake-off,CategoryIIandIIIoperations.Theseproceduresmustbe
includedintheOperationsManualandcontainthedutiesofflightcrew
members during taxiing, take-off, approach, flare, landing,
roll-out and missed approach as appropriate.
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE
2011 Rev. 5, 3rd June 201423 8.2The PIC shall satisfy
himself/herself that:
(a)Thestatusofthevisualandnon-visualfacilitiesissufficientpriorto
commencing a low visibility take-off,Category II or III approach;
(b) AppropriateLVPsareinforceaccordingtoinformationreceivedfrom
AirTrafficServices,beforecommencingalowvisibilitytake-off, Category
II or III approach; and
(c)Theflightcrewmembersareproperlyqualifiedandtrainedpriorto
commencingalowvisibilitytake-off(inanRVRoflessthan400m), Category
II or III approach. 8.3Full thrust take off rating is to be used
for LVTO. 8.4Supervised take off and landing is not permitted
during CAT II/III operations or LVTO. 9. LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS
MINIMUM EQUIPMENT (AIRCRAFT)
9.1AnoperatormustincludeintheOperationsManual,theminimumequipment
thathastobeserviceableatthecommencementofalowvisibilitytake-off,
CategoryIIorIIIapproachinaccordancewiththeAFMorotherapproved
document.Thefollowingaircraftsystemsequipmentlistedas
applicable/installedwhicharecriticalforLVTOOperationsshallbefully
serviceable; 9.1.1Windshield wipers (where fitted) for both PIC and
Co-pilot 9.1.2Window heat system for all heated cockpit windows
9.1.3 Anti-skid system 9.1.4Thrust reversers for all engines CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
5, 3rd June 201424 9.2The PIC shall satisfy himself/herself that
the status of the aeroplane and of the relevant airborne systems is
appropriate for the specific operation to be conducted. 10. VFR
OPERATING MINIMA An operator shall ensure that:
10.1VFRflightsareconductedinaccordancewiththeVisualFlightRulesandin
accordance with Table 2. 10.2Special VFR flights are not permitted
for commercial air transport aeroplanes. Table 2:Minimum
Visibilities for VFR Operations Altitude BandAirspace ClassFlight
VisbilityDistance from Cloud Atorabove3050 m(10000ft) AMSL A3 B C D
E F G8 km1500mhorizontally 300m(1000ft) vertically Below3050m
(10000ft)and above900m (3000ft)AMSL, orabove300m (1000ft)above
terrain,whichever is the higher A3B C D E F G 5 km1500mhorizontally
300m(1000ft) vertically Atorbelow900 m(3000ft) AMSL,or300m
(1000ft)above terrain,whichever is the higher A3 B C D E5
km1500mhorizontally 300m(1000ft) vertically F G5 km2
Clearofcloudsand withthesurfacein sight Note 1 - When the height of
the transition altitude is lower than 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL, FL
100 should be used in lieu of 10 000 ft. Note 2 -
WhensoprescribedbytheappropriateATSauthority:flight visibilities
reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights
operating: CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART
I13TH JUNE 2011 25 Rev 5, 3rd June 2014
1)atspeedsthat,intheprevailingvisibility,willgiveadequate
opportunitytoobserveothertrafficoranyobstaclesintimeto avoid
collision; or
2)incircumstancesinwhichtheprobabilityofencounterswith
othertrafficwouldnormallybelow,e.g.inareasoflowvolume traffic and
for aerial work at low levels. b) Helicopters may be permitted to
operate in less than 1 500 m flight visibility, if manoeuvred at a
speed that will give adequate
opportunitytoobserveothertrafficoranyobstaclesintimeto avoid
collision. Note 3 -The VMC minima in Class A airspace are included
for guidance topilotsand donotimplyacceptance ofVFRflightsinClassA
airspace. 11.AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA - LANDING 11.1Normal
Aerodrome Operating Minima
NormalAOMshallbecalculatedbasedonthelatestinformationofairport
facilities,proceduresandOCAs.Operatorsshallensurethatonly
informationpromulgatedbytheAirportsAuthorityofIndia(AAI)throughthe
AeronauticalInformationServiceisusedforcalculationofAOMatciviland
defence aerodromes. 11.2Restricted Aerodrome Operating
Minima.RestrictedAOMshallbebasedonadditivesappliedtotheNormalAOMas
below; RestrictedAOM=NormalAOMDA(H)/MDA(H)+100ftandnormalAOM
Visibility/RVR + 400 m .
Non-ScheduledandGeneralAviationOperatorsmayapplytoDGCAfor
approval of normal AOM subject to the following conditions: 11.2.1
The PIC and Co-pilot shall have minimum 200 hours experience on
type. 11.2.2 The PIC and Co-pilot shall have minimum 10 hours
experience on type in the preceding 90 days. 11.2.3 The operator
shall provide adequate training including training on the relevant
simulator(minimumLevelC)toitspilotstomakethemfamiliarwiththe
operationunderreducedvisibilityconditionsandotherassociatedhazards.CIVIL
AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev.
