All you need to know aboutresolutions, PAR, FAR, etc..

Gilad Barkan

SD ? HD ? What is all about?

SD– QCIF– CIF– 4CIF

HD– 720p– 1080p– 480p– 352p– ….

Don’t be confused! HD does not imply bigger than SD!– 352p (HD: 624x352) < 4CIF (SD: 704x576)

4 : 3

16 : 9

FAR = Frame Aspect Ratio

SD ? HD ? What is all about?

SD

– CIF4 : 3

352

288

3

4

288

352

SD ? HD ? What is all about?

SD

– CIF

3

4

9

11

288

352

4 : 3

352

288

SD ? HD ? What is all about?

SD

– CIF

9

11

288

352

PAR = Pixel Aspect Ratio

3

4

11

12

9

11

4 : 3

352

288

Pixel Aspect Ratio = Pixel’s Geometry

SD: PAR = 12:11

1112

100

100

A 100x100 pixels square = A physical 120x110 square

Pixel Aspect Ratio = Pixel’s Geometry

HD : PAR = 1:1

1

1

100

100

A 100x100 pixels square = A physical 100x100 square

The magic formula

FARPAR H

W

9

16

1

1

720

1280

3

4

11

12

288

352CIF 720p

Without PAR handling

Exercise No. 1

Help ?

?

SD HD

A. B. C. D.

Without PAR handling

Exercise No. 1 - Solution

4 .3

6

4 .3

6

SD HD

With PAR handling

Exercise No. 2

A. B. C.

SD HD

?

With PAR handling

Exercise No. 2

SD HD

So how do we convert between them?

352

288

1280

720

SD (4:3) HD (16:9)

5.2288

720 ; 63.3

352

1280

scaling

1. width height

2. 12:11 1:1

Solution 1: Stretch

No loss of data

but No PAR preservation (‘fat’ objects)

352

288

1280

720upscale

SD (4:3) HD (16:9)

Solution 2: Crop

1280

720

352

288

Loss of data

but Preserve PAR

upscale

SD (4:3) HD (16:9)

Solution 3: Black-Bars

No loss of data

and Preserve PAR

but Black in the eyes

1280

720

352

288upscale

SD (4:3) HD (16:9)

Down Scale – Are you still with me?

1280

720

352

288

SD (4:3)HD (16:9)

Solution 1: Stretch

352

288

1280

720

SD (4:3)HD (16:9)

Solution 2: Crop

352

288

1280

720

SD (4:3)HD (16:9)

Solution 3: Black-Bars

352

288

1280

720

SD (4:3)HD (16:9)

Before you leave

FAR– 4:3 (SD)– 16:9 (HD)

PAR– 12:11 (SD)– 1:1 (HD)

Scaling– Down– Up– Modes: stretch / crop / black-bars

FARPAR H

W

Thank You