Allen High SchoolFall Semester Midterm Exam

Elements of Art

•Form•Line•Shape •Color

•Texture •Space•Value

Line• A continuous mark

made on some surface by a moving point

• 2D = pencil mark• 3D = wire• Implied = series of

unconnected points that cause your eye to create a line

• Outline or Contour

More lines!

Color

• How light reacts when it reflects on an object or surface

Color - Intensity

Color & Value

Shape

• Enclosed space defined by other elements of art.

• Usually 2D• Can be 3D (but

used as a general term)

Shapes- 2 Types

Organic or Geometric

Form

• 3D• Encloses Volume, as a

kind of “visual weight”• Examples: • Cubes, Spheres,

Cylinders

Color

• Has 3 Properties:1. Hue- the name

of the color2. Intensity-

brightness or dullness

3. Value- lightness or darkness

Color - Intensity

Color & Value

Value

• Describes the darkness or lightness of a color.

• Value is needed to express Volume

Value makes Volume

=

Value:

• The lightness or darkness of a color

Texture

• Refers to the surface quality or “feel” of an object

• Roughness or smoothness• Hardness or softness• Texture can be felt in 3D works or “implied” in

visual/2D drawings, paintings or photographs

TextureActual & Implied

Space

• The distance or area between, around, above or within things

• It can be a description of both 2D & 3D works

Space

Both Positive & Negative Space are important!

Principles of Design

• Emphasis•Balance•Harmony•Variety

•Movement•Rhythm•Proportion •Unity

Rhythm • A type of movement• Seen in repeating shapes and colors• Alternating light and dark shapes also creates rhythm• Also called Pattern or Repetition

Balance

• Sense of stability • Can be created by repeating shapes or

repeating the feeling of weight within a work• 3 Types of Balance:• Symmetrical, Asymmetrical & Radial

Balance – 3 TypesSymmetrical & Asymmetrical & Radial

Radial Balance

Asymmetrical Balance

Symmetrical Balance

Proportion• Also called Scale • Refers to the relationships of size of objects in

a work• Smallness & largeness

Repetition: Using the same image over and

over again

Harmony

• Using similar elements throughout the work.

• Gives artwork an “uncomplicated” feel

Unity

• The feeling of oneness• The parts equal a whole• Elements of Art tie

everything together.• No confusion

Emphasis

• Developing points of interest to pull a viewer's attention

(“focal point”)• Or thematic

emphasis= focusing on one idea or theme

Movement •Adds excitement to work by showing action and direction. •Moves viewer’s eye throughout work

Variety

• Using different shapes, textures, colors & values to make a piece interesting

Contour LineLines creating

boundaries that separate one area from another; they

define the edges and surface ridges of an

object

Outlines

• The outside edge of an object.

Blind ContourDrawing in which only contour lines

are used to represent subject matter. Artist keep their eyes on the object they are

drawing and concentrate on direction and

curves.

GESTURE DRAWING

• More generally, a gesture drawing may be any drawing which attempts to capture action or movement.

Thumbnail Sketch

• A brief/small sketch of ideas for brainstorming and composition

Composition

• The overall arrangement and organization of visual elements on a 2D surface

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://web.mst.edu/~rhall/web_design/color_mixing.html&ei=Z8aFVMyVHNW2yATpjYHwBA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNE-LgInDMHr4DCjwMui9vA_PBSwMQ&ust=1418139604606046

Color

1. Hue- the name of the color

2. Intensity- brightness or dullness

Primary Colors – exist by themselvesYou can NOT mix them!

Secondary Colors – PurpleGreen

Orange

Tints of colors

1 color + white = Tint

Shade

1 Color + Black = Shade

Complementary Colors

Are OPPOSITE on the color wheel!

Red and GreenOrange and BlueYellow and Purple

Analagous Colors

Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel

Warm Colors

• Colors that suggest warmth

• Yellow, Orange, Red and some Purples

Cool Colors

• Colors that suggest coolness

• Green, Blue, most Purples

What are different techniques to show Value?

1. Hatching – parallel lines

2. Cross-hatching – perpendicular lines

3. Stippling - dots

Hatching

Cross Hatching

Stippling:

• The act of drawing with small dots

Noli Novak

Achromatic

• To be without color or pigment

• Greyscale • Black and White only

Monochromatic – 1 color with black and white

Implied Line

• A series of unconnected points that cause our eyes to create a line

What is a critique?

Using knowledge to evaluate or analyze a work of art.

To review, discuss or compare an artwork

You do it every time you complete a RUBRIC!

21. Color Pencil Questions

a) Linear – color pencil technique showing contour and value change, use of LINES

b) Mixing – using light pencil pressure with a color pencil in an already existing GRAPHITE drawing

23. (continued)

c) Scraffito- scraping away or scratching into the outer surface to reveal underneath

d) Burnishing – using white (or any light color) with heavy pressure over an area of color

e) Wax bloom – the hazy finish that sets in on a color pencil drawing after a period of time

23. Continued

f) Layering – overlapping graphite pencils with colored pencils.

g) Frottage – creating a texture or pattern by coloring over a texture surface. A rubbing.