7, 11th July 201526 11.2.4 ThePICandCo-pilot
shallhavetodemonstratetoanExaminerqualifiedon
typehisproficiencytohandlenormal/abnormalsituationsunder
simulated/actual reduced visibility conditions. 11.3Category I, APV
and Non-Precision Approach Operations
11.3.1ACategoryIapproachoperationisaprecisioninstrumentapproachand
landingusingILS,GLS(GNSS/GBAS)orPARwithadecisionheightnot
lowerthan200ftandwithvisibilitynotlessthan800moranRVRnotless than
550 m.
11.3.2Anon-precisionapproach(NPA)operationisaninstrumentapproachusingany
of the facilities described on Table 3 (System Minima) with a MDH
or DH notlowerthan250ftandanRVR/CMVnotlowerthan750munless accepted
by DGCA.
11.3.3AnAPVoperationisaninstrumentapproachwhichutilizeslateraland
verticalguidance,butdoesnotmeettherequirementsestablishedfor
precisionapproachandlandingoperations, withaDHnotlowerthan250ft and
a runway visual range of not less than 600 m unless approved by
DGCA. 11.3.4 Decision height (DH). An operator must ensure that the
decision height to be used for an approach is not lower than: (a)
the minimum height to which the approach aid can be used without
the required visual reference; or (b) the OCH for the category of
aeroplane; or (c)
thepublishedapproachproceduredecisionheightwhereapplicable; or (d)
200 ft for Category I approach operations; or (e)
thelowestdecisionheightspecifiedintheAeroplaneFlightManual (AFM) or
equivalent document, if stated; whichever is higher. 11.3.5.
Minimum descent height (MDH). An operator must ensure that the
minimum descent height for an approach is not lower than: (a) the
OCH for the category of aeroplane; or (b) the system minimum in
Table 3; or
(c)theminimumdescentheightspecifiedintheAeroplaneFlightManual (AFM)
if stated; CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART
I13TH JUNE 2011 27 Rev . 4, 10th December 2013 whichever is higher.
11.3.6. Visual reference.A pilot may not continue an approach below
MDA/MDH unless at least one of the following visual references for
the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the
pilot: (a) elements of the approach light system; (b) the
threshold; (c) the threshold markings; (d) the threshold lights;
(e) the threshold identification lights; (f) the visual glide slope
indicator; (g) the touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings; (h)
the touchdown zone lights; (i) runway edge lights CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th
December 201328Table 3:System Minima vs Instrument Approach
Procedures System minima Instrument Approach ProcedureLowest DH /
MDH ILS/MLS/GLS CAT I200 ft1 RNAVwithapprovedverticalguidance 200
ft Localizer with or without DME250 ft SRA (terminating at NM)250
ft SRA (terminating at 1 NM)300 ft SRA(terminatingat2NMor more) 350
ft RNAVwithoutapproved vertical guidance 300 ft VOR300 ft
VOR/DME250 ft NDB350 ft NDB/DME300 ft VDF 350 ft Note 1.200 ft is
the lowest authorized DH for Category I operation unless
anequivalentlevelofsafetycanbeachievedthroughuseofadditional
procedural or operational requirements.
Note2.AlowestDHof200ftforRNAVwithapprovedverticalguidance
approaches shall only be used if full SBAS capability is available.
Otherwise a DH of 250 ft is required. 11.3.7 Determination
ofRVR/CMV/Visibility minima for Category 1,APV andnon-precision
approaches. The minimum RVR/CMV/Visibility shall be the highest of
the values derived from Table 4 or Table 5, but not greater than
the maximum values shown in
Table5whereapplicable.ThevaluesinTable4arederivedfromthe
formulabelowwiththelengthoftheapproachlightingsystemtakeninto
account as part of the formula for derivation of RVR; Required
RVR/Visibility (m) = [(DH/MDH (ft) x 0.3048) / tan] - length of
approach lights (m); where is the calculation angle, being a
default value of 3.00 increasing in steps of 0.10 for each line in
Table 5 up to 3.77 and then remaining constant.CIVIL AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS SECTION 8 SERIES C PART I13TH JUNE 2011 Rev. 4, 10th
December 201329
Table4:LowestStraight-inApproachMinimaforInstrumentApproachand
Landing Operations Other Than CAT II or CAT III DHorMDH (ft) Class
of Lighting Facility DH or MDH (ft) Class of Lighting Facility FALS
IALS BALS NALSFALS IALS BALS NALS (metres)(metres)
Seepara11.3.9.forRVR
